四六级阅读·Section A 选词填空高分策略(一)

四六级阅读·Section A 选词填空高分策略(一)

阅读怎么做?

选题填空好难啊?

段落匹配不会啊?

阅读的选择题怎么都做不对呢?

四六级阅读·Section A 选词填空高分策略(一)

宝宝不开心了~呜呜呜

这不,你们想要的阅读技巧也来了。

依然是按照四六级阅读的卷面顺序

选词填空→段落匹配→仔细阅读选择题

进行分题型讲解!

先看一下四六级阅读的分值情况

四级阅读由三个部分构成

考级

测试内容

题目数量

分值比例

考试时间

四级

阅读

Section A:

选词填空

10

5%

(35.5分)

40分钟

(248.5分)

Section B:

段落匹配

10

10%

(71分)

Section C:

仔细阅读

选择题

10

20%

(142分)

六级阅读由三个部分构成

考级

测试内容

题目数量

分值比例

考试时间

六级

阅读

Section A:

选词填空

10

5%

(35.5分)

40分钟

(248.5分)

Section B:

段落匹配

10

10%

(71分)

Section C:

仔细阅读

选择题

10

20%

(142分)

虽然四六级阅读的难度有差异,

但基于两者的阅读题型是相同的,

所以解题技巧也就相通了。

同样是选词填空,以下技巧四六级通用哦!

四六级阅读·Section A 选词填空高分策略(一)

开心不开心?

选词填空

四级的选词填空是一篇220词左右的文章,

六级的选词填空是一篇260词左右的文章,

该题型均是抽掉10个单词,

要求考生从15个备选答案中选出10个填入文章的空格处。

长度体裁多为记叙文、说明文或夹叙夹议的文章。题材多具有社会性、普及性,如人物介绍、科普知识或社会热点,而不会选择过于专业化的文章。所考的10个词均为实词,即能独立充当句子成分的词,如名词、形容词、动词和副词。

5大命题特点

1. 首句不设空,一句话中不设两空。

2. 10个空格考查的全部为实词,其中包括: 1~3个名词; 3~5个形容词; 2~4个动词; 1~2个副词。

3. 选项的单复数和时态应符合原文中上下文的语法要求。

4. 每个正确选项都有干扰项,要么是同性词正确选项之间的相互干扰,要么是多余选项对正确选项的干扰。

5. 选项列表中,正确选项和干扰项不列在一起。

4大解题步骤

01

分析选项,将单词按词性分类

因为选词填空考查的词全部为实词,所以可以先将备选的15个词按照名词、形容词、动词和副词归类。需要注意的是,很多单词有两个词性,所以要标全。

02

略读全文,寻找文中主题句

对于选词填空,一定要先迅速地浏览一遍全文,做到对文章内容有一个整体把握。尤其要注意文章的首句或末句,因为它有可能就是文章的主题句,这对文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。另外,文章的主题句有可能在文中反复出现,所以要善于抓住主题句,同时领会作者所持的态度。

03

细读全文,分析句子找选项

在对文章大意和选项有了大概的了解之后,接下来要做的就是仔细阅读文章,边读边找选项。这个环节中最重要的是分析空格前后句子的逻辑关系,确定句中缺少单词的词性,然后再根据全文的逻辑关系和语义排除干扰项,找出正确答案。

04

通读全文,带着选项看文章

如同做完形填空题的最后一个步骤一样,在选择完选项之后,一定要再次通读全文,检验自己所填的答案。因为在此类型考题中,上下文的逻辑关系很重要。

解题小窍门

01

of 前后填名词

四级第一套:

The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better (30) picture of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century (31) voyage of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes.

30.【解析】of前后填名词,文章说研究者搜集了150年的海洋温度的数据,目的就是要了解从海面到海底热度吸收的情况。get a picture of sth.是一个固定搭配,意思就“对。。。有所了解”,因此,正确答案为picture。

31.【解析】of前后填名词。横线后的naval ships表明空处应与航海有关,在名词选项中只有voyage符合此处语义要求。

02

形容词要看其前后

六级第二套:

When a treefirst starts growing in a certain area, it's likely that the (27) climatic envelope — the temperature, humidity, rainfall patterns andso on — suitsit.

27.【解析】形容词要看其前后。破折号表示对前面内容的解释。the temperature, humidity,rainfall patterns都是与气候有关的词汇,因此climatic最符合语义要求。

03

名词之后填分词

四级第二套:

“There’s a mountain of evidence (34) proving their importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he toldThe Seattle Times.

34.【解析】H)。名词之后填分词,分析句子结构可知,该分词修饰前面的名词,作补充解释的作用。横线前的evidence经常与动词prove搭配,proving做主动关系,逻辑正确。

04

主谓宾, 分词(表结果)

六级第三套:

In the 1960s, the United States (31) devoted nearly 17% of discretionary(可酌情支配的)spending to research and development, (32) reaping decades of economic growth.

32.【解析】主谓宾, 分词(表结果)。分析句子结构可知,空后的内容作作devote的结果状语。文章中说进行了投入,其结果当然是要活的经济的增长,reaping符合这样的判断。

05

并列用and/but,语法+内涵平行

四级第二套:

Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while thereare some gender-based (29) similarities, many different types of brain can’t always bedistinguished by gender.

