近三年高考英語語法真題分類彙編:冠詞、名詞


近三年高考英語語法真題分類彙編:冠詞、名詞

2020年高考真題

1.(2020·新課標I卷語法填空)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.

【答案】interest

【解析】考查名詞。句意:月球背面讓科學家尤其感興趣。根據空前的形容詞particular可知,空處應填名詞,interest是不可數名詞,be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。

2.(2020·新課標I卷短文改錯)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.

【答案】將chopstick改為chopsticks

【解析】考查名詞複數。句意:下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗裡,然後用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數名詞,意為“筷子”,通常以複數形式出現,故將chopstick改為chopsticks。

3.(2020·新課標II卷語法填空)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

【答案】celebration

【解析】考查名詞。句意:中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a後接名詞形式。故填celebration。

4.(2020·新課標II卷短文改錯)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.

【答案】將vacations改為vacation

【解析】考查不可數名詞。句意:幸運的是,兩週後我就要回家過暑假。分析句子,vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數名詞,後面不可加s表示複數。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。

5. (2020·江蘇卷單項填空)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.

A. reservationB. transformationC. distinctionD. submission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:許多國家的衛生安全系統正在經歷重大變革。A. reservation預訂;B. transformation改革,變革;C. distinction區別;D. submission提交。根據前文The health security systems可知,此處指“衛生安全系統的變革”。故選B。

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2019年高考真題

1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.

A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:當今,旅行的重點從購物轉變成了品嚐美食和欣賞風景。A. priority優先;優先權;B. potential潛在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,佔比;D. pension退休金,撫卹金。故選A。

2.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.

A. statementB. impact

C. impressionD. judgment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經對我們的生活產生了強烈的影響。statement“陳述說明”;impact“強烈的影響,衝擊力”;impression“印象,感想”;judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。

3.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。

4【2019·新課標I卷·短文改錯】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.

【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.

【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這裡football第一次出現,故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個足球落在我前邊並且差點打到我。“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關係,不是轉折關係。故將but改為and。

5.【2019·新課標II卷·短文改錯】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. …

【答案】

Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different (1)I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so (2). Then, when I was in the (3) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher (4) much.

【解析】(1)考查名詞的數。“job(工作;職業)”為可數名詞,用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作,應該用名詞的複數形式。故將job改為jobs。

(2)考查形容詞的用法。句中的“looked(看起來…樣)”為系動詞,系動詞後需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。

(3)考查序數詞。年級、班級是按數字順序排列的,所以“在幾年級”中的數詞需要用序數詞。故將five改為fifth。

(4)考查副詞。句意:在五年級的時候,因為我非常喜歡我的英語老師,所以我想變成一名老師。“so much”在句中一般表達肯定意思,可與that連用表示“如此…以至於”。而“too much”表太多,一般與to搭配,表達否定意思“太…以至於不能…”。本句話表達肯定意思,非常so much 或very much,故將too改為very/so。

6.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。

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2018年高考真題

1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

A. advice B. order

C. possibility D. invitation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵科學家們去探索外部空間。A. advice建議;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀請。故選C。

【解題指導】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞和動詞及短語的考查是高考重點考查的知識點。本題語法上是一個同位語從句,從句that there is life on other planets in the universe是來解釋說明前面所選擇的名詞。根據常識可以判斷,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一種可能性,目前無法證明,從而選出正確答案。

2.【2018·江蘇】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.

A. assignment B. association

C. acquisition D. assumption

【答案】D

【解題指導】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞考查是高考重點考查的知識點。本題抓住句中的關鍵詞actually happening實際發生和instead of而不是,可知是假設,從而選出正確答案。

3. 【2018·新課標卷I·語法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).

【答案】causes

【解析】考查名詞複數。一項研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據句意用複數形式。故填causes。

4. 【2018·新課標卷I·短文改錯】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉下,故加定冠詞the。

【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉下,故加定冠詞the。

5. 【2018·新課標卷II·語法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠詞。句意:玉米產量在過去25年裡增長了近125%,而大米只

增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年裡。故填the。

6. 【2018·新課標卷III·語法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。

7. 【2018·新課標卷III·語法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

【答案】scientist

【解析】根據語境可知,我是一名科學家。scientist科學家。

8. 【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.

【答案】dishes

【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國菜,表示泛指應該用名詞複數,故填dishes。

8. 【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.

【答案】weight

【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問題,用名詞修飾problems,故填weight。


近三年高考英語語法真題分類彙編:冠詞、名詞


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