为何俄国依然是一个强国？
Why is Russia still a powerful country?
译文简介：西方繁荣的黄金时代已经结束，他们现在能做的就是利用乌克兰和罗马尼亚这样的穷国来解决他们自己的问题。
译文来源：https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Russia-still-a-powerful-country
原创翻译：龙腾网
翻译：翻译熊Why is Russia still a powerful country?
为何俄国依然是一个强国？
Kuntal Sarma, Loves History & Geopolitics
Answered Apr 29, 2017
Russia is a superpower because it behaves like one and many countries depends on it either as a protector or for energy sources.Latvia, Slovakia, Finland & Estonia are 100% dependent on Russian oil. 80% oil and gas of The Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Lithuania comes from Russia and 60% of Greece, Austria and Hungary. All these oil & gas passes through pipelines which are laid from east to the west Europe. Half of Europe rely on Russia to keep their houses warm and vehicles moving.Militarily it is the second most advanced country in the world in terms of army & air-force. Only disadvantage it had was that, Russia did not have any all-weather warm water port. Now after annexation of Crimea, Russia has one, in the the form of Port of Sevastopol, Crimea.Russia is the world’s biggest nuclear power, ahead of the US. Countries such as Syria, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Belarus, Armenia looks towards Russia for their protection. China is the world''''s second largest economy but apart from North Korea no country depends on China for their safety. Infact China relies on the China-Russia relationship to defy US.Russia has a huge reserve of oil/natural gas and minerals in its Siberian region, which is its insurance against any world-wide financial turmoil and also a confirms that its economy is largely self sufficient and doesn''''t depend on any external factors.Vladimir Putin is an alpha male and a prime example of strong man politics. Having a leader with such a strong persona, adds on to the strength of the nation.Finally, historically Russia was the superpower that the Europe and US feared of throughout the 20th century. This continues even to today. The foreign policies of US is largely influenced by its fear of Russia.
Kuntal Sarma, 热爱历史和地缘政治
俄罗斯是一个超级大国，因为它的行为举止就像一个超级大国，而许多国家要么依靠它来保护自己，要么依靠它来获取能源。
1.拉脱维亚、斯洛伐克、芬兰和爱沙尼亚100%依赖俄罗斯的石油。捷克共和国、保加利亚、立陶宛的石油和天然气80%来自俄罗斯，希腊、奥地利和匈牙利的石油和天然气60%来自俄罗斯。
2. 它是世界上陆军和空军第二发达的国家。唯一的缺点是，俄罗斯没有任何全天候的暖水港。在吞并克里米亚之后，俄罗斯有了一个克里米亚塞瓦斯托波尔港。
3. 俄罗斯是世界上最大的核大国，领先于美国。叙利亚、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、白俄罗斯、亚美尼亚等国向俄罗斯寻求保护。中国是世界第二大经济体，但除了朝鲜，没有哪个国家的安全依赖中国。事实上，中国依赖中俄关系来对抗美国。
Alex Ladov
upxed Jul 4, 2018
Mostly because of Mr. Putin. Russia had a chance to become as poor and deindustrialized as Ukraine, but this simple Russian man managed to change the course predicted by American friends and made Russia Great Again:
He also restored the old Soviet anthem. With just a change in lyrics, it became even better, though the music is still same and it guarantees that Russia will be powerful forever. Just listen and compare it with the American anthem. Warning! If you listen to it 10 times you may become a Russian spy:
主要是因为普京。
俄罗斯本来有机会变得像乌克兰一样贫穷和去工业化的，但这个俄罗斯人设法改变了美国朋友预测的进程，让俄罗斯再次变得伟大:（视频略）
他还恢复了旧的苏联国歌。歌词上的改变使它变得更好，尽管音乐仍然是一样的，它保证了俄罗斯将永远强大。听一听，把它和美国国歌比较一下。
警告!如果你听了10遍，你可能会成为一名俄罗斯间谍:（视频略）
Valentin Angelo Iseli
Apr 30, 2017 · 52 upvotes
I think Putin did help to grow the country in the 90ies( or maybe even until the Crimea Crisis), but then he pivoted to nationalism and interventionism, probably to distract from internal problems like absence of growth (maybe I do have the timing wrong with this point, due to falling oil prices, because the economy is not diversified enough), lack of representation of many groups and the demand for a better democracy (their perceived corruption index 2016 rated by Transparency international is lower than Honduras, Mexico, Malawi, Liberia, Mali and Ethiopia! Which means their people see it as more corrupt by indicators such as how many bribes they had to pay by year than the mentionned countries).
