John McCain
War Hero
Senator
Presidential Contender
Dies at 81
John S. McCain, the proud naval aviator who climbed from depths of despair as a prisoner of war in Vietnam to pinnacles of power as a Republican congressman and senator from Arizona and a two-time contender for the presidency, died on Saturday at his home in Arizona. He was 81.
自豪的海軍飛行員、從人生谷底的一名越南戰俘擢升為亞利桑那州共和黨聯邦眾議員和參議員並兩度競選總統的約翰·麥凱恩，週六在亞利桑那州家中去世，享年81歲。
According to a statement from his office, Mr. McCain died at 4:28 p.m. local time. He had suffered from a malignant brain tumor, called a glioblastoma, for which he had been treated periodically with radiation and chemotherapy since its discovery in 2017.
他的辦公室發佈聲明說，麥凱恩先生當地時間下午4點28分去世。他患有一種被稱為“惡性膠質瘤”的惡性腦瘤，2017年發現以來，定期採用放療和化療方法治療。
Despite his grave condition, he soon made a dramatic appearance in the Senate to cast a thumbs-down vote against his party’s drive to repeal the Affordable Care Act. But while he was unable to be in the Senate for a vote on the Republican tax bill in December, his endorsement was crucial, though not decisive, in the Trump administration’s lone legislative triumph of the year.
儘管健康情況惡化，他很快戲劇性地出現在參議院，投票反對本黨取消《奧巴馬醫保》法案的動議。12月，儘管他無法現身參議院投票支持共和黨減稅法案，但他的支持對特朗普政府當年的立法勝局至關重要，即便並非決定性的。
A son and grandson of four-star admirals who were his larger-than-life heroes, Mr. McCain carried his renowned name into battle and into political fights for more than a half-century. It was an odyssey driven by raw ambition, the conservative instincts of a shrewd military man, a rebelliousness evident since childhood and a temper that sometimes bordered on explosiveness.
他的祖父和父親都是四星上將，他們是麥凱恩心中的傳奇，半個世紀中，麥凱恩將大名鼎鼎的家族姓氏帶上戰場，帶入政壇的廝殺。驅使他漫漫求索是赤裸裸的野心、精明軍人的保守主義本能、兒時就顯而易見的叛逆和有時幾乎接近要爆炸的脾氣。
Nowhere were those traits more manifest than in Vietnam, where he was stripped of all but his character. He boiled over in foul curses at his captors. Because his father was the commander of all American forces in the Pacific during most of his five and a half years of captivity, Mr. McCain, a Navy lieutenant commander, became the most famous prisoner of the war, a victim of horrendous torture and a tool of enemy propagandists.
這些秉性在越南體現得淋漓盡致，他被剝奪了一切，除了他的性格。他破口大罵將他抓獲的敵人。被囚五年半期間，他的父親是太平洋美軍總司令，海軍少校麥凱恩先生成為最著名的戰犯，他遭受了駭人的虐待，成為了地方宣傳的工具。
Shot down over Hanoi, suffering broken arms and a shattered leg, he was subjected to solitary confinement for two years and beaten frequently. Often he was suspended by ropes lashing his arms behind him. He attempted suicide twice. His weight fell to 105 pounds. He rejected early release to keep his honor and to avoid an enemy propaganda coup or risk demoralizing his fellow prisoners.
他在河內中槍，雙臂骨折，一條腿被炸爛，被幽禁2年，多次被打。他經常被反捆著吊起來。他兩次嘗試自殺。他的體重降到105磅。為保名譽，他拒絕被提前釋放，拒絕為敵人做宣傳或是削弱獄友的鬥志。
He finally cracked under torture and signed a “confession.” No one believed it, although he felt the burden of betraying his country. To millions of Americans, Mr. McCain was the embodiment of courage: a war hero who came home on crutches, psychologically scarred and broken in body, but not in spirit. He underwent long medical treatments and rehabilitation, but was left permanently disabled, unable to raise his arms over his head. Someone had to comb his hair.
他最終在酷刑下崩潰，簽下了“認罪書”。雖然沒人相信那種認罪，可他還是感覺到背叛祖國的重壓。對百上千萬美國人而言，麥凱恩先生是勇氣的化身：拄著雙柺回到祖國的戰爭英雄，他身心受創，但精神依然。他接受了長期的治療和康復，但終身殘疾，雙手舉不過頭，必須別人幫他梳頭。
His mother, Roberta McCain inspired his political career. After retiring from the Navy and settling in Arizona, he won two terms in the House of Representatives, from 1983 to 1987, and six in the Senate. He was a Reagan Republican to start with, but later moved right or left, a maverick who defied his party’s leaders and compromised with Democrats.
