宋代耀州窯瓷器：
經過前面幾個章節，我們已經在腦海裡形成了一個“南青北白”的慣性思維，認為北方一定燒白瓷，南方一定燒青瓷，其實不然。我們要明白一個道理，瓷器的發展本來就是由青到白的一個過程，然後再在白的基礎上發展各種各樣的創新品種。這樣一來，我們就明白，不管南方北方，最開始的時候一定是燒製青瓷的。而宋代的耀州窯就是北方青瓷之中最著名的窯口。
耀州窯窯址位於今陝西銅川，宋屬耀州，故名。其核心窯廠位於銅川黃堡鎮，所以也有稱之為黃堡窯的。我之前就說過在民窯的“八大窯系”裡面我們所說的每一個窯都不是一個單一的窯口，而是以那個為主要窯口的一片地方所生產的相類似的瓷器組成的一個系統。宋代耀州窯瓷器鑑定要抓住其最主要的特點：如冰似翠的釉色，鬼斧神工的雕工。
一、宋代耀州窯瓷器胎體
1、胎質：胎中含鐵粉，燒後底足有褐色小斑塊，胎質堅硬，胎體較薄。
2、胎色：主要灰白色
二、宋代耀州窯瓷器釉質
1、釉質：有縮釉現象，故有些瓷器有縮釉漏胎的褐斑。施釉上部厚，下部薄。
2、釉色：總體青中閃黃，年代越晚黃色越明顯。
三、宋代耀州窯瓷器器型
產品豐富，主要器型有：盤、碗、杯、碟、瓶、壺、罐、香薰。注壺。注碗、缽、燈、枕等。
四、宋代耀州窯瓷器紋飾
耀州窯最有特點就是其裝飾工藝，真可謂“精雕細琢”。
1、裝飾方法：刻花、印花、劃花、模印、堆塑等。以刻、印為主、
2、紋飾紋樣：纏枝蓮、牡丹、把蓮、纏枝菊、飛鶴、波浪、飛蛾、博古、蓮塘戲鴨、龍鳳、嬰戲、鴛鴦、飛天等。
宋代耀州窯瓷器鑑定的時候要注意和唐代越窯瓷器的區別，他們很像，但通過對比器型和紋飾還是可以加以區別的。
耀州窯刻花斗笠碗
碗形周正，薄唇口微微內斂，斜弧璧，淺腹，碗心內凹，矮圈足，足底一圈澀胎，足心微凸。碗內口沿下方一釐米處陰刻弦紋一週，其下以刻劃花工藝裝飾折枝牡丹紋。花朵豐滿富貴，枝葉舒捲婀娜，佈局有致，繁而不亂。匠師先以工具垂直刻出紋樣的輪廓線，再在輪廓線旁用刀具斜刻，將直刻和斜刻後夾在刀痕中間的地子剔掉，形成一個小的斜刻面，使紋樣微凸具立體感。又以篦狀工具細劃出花葉及花瓣脈絡，紋飾更加具象生動。施釉燒成後，紋飾愈加清晰，層次分明，濃淡相間。外壁刻劃細線紋，由脛部向口沿呈放射狀，一說為菊瓣紋。
此碗裹足滿釉，足端刮釉，入窯墊圈裝燒。足內、足端見深薑黃色斑塊，是為胎中含鐵，在煤窯自然氧化氣氛下燒成所致，釉薄而顯現。釉色青中閃黃，為耀州窯成熟期髮色特徵，釉面光潤，釉層勻淨，見開片。整器造型規整，紋飾富貴吉祥，刻劃線條剛勁流暢，刀鋒犀利，鏟剔自如，深淺有致，工藝精湛，乃耀州窯鼎盛時期刻劃花工藝代表作。
成績記錄：
The song dynasty kiln porcelain yao state:
After the first few chapters, we have in mind has created a "south green northern white" inertial thinking, think that the north must burn white porcelain, the south must burn celadon, actually otherwise.We want to understand a truth, China's development is a process of from black to white, then in white on the basis of the development of all kinds of varieties of innovation.In this way, we knew that, regardless of the south north, in the beginning must be firing celadon.And the song dynasty yao state kiln is one of the most famous of the northern celadon kiln mouth.
Yao state kiln site is located in shaanxi tongchuan today, song yao state, so the name.The core of which is located in tongchuan huang town, so there are called yellow fort kiln.I said before the people of kiln "eight big kiln system" in what we call each kiln is not a single kiln mouth, but in the an area as the main kiln mouth of a system composed of similar porcelain.Song dynasty yao state kiln porcelain appraisal should seize its main characteristics: such as like cui glaze of ice, carver creations.
A tire body, song dynasty yao state kiln porcelain
1, TaiZhi: tire iron powder, has brown small patches after burn, TaiZhi hard, tire body is thinner.
2, color: the gray
Second, the song dynasty yao state kiln porcelain enamel
1, enamel: a shrinkage phenomenon of glaze, so some porcelain has glaze fetal leakage of brown spots.Glazing thick upper and lower part.
2, glaze color: overall green flash yellow, in the late s yellow.
Three, song dynasty yao state kiln porcelain ware
Products rich, the main shape: plate, bowl, cup, dish, bottles, POTS, cans, aromatherapy.Note the pot.Note bowl, bowl, lamp, pillow, etc.
Four, the song dynasty yao state kiln porcelain decorative design in a utensil
Yao state kiln is the most characteristic is the decoration process, has been "carved".
1, decoration methods: hand-cut, printing, scratching, stamps, pile and plastic, etc.Give priority to with engraved, printed,
2, decorative pattern: lotus flower, peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, flying crane, waves, moths, antique, lotus pond, longfeng, baby duck play play, yuanyang, flying, and so on.
Song dynasty when yao state kiln porcelain appraisal should pay attention to the difference and the kiln porcelain in the tang dynasty, they are like, but by comparing the shape and decorative pattern still can be the difference between.
Bowl that week, his thin mouth inside collect, slightly inclined arc wall, shallow abdomen, heart concave bowl, short ring foot, one foot acerbity, core convex.Bowl mouth along a cm below intaglio string lines for a week, below to characterize the flower craft decoration fold branch peony grains.Flower plump riches and honour, branches and leaves back and forth graceful, layout, numerous and not random.Patterns of the craftsman first engraved with the tools vertical contour line, again by the contour line with cutting tool Angle, straight is engraved and inclined moment caught in the middle of the scar after take off, forming a small inclined facet, make the grain appearance slightly convex stereo feeling.With grate shape tool into fine Mosaic and petal venation, grain more figurative and vivid.Glazing after firing, grain became clear, distinct, and shade.Outer wall carves fine lines, by the shins, to his mouth along the radiated, said today (Monday) for chrysanthemum petals.
This bowl of bound feet with glaze, foot end glaze, washer is installed into the kiln to burn.Foot, foot end see deep ginger plaques, is to tire iron, in mines under oxidizing atmosphere caused by burning nature, glaze thin and clear.Flash yellow glaze green, to state kiln mature hair color characteristics, glaze, glaze layer even, see open.The whole modelling neat, decorative auspicious riches and honor, score line stiffness is fluent, the blade sharp and shovel take freely, depth, exquisite workmanship, but yao state kiln peak curve technology by representative works.
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