Russia as it is today probably won’t survive without him and the Russian people, especially the educated ones with dissident opinions, do suffer under him and his system. So I would not praise him for how he acts now. Similar to Erdogan, he did some good things in the beginning and became a huge problem later.
Now honestly, I think Russia is weakened and the interventions are mostly defensive of their sphere of influence (like Iran and Ukraine), which steadily receded, because the Russian system does not offer solutions to problems such as corruption and an undiversified economy.
They are still important, because they have nuclear warheads, oil production and a functioning army.
In the 90ies (before Crimea) I would have said Russia is still important, partially because of Putin, now I think Russia is still important partially despite of Putin.
我认为普京在90年代（甚至直到克里米亚危机）对俄罗斯的成长是有助益的（注：原文如此，但根据科普信息，普京是在叶利钦1999年12月31日突然辞职后担任的代总统）。
但随后他转向了民族主义和干涉主义，这可能是为了转移人们对国内问题的注意力，比如经济增长的匮乏(也许我在这一点上选错了，也可能是因为油价下跌，因为经济不够多样化)、许多团体缺乏代表性，要求更好的民主（透明国际2016年腐败指数，俄罗斯排名低于洪都拉斯、墨西哥、马拉维、利比里亚、马里和埃塞俄比亚。这意味着他们的人民认为它比提到的以上国家更腐败，比如他们每年要支付多少多少贿赂）。
如果没有普京，今天的俄罗斯可能无法生存。但俄罗斯人民，尤其是那些受过教育、持不同意见的人，在他和他的体制下受苦受难，所以我不会因为他现在的行为而赞美他。和埃尔多安一样，他一开始做了一些好事，后来却成了一个大问题。
老实说，我认为俄罗斯被削弱了，干预主要是为了保护其势力范围(如伊朗和乌克兰)，而这些势力范围正在稳步缩小，因为俄罗斯的体制没有为腐败和单一经济等问题提供解决方案。
俄罗斯仍然很重要，因为它们拥有核弹头、石油产量和一支正常运作的军队。
在90年代(克里米亚之前)，我会说俄罗斯仍然重要，部分是因为普京；现在我认为俄罗斯仍然重要，尽管有普京。
Alex Ladov
Original Author · Apr 30, 2017 · 32 upvotes
No, you got timing wrong. Russian economy was growing very fast till Ukrainian coup in 2014, after that he was forced to reunite Crimea (otherwise it would be American military base by now), then Americans (with help of their Saudi democratic friends) dropped oil and gas prices, Russian economy had an unexpectedly small recession after that as Russia is the biggest exporter of oil and gas, so it became necessary to restructure economy and make it more independent.
不，你选错时间了，俄罗斯经济增长非常迅速，直到2014年乌克兰政变。
他被迫重新统一克里米亚(否则现在它将成为美国的军事基地)，然后美国人(在他们的沙特“民主”朋友的帮助下)降低了石油和天然气价格。
由于俄罗斯是世界上最大的石油和天然气出口国，因此有必要调整经济结构，使其更加独立。
Valentin Angelo Iseli
May 4, 2017 · 1 upvote
I think you have some good points. Thank you, I’ll have to think about it.