他的母親羅伯塔·麥凱恩鼓勵他從政。從海軍退休定居在亞利桑那州後，他在1983年到1987年間兩度連任眾議員，並6度連任參議員。他一開始是支持里根的共和黨人，後來或左或右，反對本黨領導人，與民主黨人達成妥協，不走尋常路。
He lost the 2000 Republican presidential nomination to George W. Bush, who won the White House.
他2000年在共和黨總統提名競選中敗給小布什，後者最終入主白宮。
In 2008, against the backdrop of a growing financial crisis, Mr. McCain made the most daring move of his political career, seeking the presidency against the first major-party African-American nominee, Barack Obama. With national name recognition, a record for campaign finance reform and a reputation for candor — his campaign bus was called the Straight Talk Express — Mr. McCain won a series of primary elections and captured the Republican nomination.
2008年，在金融危機日益嚴重的背景下，麥凱恩先生做出他政治生涯中最大膽的舉動，與第一個主要政黨的非裔美國總統提名人貝拉克·奧巴馬對陣競選總統。他在美國家喻戶曉，進行了大選籌款改革並以真誠著稱，他的競選大巴被稱為“直言特快”，麥凱恩先生拿下初選，成為共和黨提名人。
But his selection of Gov. Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate, although meant to be seen as a bold, unconventional move in keeping with his maverick’s reputation, proved a severe handicap. She was the second female major-party nominee for vice president (and the first Republican), but voters worried about her qualifications to serve as president, and about Mr. McCain’s age — he would be 72, the oldest person ever to take the White House.
但他選擇阿拉斯加州長薩拉·佩琳作為競選搭檔成了嚴重失誤，儘管本意是做出大膽、非傳統的舉動，保持他刺頭的聲譽。她是主要政黨第二個女性副總統提名人（第一個共和黨女性副總統提名人），但選民擔心她是否具有擔任總統的資質，畢竟麥凱恩先生已經72歲了，如果進入白宮，將是最年邁的總統。
In a 2018 memoir, “The Restless Wave: Good Times, Just Causes, Great Fights and Other Appreciations,” he defended Ms. Palin’s campaign performance, but expressed regret that he had not instead chosen Senator Joseph I. Lieberman, a Democrat-turned-independent.
2008年的回憶錄《The Restless Wave》一書中，麥凱恩力挺佩林的競選表現，但後悔自己沒有選擇曾經是民主黨的獨立人士參議員約瑟夫·利伯曼。
At some McCain rallies, vitriolic crowds disparaged black people and Muslims, and when a woman said she did not trust Mr. Obama because “he’s an Arab,” Mr. McCain, in one of the most lauded moments of his campaign, replied: “No, ma’am. He’s a decent family man, a citizen that I just happen to have disagreements with on fundamental issues.”
在麥凱恩的某些集會上，刻薄的群眾詆譭黑人和穆斯林，當一名婦女說他不信任奧巴馬，因為“他是個阿拉伯人”時，麥凱恩先生回答：“不，女士，他是一個體面、顧家的男人，是一名公民，只是恰好在一些核心問題上，我和他意見不同。”這被當做大選期間最為人稱道時刻之一。
Analysts later said that Mr. Obama had engineered a nearly perfect campaign. And Mr. McCain confronted a hostile political environment for Republicans, who were dragged down by President George W. Bush’s dismal approval ratings amid the economic crisis and an unpopular war in Iraq.
後來分析人士說，奧巴馬先生的選戰堪稱完美。麥凱恩先生面對著不利於共和黨人的政治環境：小布什總統糟糕的支持率、經濟危機和在伊拉克不得人心的戰爭拖了後腿。
On Election Day, Mr. McCain lost most of the battleground states and some that were traditionally Republican. Mr. Obama won with 53 percent of the popular vote to Mr. McCain’s 46 percent, and 365 Electoral College votes to Mr. McCain’s 173.
