1987年7月11日，前南斯拉夫的一個嬰兒降生，被聯合國象徵性地認定為地球上第50億個人，這一天因此成為“世界50億人口日”。1990年，聯合國將每年的7月11日定為“世界人口日”。
“世界人口日”前一個月的6月11日為“中國人口日”。根據國家統計局數據，截至2017年底，中國大陸總人口已達13.9億，“14億人口日”正在向我們走來。
人口的變化與我們的生活有哪些關係呢？事實上，當你抱怨出門堵車、看病排隊的時候，作為社會一分子的你，正深切感受著人口發展帶來的壓力。
June 11 marks China Population Day, which is a month ahead of World Population Day on July 11 every year. The day seeks to raise awareness of population issues the country is facing.
According to data from the country's National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2017, the total population of China's mainland had reached 1.39 billion, with the “Day of 1.4 Billion” on the way.
1.新生兒 Newborn
2017年我國全年出生人口1723萬人，人口出生率為12.43‰。其中，“二孩”數量上升至883萬；“二孩”佔全部出生人口的比重達到51.2%。這是自2016年我國正式實施“全面二孩”生育政策以來，首次出現“二孩”出生數佔比超50%，並超過“一孩”出生數。
Statistics also show that some 17.23 million newborns were recorded nationwide last year, down by 630,000 compared with a year ago.
Yet despite the overall decline, the country saw more than 8.83 million babies born to families that already had one child. The proportion of babies born as a second child in 2017 rose to 51.2 percent — the highest since the 1980s, according to the figures.
2.老齡化 Aging population
全國老齡辦統計數據顯示，截至2017年底，我國60歲及以上老年人口達2.41億人，佔總人口的17.3%；預計到2050年前後，我國老年人口數將達到峰值4.87億，佔總人口的34.9%……中國是目前世界上唯一老年人口超過兩億的國家，“銀髮浪潮”帶來的“養老問題”將成為全社會的課題。
Statistics from China National Committee on Aging (CNCA) show that by the end of 2017, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China reached 241 million, accounting for 17.3 percent of the total population.
The number of senior citizens in China is expected to peak at 487 million by 2050, accounting for 34.9 percent of the population. China is currently the only country in the world with an elderly population of more than 200 million people.
3. 城市人口 Urban population
國家統計局數據顯示，截至2017年年末，我國城鎮常住人口突破8億，佔總人口比重（城鎮化率）為58.52%，比上年末提高1.17個百分點。專家認為，我國常住人口城鎮化率距離發達國家80%的平均水平還有差距，巨大的城鎮化潛力將為經濟發展持續釋放動能。
Statistics also show that by the end of 2017, the permanent urban population exceeded 800 million, and the proportion of the total population (urbanization rate) was 58.52 percent, an increase of 1.17 percentage points from the end of the previous year.
Experts believe that the urbanization rate of China’s permanent urban population is still far away from that in developed countries, which is 80 percent in average. But it means that there will be huge potential released from the process of urbanization, which is also beneficial to economic development.
4. 剩男剩女 Leftovers
根據國家衛計委家庭司編著的《中國家庭發展報告（2015）》，我國未婚男性多集中在農村地區，而未婚女性則多集中在城鎮地區。在一些貧困地區，一些大齡男性因擇偶困難，“被迫”未婚甚至終身不婚。而在30歲及以上的各個年齡組未婚人口中，城鎮未婚女性比例遠高於農村女性，主要是部分城鎮女性受教育程度和經濟獨立性較高，因追求自我價值的實現和職業發展而推遲結婚。
According to the report released in 2015 by the former National Health and Family Planning Commission, most unmarried men in China live in rural areas, while unmarried women are in urban areas.
Considering the gaps between urban and rural areas in China, the report also points out in some impoverished areas, some men are even “forced” to remain unmarried for life. But as for the group of 30 years old and above, the proportion of unmarried women in urban areas is much higher than that their counterparts in rural areas. The main reason is that with higher levels of education and economic independence, women living in urban areas may postpone marriage to pursue career development.