我认为你有些地方说得很好。
谢谢，我得考虑一下。
Ana Flora
May 5, 2017 · 9 upvotes
Every autocrat counts on a strong Propaganda and fanaticism. I’m sure Putin has done excellent things for Russia, for he is a nationalist (although also a totalitarian). However, to me, with my Western outlook (derived from the Greek democracy that permeated our Western culture), I cannot accept and find any good in a country with no freedom. I do understand the Russians though, for they have an eternal tradition (and history) of bowing for autocrats.
每个统治者都依赖强有力的宣传和狂热。
我相信普京为俄罗斯做了很多好事，因为他是一个民族主义者(尽管也是一个极权主义者)。
然而，对我来说，以我的西方观点(源自于渗透进我们西方文化的希腊民主)，我无法接受，也无法在一个没有自由的国家找到任何好处。不过，我确实理解俄罗斯人，因为他们有向统治者鞠躬的永恒传统(和历史)。
Alex Ladov
Original Author · May 7, 2017 · 12 upvotes
We would gladly stop spending money on missiles if US removes all their military bases around Russia
That may be true but this is not a reason to lose what we already have. Californians are poor comparing to Swiss but they are also not in a rush to give up everything they have and mimic Swiss political system and economy.
Besides, we have not just lower incomes but lower prices too, so life is not that bad, especially after referendum and reunification of Crimea with its California-like sunny climate :)
（其回复者的留言已被删除）
如果美国撤除他们在俄罗斯周围的所有军事基地，我们会很乐意停止在导弹上花钱。
“加州没有石油或天然气，但经济产出比俄罗斯大。”
这也许是对的，但这并不是失去我们已经拥有的东西的理由。与瑞士人相比，加州人很穷，但他们也不急于放弃他们所拥有的一切，去模仿瑞士的政治制度和经济。
此外，我们不仅收入更低，物价也更低，所以生活并没有那么糟糕，尤其是克里米亚公投和再次统一之后，那里的明媚气候就跟加州一样。/笑
Christer ML Bendixen
May 10, 2017 · 2 upvotes
“We would gladly stop spending money on missiles if US removes all their military bases around Russia”
– I can believe that’s the attitude of the Russian people, but how do we know that Putin and the gang won’t seize the opportunity to engage in more foreign interventions?
“如果美国撤除他们在俄罗斯周围的所有军事基地，我们会很乐意停止在导弹上花钱。”
我相信这是俄罗斯人民的态度，但是我们怎么知道普京和他的团队不会抓住机会进行更多的外国干预呢?
Jet Genova
May 3, 2017 · 19 upvotes
Hahaha. Do you even know what your “American friends” were recommending? If Russia had done these things, it could have a real democracy, and diversified strong economy with multiple global companies like South Korea, Japan, or any Western European country by now who are rich without pumping oil. Did Putin liberate markets and fight corruption to spur business growth? No, he awarded all the industrial wealth of the country to a few individuals in his inner circle, to cement himself in the power seat. Russian economic growth exactly repeats the oil price growth. That''''s it. Big achievement.. in the meantime the well educated Russian population is underutilized and your brightest people run away overseas and use their talent to help build companies like Google and Apple.
哈哈哈哈哈，你是否知道你的“美国朋友”之前（给俄罗斯）推荐了什么吗?
如果俄罗斯做了这些事情，它可能会是一个真正的民主国家，一个多元化的强大经济体，拥有韩国、日本等那样的多个全球公司，或者像任何一个西欧国家，这些国家现在富裕了，不用开采石油。
普京解放了市场，打击了腐败，刺激了经济增长吗?不，他把这个国家所有的工业财富都给了他小圈子里的几个人，以巩固自己在权力宝座上的地位。
俄罗斯的经济增长不过是油价的增长导致的，仅此而已，多大成就啊。
与此同时，受过良好教育的俄罗斯人没有得到充分利用，你们最聪明的人逃到海外，用他们的才能帮助建立像谷歌和苹果这样的公司。
Alex Ladov
Original Author · May 4, 2017 · 9 upvotes
>If Russia had done these things, it could have a real democracy, and diversified strong economy
Like in Ukraine or Romania or Bulgaria? LOL.