大選日當天，麥凱恩在輸掉了多數關鍵州，有些州一直是共和黨的地盤。奧巴馬先生獲得53%的普選票，麥凱恩先生獲得46%，奧巴馬先生的選舉團票是365張，麥凱恩先生171張。
“Few of us have been tested the way John once was, or required to show the kind of courage that he did,” Mr. Obama said Saturday. “But all of us can aspire to the courage to put the greater good above our own. At John’s best, he showed us what that means.”
“我們很少有人經歷過約翰那樣的考驗，或有機會表現出他那種勇氣，”奧巴馬週六說。“但我們所有人都渴望那種勇氣，舍小家為大家。約翰最可貴之處在於，他向我們展示了那意味著什麼。”
Returning to his Senate duties, the resilient Mr. McCain moved to the right politically to fend off a Tea Party challenge to his 2010 re-election. He voted against the Affordable Care Act, Mr. Obama’s signature health care plan, which became law in 2010. He endorsed Mitt Romney’s losing Republican bid for the presidency in 2012.
回到參議院，頑強的麥凱恩先生在政治上開始右傾，旨在抵擋茶黨對他2010年再次當選參議員的挑戰。他投票反對奧巴馬醫保法案，該法案2010年通過。他支持米特·羅姆尼2012年競選總統，但羅姆尼最終失利。
But while he was a persistent and outspoken critic of the Obama administration, Mr. McCain had by 2013 become a pivotal figure in the Senate, meeting with Mr. Obama and occasionally fashioning deals with him. He joined a bipartisan group of senators, known as the Gang of Eight, that sought compromises on comprehensive immigration reform.
然而，長期直言不諱地批評奧巴馬政府的麥凱恩先生到2013年已經成為參議院的核心人物，他與奧巴馬先生會面，有時還和他達成交易。他加入參議員兩黨集團“八人幫”，尋求在徹底移民改革問題上達成妥協。
“When Mr. McCain is with the president — on immigration and in brokering the recent deal to secure Senate approval of stalled Obama nominees — they can usually trump the political right,” The New York Times said in a 2013 news analysis.
“當麥凱恩和總統站在一起時——在移民問題上，他斡旋參議院通過被擱淺的奧巴馬提名人——他們通常能戰勝右翼，”《紐約時報》2013年一篇新聞分析說。
“When he is against him — sabotaging Mr. Obama’s plan last year to nominate Susan E. Rice as secretary of state — the White House rarely prevails.”
“當麥凱恩反對奧巴馬——去年破壞奧巴馬提名蘇珊·賴斯擔任國務卿——白宮就很難取勝了。”
As Congress reconvened in January 2015 with Republicans in control of the Senate, Mr. McCain achieved his longtime goal to become chairman of the Armed Services Committee, with the power to advance his national security and fiscal objectives under a $600 billion military policy bill. He considered the post second only to occupying the White House as commander in chief.
國會2015年重開時，共和黨控制了參議院，麥凱恩先生實現了他長期的目標，成為軍事委員會主席，該委員會有權推動6000億軍事政策法案下的國防和財政目標。他認為這一職位權力僅次於白宮裡的三軍總司令。
With the rise of Donald J. Trump, the Republican flame thrower who steered American politics sharply to the right after his election in 2016 as the nation’s 45th president, Mr. McCain was one of the few powerful Republican voices in Congress to push back against Mr. Trump’s often harsh, provocative statements and Twitter posts and his tide of changes.
2016年大選後成為美國第45任總統的唐納德·特朗普崛起後，這位噴著火的共和黨人將美國政治急劇推向右翼，麥凱恩先生是國會中為數不多的共和黨聲音，有力反對特朗普先生刺耳和挑戰性的言論、推文以及變革潮流。
In his end-of-life memoir, Mr. McCain scorned Mr. Trump’s seeming admiration for autocrats and disdain for refugees. “He seems uninterested in the moral character of world leaders and their regimes,” he wrote of the president. “The appearance of toughness or a reality show facsimile of toughness seems to matter more than any of our values. Flattery secures his friendship, criticism his enmity.”
在生命晚期撰寫的回憶錄中，麥凱恩先生嘲笑了特朗普先生看起來對獨裁者的仰慕和對難民的鄙視。“他貌似對世界領導人和其政體的道德水平不感興趣，”他這樣形容總統。“表面強硬或真人秀模仿出來的強硬貌似比我們的價值更重要。溜鬚拍馬者得寵，直言不諱者遭貶。”
Long before Mr. Trump was criticized as setting new lows for public discourse, Mr. McCain himself had used coarse language and blunt insults, although they were far less assertive, and he often used them in jest. He called Secretary of State John Kerry, a Democrat, “a human wrecking ball,” and the right-wing Republican Senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Rand Paul of Kentucky “wacko birds.”