29.【解析】横线前的while表让步这一逻辑,前后一定是相反的。后面说有很多不同的种类,那么前面一定是相似性。所以答案为similarities。

六级第一套:

We need more scientists who canexplain what they are doing in language that is (29) convincing and understandable to the public.

29.【解析】横线后面有and,所以前面和后面一定在语法、内涵上是并列平行的。understandable表示“可以理解的”,也就是“可以相信的”,那么前面的词一定也表示相似的内涵。convincing恰好表示这样的含义。

活学活用

下面结合四级考试真题,对选词填空部分的解题思路做具体分析。

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 26 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science—starting with Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器) in 1931. A generation ago, female faces were 27 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 28 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 29 all of them white males.

But climb up to the third floor and you’ll see a 30 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 31 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 32 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they’re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 33 may be in the smaller photos to the right:graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country’s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 34 .“I believe things are getting better,” she says, “but they’re not getting better as 35 as I would like.”

A) circumstance

B) confidence

C) covers

D) current

E) deals

F) different

G) exposing

H) fast

I) honoring

J) hope

K) presently

L) rare

M) realistic

N) site

O) virtually

首先,对备选选项的词性进行归类。

名词: A) circumstance 情况,情形; B) confidence 信心; J) hope 希望; N) site 场所,地点

动词: C) covers 覆盖,包含; E) deals处理; G) exposing 揭露,揭发; I) honoring 纪念

形容词: D) current 当前的; F) different 不同的; L) rare 稀少的; M) realistic 现实的,实际的

副词: H) fast 快速地; K) presently 目前;不久; O) virtually 几乎,差不多

其次,通读全文。

本文主要通过对加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校物理系职工及学生的介绍,使人们进一步了解女性在科学领域的地位取得了怎样的进步。文章第一句为主题句,便于考生理解。

然后,根据上下文的语法结构和语义内容判断空格处的词性,并从备选选项中选出最切合文意的词汇。

例如,第26题,空格前面是定冠词the,后面是介词of, 因此空格处需要填入名词,根据空格前的a storied place和句意可知,空格处填入的词意思应与place意思相近。结合备选名词可知,N) site“场所,地点”符合题意。

第27题,空格前面是be动词were,因此空格处应填入形容词或名词作表语。结合空格后的内容可知,在金帝大厅一楼物理学家的展览中,全部都是白人男性。而空格所在部分介绍的是a generation ago,再根据female faces可知,这里说的是女性人数少。结合备选项可知,rare“稀少的”符合文意,故为答案。

最后,通读全文,带着选项看文章。

下面结合六级考试真题,对选词填空部分的解题思路做具体分析。

Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major 36 in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent US survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phones had 37 their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, 38 , said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an 39 part of their lives; some were so 40 to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.

Cell phones 41 social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more 42 sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 43 social tolerance because they reduce children’s interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that 44 environment, mobile phones were regarded as “security objects” in parent-teen relationships—important because they provided the possibility of 45 and communication at all times.

A) affiliated

B) attached

C) contact

D) contend

E) continuous

F) diminish

G) endurance

H) foster

I) hazardous

J) improved

K) instantaneous

L) intrinsic

M) relatively

N) shift

O) similarly

首先,把备选项从词性角度进行归类。

名词: C) contact接触,联系; G) endurance忍耐,忍耐力; N) shift转移,转变

动词: A) affiliated使紧密联系; B) attached 装上,依附; D) contend 奋斗,斗争; F) diminish 减少,减小; H) foster 促进,培养; J) improved 提高,改进

形容词: E) continuous连续不断的; I) hazardous危险的; K) instantaneous 即刻的,瞬间的; L) intrinsic本质的,固有的

副词: M) relatively相对地; O) similarly 相似地,类似地

其次,通读全文,把握文章大意。

本文通过对美国、澳大利亚和日本东京的调查结果分析得出,手机已经成为青少年生活的重要组成部分。同时,由于青少年使用手机过于频繁,研究人员已经开始担心使用手机成瘾的问题。最后阐述手机给青少年的生活造成的各种不同影响。

然后,根据上下文的语法结构和语义内容判断空格处的词性,并从备选项中选出最切合文意的词。

例如,第38题,空格位于两个逗号之间,因此需要填入副词充当状语。上文中提到,在美国的调查中青少年们表示手机对他们来说十分有用,而下文中指出,澳大利亚的青少年也表达了相似的看法,故答案为O) similarly“相似地,类似地”。备选项中relatively的意思与上下文语义不符,故排除。

又如第41题,空格位于句子的谓语部分,且由下一句中的allow一词判断,空格处应该填入动词原形,充当谓语。根据句意可知,手机可以为同龄人建立起跨越时空的社会纽带,故答案为H) foster“促进,培养”。备选项中还有两个动词原形:contend和diminish,这两个词意思均与上下文不符,故排除。

最后,通读全文,带着选项看文章。

试问,学会了这些方法,

选词填空还难吗?


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