I agree that US did something good for South Korea, Japan and Western Europe LONG TIME AGO. At that time America was really great, not anymore, now all real economy and real money is in China and Asia, and US is just trying to survive by leveraging their military power and huge borrowing. As for Russia, we already saw how their “help” works after Perestroika, we are lucky that Russia survived at all and was not converted into permanent war zone like Ukraine. By the way, their goal in Ukraine is total de-industrialization and reducing its population, US know that 80% of people in this semi-country speak Russian and will always treat it like enemy.
“如果俄罗斯做了这些事情，它可能会是一个真正的民主国家，一个多元化的强大经济体……”
或者最终会像乌克兰、罗马尼亚或保加利亚。哈哈哈哈
Alex Ladov
Original Author · May 4, 2017 · 7 upvotes
It is not just about corruption (which Russia fights quite well without western help). It is also about possibility to borrow. Average American has $200,000 debt. Most Western countries are in debt too albeit less than USA. Poland also borrowed and received lots of money from EU to improve their quality of life…. and still I doubt that average quality of life in Russia is worse considering lover prices for energy and gas.
Yes, Russia has oil. That was the reason why it was difficult to develop production of goods, it made sense just to drill and pump and buy everything else cheaper than local production. Now prices are lower but economy was not ruined at all, it was restructured and this year Russian economy is slowly growing again, unemployment is pretty low etc. Al in all, Russia is doing quite well even with lower oil prices.
这不仅仅是腐败问题(俄罗斯在没有西方帮助的情况下也能很好地打击腐败)。这还涉及到借款的可能性——（美国国债导致）美国人平均负债20万美元。大多数西方国家也有债务，尽管比美国少。波兰也从欧盟借了很多钱来改善他们的生活质量。考虑到能源和天然气的低廉价格，我仍然怀疑俄罗斯的平均生活质量是否更差。
是，俄罗斯有石油。这就是为什么很难发展商品生产，因为只有钻探、泵和购买一切比当地生产更便宜的东西才有意义。现在物价下降了，但经济并没有被摧毁，而是进行了重组，今年俄罗斯经济再次缓慢增长，失业率也很低。总的来说，即使油价下跌，俄罗斯也会运转得很好。
As for illusions about improving life in Ukraine by joining West… forget about it, Poland was the last country US used as an example to demonstrate advantage of Western block. They had money to help Poland 20 years ago. They don’t have money now to help others. They even have not enough money to sustain their current standard of life, West is slowly getting poorer and China is getting richer. Ukraine will be simply used to 1) hurt Russians in both Russia and Ukraine 2) to resolve demographic problems in EU, so all active young people will immigrate and never return (even Poland is suffering from that and hopes to replace immigrated workers with Ukrainian labor).
The Golden Age of Western prosperity is over. All they can do now is to exploit poor countries like Ukraine and Romania to resolve their own problems.
至于通过加入西方来改善乌克兰生活的幻想……算了吧，波兰是最后一个被美国用来展示西方阵营优势的国家了。20年前，他们有钱帮助波兰。但他们现在没钱去帮助别人了。他们甚至没有足够的钱来维持目前的生活水平，西方正慢慢变穷，而中国正变得越来越富有。
乌克兰未来能派上用场的地方：1. 伤害俄罗斯和乌克兰的俄罗斯人；2. 为了解决欧盟的人口问题，所有活跃的（乌克兰）年轻人都会移民，而且永远不会再回来(即使是波兰也在遭受移民之苦，希望用乌克兰劳工取代移民工人)。
西方繁荣的黄金时代已经结束，他们现在能做的就是利用乌克兰和罗马尼亚这样的穷国来解决他们自己的问题。