早在特朗普先生被批判創造了公共話語水平的新低前，麥凱恩先生本人也曾出言不遜，儘管沒那麼武斷，他常常用開玩笑地方式表達。他說國務卿、民主黨人約翰·克里是“人類破拆球”，他說右翼得克薩斯共和黨參議員泰德·克魯茲和肯塔基參議員蘭德·保爾是“笨鳥”。
Personal animus between Mr. McCain and Mr. Trump arose in the Republican presidential primaries in 2016. After months of boasts by Trump about his wealth, celebrity and deal-making as qualifications for the White House, and his dismissive dismissive characterizations of climate change as “a hoax” and the Iraq war as “a mistake,” Mr. McCain and Mr. Romney, with standing as the previous two Republican presidential nominees, denounced Mr. Trump as unfit for the presidency.
麥凱恩先生和特朗普先生個人之見的嫌隙開始於2016年總統初選。特朗普幾個月來吹噓自己有錢、有名、有手段，認為這些是做總統的資質，他將氣候變化貶斥為“騙局”，將伊拉克戰爭說成“錯誤”，前兩個共和黨總統競選人麥凱恩先生和羅姆尼先生譴責特朗普先生不適合擔任總統。
Saying Mr. Trump had neither the temperament nor the judgment for the White House, Mr. McCain and Mr. Romney called him ignorant on foreign policy and said he had made “dangerous” statements on national security. They warned that his election might imperil the United States and its democratic systems.
麥凱恩先生和羅姆尼先生說特朗普先生秉性和智商都不適合在白宮幹，認為他對外交一無所知，表示他對國家安全發表“危險”言論。他們警告說，他當選可能禍害美國及其民主體制。
In a venomous response, Mr. Trump denigrated Mr. Romney as a “failed candidate” and “a loser” beaten by Mr. Obama. He had little to say about Mr. McCain. But months earlier, Mr. Trump, who had never served in the military (or held public office) had derided Mr. McCain as a bogus war hero and made light of his years of captivity and torture.
特朗普先生惡言相對，貶低羅姆尼先生為“失敗的候選人”和被奧巴馬先生擊敗的“失敗者”，他沒怎麼提到麥凱恩先生。但幾個月前，從沒服過兵役（或擔任公職）的特朗普先生嘲笑麥凱恩先生是假戰鬥英雄，貶低他被囚受虐的歲月。
“He’s a war hero because he was captured,” Mr. Trump said. “I like people who weren’t captured.”
“他是戰鬥英雄，因為他被抓了，”特朗普說。“我喜歡那些沒被抓的人。”
Mr. McCain held his fire. But the nation was shocked. An avalanche of denunciations tumbled from editorial boards and political leaders, but the outrage faded into the tapestry of Mr. Trump’s provocations against Mexicans, Muslims, women and black and Hispanic people. Trump supporters, who were mostly white, said his biases showed a refreshing willingness to disregard political correctness.
麥凱恩先生忍住沒發火，但國家震驚了。社評和政治領導人批評如潮，但怒火漸漸平息下來，因為特朗普先生開始挑釁墨西哥人、穆斯林、女人、黑人和拉美裔。特朗普的支持者主要是白人，他們認為他的偏見反映出無視政治正確的意願。
On Saturday night, Mr. Trump expressed his sympathies and respect for Mr. McCain’s family, but refrained from commenting on the senator himself.
週六晚間，特朗普先生對麥凱恩先生的家人表示同情和敬意，但沒有對參議員本人做出評價。
A No-Show in Cleveland
As the Trump juggernaut rolled on, Mr. McCain, campaigning for re-election to his sixth six-year term, did not attend the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, but said he would support his party’s nominee. (Mr. McCain withdrew that support months later after a recording surfaced exposing lewd comments about women by Mr. Trump, who bragged that his celebrity allowed him to grope them.)