5.離婚人口 Divorced population
民政部《2016年社會服務發展統計公報》數據顯示，2016年辦理結婚登記1142.8萬對，比上年下降6.7%，結婚率為8.3‰。25-29歲辦理結婚人數最多。2016年辦理離婚手續的共有415.8萬對，離婚率為3.0‰。自2002年以來，我國離婚人數已經連續15年增長。相關統計顯示，80後為離婚主力人群。
According to statistics from Ministry of Civil Affairs, 11.428 million couples registered for marriage in 2016, a 6.7 percent decrease from the previous year, and the marriage rate was 8.3 per thousand.
In the same year, a total of 4.158 million couples filed for divorce, indicating a divorce rate of 3.0 per thousand. The number of divorces in China has increased for 15 consecutive years since 2002. The post-80s generation has the highest divorce rate.
6.抑鬱症 Depression
2017年世界衛生組織報告顯示，中國有超過5400萬人患有抑鬱症，患病率為4.2%。高發人群包括：處於人生青春期、更年期、老年期階段的人群；人際關係不良、分居、獨居的人群；處於高度壓力的人群；患有軀體疾病或慢性疾病的人等。隨著社會經濟快速發展，工作、生活壓力不斷加劇，在中國，職業人群逐步成為抑鬱症發病的重災區。
The World Health Organization estimates that 322 million people of all ages suffer from depression in the world. According to a WHO report released in 2017, more than 54 million people (4.2% of the population) in China suffer from depression.
The findings also suggest that major depressive disorders are positively associated with poor interpersonal relationship, stressful life, as well as physical and mental disease.
As the pressure from work and life keeps growing in China, the prevalence of depression in professionals are reportedly high.
7.近視眼 Myopia boom
根據國家衛生健康委在今年全國愛眼日上發佈的消息，我國近視患病人數超過4.5億人，已居世界首位。青少年是發病主體，呈現發病早，進展快，程度深的特徵。其中，小學生近視發病率約為30%，大學生約為90%。在誘發近視的三大因素（遺傳、環境和營養）中，環境因素作用更大。不良光線、姿勢不正確、用眼時間太長等，都會在一定程度上誘發近視。
More than 450 million Chinese suffer from myopia (shortsightedness), according to statistics made public this month.
The myopia rates are around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior middle-school students, 80 percent for senior high middle-school students, and 90 percent for college students. Chinese are suffering myopia at an earlier age with higher diopters, and the population of myopia sufferers keeps growing.
8. 公務員 Civil servants
1994年，我國的公務員考錄製度正式建立。根據《2015年人力資源與社會保障事業發展統計公報》，截至2015年底，全國共有公務員716.7萬人。
2018年度國家公務員考試報名，共有165.97萬人通過用人單位的資格審查，通過資格審查人數與錄用計劃數之比為58：1。
According to statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of candidates taking the National Public Servant Exam in China reached a seven-year high in 2018.
More than 120 central authorities and their agencies plan to recruit 28,500 people, while a total of 1,659,700 people passed the qualification examination, meaning they can take the exam. The ratio of qualified candidates to hired candidates is about 58:1.
9. 歪果仁 Foreigners in China
教育部數據顯示，2017年，共有48.92萬名來自204個國家和地區的各類外國留學人員在我國高等院校學習，規模增速連續兩年保持在10%以上，中國已成為亞洲最大留學目的國。
隨著越來越多的外籍人士來華求學、就業、定居、發展，外國人永久居留制度也在不斷完善。
自2018年4月掛牌成立以來，國家移民管理局實施優化外國人申請永久居留審核流程，兩個月內共批准1881名符合條件的外籍人士在華永久居留，相當於2017年全年審批總量。
According to the official figures released by the Ministry of Education, more than 489,200 international students furthered their studies in China in 2017, an increase of over 10 percent for the second consecutive year, making China the biggest Asian country for oversea students.
China's State Immigration Administration (SIA) formally began operation on April 2. Since then, 1,881 foreigners have received their Chinese green cards over the last two months thanks to the optimization of the application process. The number is equivalent to the total number issued in 2017.
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