英語的非謂語動名比較

分詞的時態和語態

1、現在分詞的一般式：

一般式表示動作與主句謂語動詞的動作同時發生。

①、He came to visit me, bringing his wife with him.

他來看我時，隨同帶來了他妻子。(句中兩個動作同時發生)

②、Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears.

聽到這個壞消息時，她放聲大哭。(句中兩個動作幾乎同時發生)

2、現在分詞的完成式

完成式表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞動作之前，常用作狀語。

①、 Having finished her work, she went home.

作業寫好後，她才回家。（finish 這個動作發生在 go之前，也就是說是先做好了作業，回家這個動作才發生。）

After she had finished her work , she went home

②、Having worked in the fields for two hours, they took a rest.

在田裡勞動了兩個小時後，他們才休息。

（work 這個動作先發生，勞動過後才休息；即先勞動，後take a rest，）

After they had worked in the fields for tow hours, they took a rest

3、現在分詞的語態

現在分詞的一般式被動表示的是在進行的這個動作屬於被動，現在分詞的完成時被動語態，更強調時間的先後順序；而過去分詞一般表示狀態。例如：

現在分詞表示主動或進行 ---- 現在分詞的被動

過去分詞表示被動或完成

①、Being treated in the hospital, the worker didn’t go home (現在分詞的被動)

②、Having been treated, the worker went home. （現在分詞完成式被動）

③、treated, the worker went home. （過去分詞）

第一句話強調動作在發生；第二句話強調的是時間，說的是治療後才回的家；第三句話強調是經過治療後的狀態。

①Knowing that he won the match , he threw the cap into the sky

②Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.

③Known as a great man , he doesn’t want to say anything to the reporter

④Being known as a great man, he doesn’t want to say anything to the reporter

⑤Having been known as a great man , he doesn’t want to say anything to the reporter

①、The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.

②、The entertainment building having been built will be completed next year

③、The entertainment building built will be decorated next year

動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞的時態和語態比較

不定式：

1) 一般時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之後。

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見到你。

I wish to be sent to work in the country.

2) 進行時： 表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

He seems to be eating something. 特別強調一種同時發生的情景

3) 完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

The book is known to have been written by Mr.Smith

4) 完成進行時： 動詞從過去一直持續到現在，還會繼續持續下去

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

動名詞：

1）一般式：無特別的強調

I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說話。

2）I don’t like being laughedat in public

完成式：表示動作發生在謂語動詞之前，但在多數情況下都避免使用動名詞完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。除非特別強調動作的前後順序。

3）I don’t remember having met him before.

I don’t remember meeting him before

4）I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal

現在分詞：

1、現在分詞的一般式：

一般式表示動作與主句謂語動詞動作同時發生。

1、He came to visit me, bringing his wife with him.

2、Being treated in the hospital, the worker didn’t go home (現在分詞的被動)

2、現在分詞的完成式

完成式表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前，常用作狀語。

Having worked in the fields for two hours, they took a rest.

Having been treated, the worker went home. （現在分詞完成式被動）

過去分詞：表示完成或被動

treated, the worker went home.

動名詞能做主語、表語、賓語，介詞賓語，定語，賓語補語

分詞能做表語，定語，狀語，賓語補語

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