儘管中的特朗普不斷胡作非為，謀求第六次任六年參議員的麥凱恩先生沒有參加克利夫蘭的共和黨全國大會，但他表示他會支持本黨提名人。（數月後麥凱恩先生撤回支持，因為一段音頻曝光了特朗普先生對女人的下流言論，吹噓自己的名譽可以讓他摸她們。）
Days after the Democrats nominated Hillary Clinton as the first major-party female candidate for the presidency, Mr. McCain rebuked Mr. Trump for his comments about the family of a Muslim Army captain killed by a suicide bomber as he tried to save fellow American troops in Iraq in 2004.
民主黨人提名希拉里·克林頓成為主要黨派第一個女性總統候選人數天後，麥凱恩先生指責特朗普對一名穆斯林陸軍上尉家人的言論，這名軍人2004年在伊拉克為了救美國戰友被自殺性炸彈炸死。
Given the podium at the Democratic convention, Khizr Khan, the father of the captain, Humayun Khan, had denounced Mr. Trump for suggesting that Muslims harbored terrorist sympathies. With his wife, Ghazala, at his side, the father held up a pocket-size copy of the Constitution and asked if Mr. Trump had read it.
在民主黨大會講壇上，上尉胡馬雍·汗的父親希茲裡·汗譴責特朗普先生認為穆斯林同情恐怖主義。和妻子加扎拉站在一起，這名父親手持一本美國憲法口袋書，問特朗普先生是否讀過。
In response, Mr. Trump belittled the parents, saying the soldier’s father had delivered the speech because his wife had not been “allowed” to speak. His implication, that Mrs. Khan had not spoken because of female subservience in some strains of Islam, drew widespread condemnation, led on Capitol Hill by Senator McCain.
特朗普輕視這對父母，表示士兵的父親發表演講，原因是妻子“不允許”講話。他的意思是汗女士沒有說話，原因是某些伊斯蘭教派中的女性低人一等，這招致國會山在參議員麥凱恩的領導下給予廣泛的譴責。
“While our party has bestowed upon him the nomination, it is not accompanied by unfettered license to defame those who are the best among us,” Mr. McCain said. “I challenge the nominee to set the example for what our country can and should represent.”
“我黨賜予了他提名人資格，這並不意味著一種無拘無束的許可，任由他詆譭那些最優秀的人民，”麥凱恩說。“我對提名人提出挑戰，為我們國家能夠以及應該體現的價值樹立典範。”
Soon after Mr. McCain’s statement, other Republican senators offered their own condemnations. In ensuing days, as outrage over the Trump remarks spread, Mr. Trump told his Twitter followers that Mr. Khan had “no right” to “viciously” attack him.
麥凱恩發表聲明後不久，其他共和黨參議員也表達了各自的譴責。接下來幾天，對特朗普的怒火蔓延開來，特朗普對推特關注者說，汗先生“沒有權力”“惡毒”攻擊他。
Seemingly impervious to criticism of any kind, Mr. Trump, who had easily won nomination, turned his guns on Mrs. Clinton. After a bruising campaign laden with Trump falsehoods and scurrilous innuendo, he defeated her in the general election, losing the popular vote by nearly three million but winning in the Electoral College. After the election, Mr. McCain, determined to let the new administration take shape, said he would temporarily not discuss Mr. Trump publicly.
特朗普先生看起來對任何批評都無動於衷，他輕鬆贏得提名，把槍口指向克林頓夫人。在一場充滿了特朗普的謊言和下流影射的激烈選戰後，他擊敗了希拉里贏得大選，雖然輸了近300萬張普選票，但贏得了更多選舉團票。大選後，決心讓新政府成型的麥凱恩先生表示，他暫時不公開討論特朗普先生。
But weeks after President Trump moved into the White House and began blindsiding the public and sometimes the government with executive orders and mixed messages on immigration, foreign policy and other issues, Mr. McCain, himself newly re-elected, let loose.
但入主白宮幾周後，特朗普開始用行政令和對移民、外交等事務前後不一的信息出其不意地打擊公眾，本人也剛剛再次當選參議員的麥凱恩先生忍不住了。
At a security conference in Munich, he delivered a forceful critique of Mr. Trump’s “America First” program before a receptive audience of allied officials and foreign policy experts dismayed at the administration’s drift from seven decades of Western alliances.
在慕尼黑一場安全會議上，他在盟國官員和外交政策專家前強烈批評特朗普“美國優先”政策，招待會上的人對政府遠離了七十年的西方盟友感到失望。
“Make no mistake, my friends, these are dangerous times,” Mr. McCain said. “But you should not count America out, and we should not count each other out.”
“沒錯，我的朋友，現在是危險的時刻，”麥凱恩說。“但你們不能忘了美國，我們彼此都不能忘記。”
As for Mr. Trump’s claim that his White House was operating like a “fine-tuned machine,” Mr. McCain said, “In many respects, this administration is in disarray.”
至於特朗普先生說，白宮就像“調控精確的機器”，麥凱恩先生的回應是，“在很多方面，本屆政府一團糟。”
Appearing on the NBC News program “Meet the Press” a day later, Mr. McCain punctured Mr. Trump’s contention that the news media was “the enemy of the American people.”
一天後在NBC新聞節目《會見媒體》上，麥凱恩先生批判特朗普先生的觀點，特朗普認為新聞媒體是“美國人民的敵人”。
“The first thing that dictators do is shut down the press,” Mr. McCain, a strong defender of the First Amendment, told his national television audience. While not expressly calling the president a dictator, he said, “We need to learn the lessons of history.”
“獨裁者做的第一件事就是關閉媒體，”憲法第一修正案的堅定捍衛者麥凱恩先生對全國的電視觀眾說。他沒有直指總統是獨裁者，他說“我們需要汲取歷史教訓”。
For a senator who had long backed free trade, NATO and assertive foreign policies, and who had harbored suspicions about Russian intentions, Mr. McCain’s differences with Mr. Trump ran deep. He denounced Russia for “interfering” in the presidential election and called for a select Senate committee to investigate the Kremlin’s cyberactivities.
對於長期以來支持自由貿易、北約和強硬外交政策並對俄國意圖表示懷疑的參議員，麥凱恩先生與特朗普先生差別很大。他譴責俄國“干預”總統大選，要求組成參議院特別委員會調查克里姆林宮的網絡行為。
His disapproval of Mr. Trump perhaps peaked in July, after the president and President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia met privately in Helsinki, Finland, and then participated in an extraordinary joint news conference there. Responding to Mr. Trump’s performance, in which the president spoke favorably of his Russian counterpart and questioned American intelligence findings that the Russians had interfered in the 2016 presidential election, Mr. McCain declared, “No prior president has ever abased himself more abjectly before a tyrant.”
他對特朗普先生的不滿在7月達到頂點，此前總統和俄國總統弗拉基米爾·普京在芬蘭赫爾辛基私下會晤，然後又參加了不同尋常的聯合新聞發佈會。美國總統說了俄國總統的好話，並質疑美國情報機構的結論，即俄國干涉了2016年總統大選，談到特朗普的表現時，麥凱恩先生宣佈，“此前沒有總統曾在暴君面前如此低三下四”。
Weeks later, in signing a $716 billion military spending bill named in Mr. McCain’s honor, Mr. Trump did not mention the senator by name in what was widely interpreted as a deliberate snub.
數週後，簽署以麥凱恩先生名字命名的價值7160億美元的軍事支出法案時，特朗普先生沒有提到這位參議員的名字，人們都認為這是故意冷落。
Although Mr. McCain was sharply critical of Mr. Trump, especially when he thought the new president had threatened to overstep domestic or national interests, he remained broadly supportive of the administration’s agenda.
儘管麥凱恩先生激烈批判特朗普先生，尤其他認為新總統曾威脅要侵害本國或民族利益，他依然大體上支持本屆政府的議程。
After an acrimonious yearlong fight over replacing the late Justice Antonin Scalia on the Supreme Court, Mr. McCain joined the Senate’s 54-to-45 majority to confirm Mr. Trump’s selection of Neil Gorsuch as an associate justice. Justice Gorsuch’s installation tipped the court’s balance in favor of a conservative majority that seemed destined to last for years.
經過為時一年關於誰來替換已故最高法院大法官安東寧·斯卡利亞的激烈鬥爭，麥凱恩先生加入參議院54比45投票結果中的多數一方，確認了特朗普提名尼爾·葛薩奇為副大法官。葛薩奇就任打破了最高法院的平衡，有利於保守派形成多數，看起來這將維持多年。
Mr. McCain voted for all but two of Mr. Trump’s 15 cabinet selections and eight other administration posts requiring Senate confirmation. But he also chastised Mr. Trump for comments equating Russian and American interests. “That moral equivalency is a contradiction of everything the United States has ever stood for in the 20th and 21st centuries,” he said.
麥凱恩先生投票贊成了特朗普先生15個內閣成員提名中的13個以及其他8個需要參議員確認的政府職位，但他也譴責特朗普先生把俄國利益和美國利益劃等號的說法。“這種道德等同於美國在20世紀和21世紀代表的一切都相互矛盾。”
During a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing taking testimony from James B. Comey, the former F.B.I. director who was fired by Mr. Trump, Mr. McCain posed confusing questions, seeming to conflate the 2016 investigation of Mrs. Clinton’s use of a private email server as secretary of state with the 2017 investigation of Russian interference in the American election. He later issued a clarification.
被特朗普炒魷魚的前聯調局局長詹姆斯·科米在參議院情報委員會聽證會上作證過程中，麥凱恩先生提出令人困惑的問題，貌似合併了2016年對時任國務卿的克林頓夫人使用私人郵箱服務器的調查與2017年對俄國干涉美國大選的調查。他後來做了澄清。
“What I was trying to get at was whether Mr. Comey believes that any of his interactions with the president rise to the level of obstruction of justice,” he said. “In the case of Secretary Clinton’s emails, Mr. Comey was willing to step beyond his role as an investigator and state his belief about what ‘no reasonable prosecutor’ would conclude about the evidence. I wanted Mr. Comey to apply the same approach to the key question surrounding his interactions with President Trump — whether or not the president’s conduct constitutes obstruction of justice.”
“我想弄清楚的是，科米先生是否認為他和總統的任何接觸達到妨害司法的程度，”他說。“在克林頓國務卿郵件一案中，科米先生願意超出調查者角色，表明他自己的結論，而沒有一個‘有理性的檢察官’會對證據做出的結論。我想讓科米先生將同樣的方式用於有關他和總統特朗普接觸的關鍵問題上，總統的行為是否構成了妨害司法。”
Since he had opposed the Affordable Care Act, Mr. Obama’s signature health care law, Mr. McCain became a critical vote on the Republican bill to repeal and replace it. Written in secret, the Republicans’ bill was opposed by health care and patient advocacy groups. Mr. McCain, fearing his constituents might be harmed, was noncommittal.
自從他反對奧巴馬的醫保法案以來，麥凱恩先生擁有共和黨法案的關鍵一票，從而撤銷和取代奧巴馬法案。共和黨的法案是秘密起草的，這遭到健康和患者遊說團體的反對。麥凱恩先生擔心自己選區的人民受到傷害，態度一直不明朗。
After struggling to write a passable bill and with no votes to spare, Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, put off a showdown when Mr. McCain was sidelined by surgery for a cranial blood clot over his left eye in July.
一直無法起草一個能通過的法案，多數黨領袖、肯塔基州聯邦參議員米奇·麥康奈爾推遲了攤牌，當時麥凱恩先生置身事外，7月他因左眼顱內血塊而進行手術。
Senator McCain’s office disclosed that, behind the clot, his doctors had found a glioblastoma, an aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Medical experts said that such cancers may be treated with radiation and chemotherapy but almost always grow back, and that the median length of survival with a glioblastoma is about 16 months.
參議員麥凱恩辦公室透露，醫生在血塊後發現腦膠質瘤，這是一種進展性惡性腦癌。醫學專家表示，這種癌症可以用放療和化療方法治療，但基本都會復發，腦膠質瘤的中位生存期約16個月。
Days after surgery for the brain cancer, Mr. McCain returned to the Senate and provided a crucial vote for the Republicans to open debate on their efforts to repeal the health law. But when a last-ditch repeal vote was taken later, Mr. McCain made a stirring televised reappearance in the well of the Senate and shocked his colleagues and the nation by turning his thumb down, casting the decisive vote against it.
腦癌手術數天後，麥凱恩先生回到參議院，為共和黨投下了關鍵一票，開啟對取締醫保法的討論。但隨後進行取締投票的最後一刻，麥凱恩先生在參議院池子中再次驚人亮相，他讓同事和國人震驚，因為他投了決定性的反對票。
The seven-year Republican drive to derail the Affordable Care Act had collapsed. Some pundits called the McCain vote cold revenge for Mr. Trump’s mockery of his ordeal as a prisoner of war. But the senator told colleagues that he felt compelled only to “do the right thing.” And in a later statement, he gave a fuller explanation.
共和黨長達七年要推翻奧巴馬醫保法案的努力崩潰了。有些學者認為麥凱恩的投票是對特朗普先生嘲笑他戰俘苦難經歷的報復。但參議員對同事說，他感覺有義務只做“正確的事”。在後來的聲明中，他更詳盡地解釋了原由。
“The vote last night presents the Senate with an opportunity to start fresh,” he said. “I encourage my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to trust each other, stop the political gamesmanship and put the health care needs of the American people first. We can do this.”
“昨晚的投票讓參議院有機會重新開始，”他說。“我鼓勵兩黨同事彼此信任，不要再搞政治鬥爭，將美國人民的健康保障需求放在第一位，我們可以做到。”
In December, Mr. McCain had been expected to be a pivotal vote in the Republican drive to rewrite the nation’s tax code and cut taxes for individuals and businesses by adding up to $1.5 trillion to the federal deficit. Critics of the measure had identified him as a potential holdout against his party’s legislation.
12月，麥凱恩先生將在共和黨修訂國家稅法併為個人和公司減稅及增加1.5萬億美元聯邦赤字的投票中發揮核心作用。該措施的批評者將他視作可以抵制本黨立法的潛在人選。
Days before the vote, however, Mr. McCain returned home to Arizona for medical treatment, and he did not cast a ballot in the Senate proceedings. But he endorsed the bill, and his support was important, though not decisive, in the Senate’s 51-48 adoption of the tax package.
然而投票幾天前，麥凱恩先生回到亞利桑那家中接受治療，他沒有在參議院投票。但他支持法案，他的支持是重要的，儘管不是決定性的，參議院以51對48票通過的稅改一攬子法案。
To the Navy Born
John Sidney McCain III was born on Aug. 29, 1936, at the Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, one of many posts where his father, John Sidney McCain Jr., served in a long, distinguished Navy career. He was the middle sibling of three children. His mother, born Roberta Wright, was a California oil heiress. His parents eloped to Tijuana, Mexico, to marry in 1933.
約翰·西德尼·麥凱恩三世1936年8月29日生於巴拿馬運河區可可索羅海軍航空基地，這是父親約翰·西德尼·小麥凱恩漫長和出色的海軍生涯中的一站。他是三個孩子中的老二。他的母親羅伯塔·懷特是加利福尼亞石油公司女繼承人。他的父和--母1933年私奔到墨西哥提華納結婚。
With his older sister, Jean Alexandra (who was known as Sandy), and brother, Joseph Pinckney McCain II, John grew up with frequent moves, an often-absent father, a rock-solid mother and family lore that traced ancestral lineages to combatants in every American war and to Scottish clans. There were also highly dubious family claims of having descended from Robert the Bruce, the 14th-century king of the Scots.
他的姐姐是珍·亞里山德拉（珊迪），弟弟是約瑟夫·平克尼·麥凱恩二世，約翰成長過程中四處搬家，父親常常不在身邊，母親很堅強，他的家族可以追溯到美國每一場戰爭中的戰士並一直追溯到蘇格蘭的祖先。據說祖先是14世紀的蘇格蘭國王羅伯特·布魯斯，但非常可疑。
The patriarch of the 20th-century military family was John’s grandfather, Adm. John Sidney McCain Sr. A pioneer of aircraft carriers, he led many naval and air operations in the Western Pacific in World War II, covering Gen. Douglas MacArthur’s invasion of the Philippines and inflicting heavy losses on the enemy in the war’s final stages. He was in the front row of officers aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese signed the documents of surrender in 1945.
這個20世紀的軍事家庭，大家長是約翰的祖父約翰·西德尼·老麥凱恩將軍。作為航空母艦的先驅，他第二次世界大戰中在西太平洋領導了多次海空軍行動，掩護道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟將軍入侵菲律賓，在戰爭最後階段給敵軍造成重大傷亡。他在東京灣的密蘇里戰艦上站在美國軍官前排，1945年，日本在這裡簽訂了投降文件。
John’s father was a decorated submarine commander in World War II. In Washington, the elder Mr. McCain was influential in political affairs as the postwar Navy’s chief information officer and liaison with Congress. Senators, representatives and military brass were often guests at his home. Raised to full admiral, he was the commander of American naval forces in Europe and, from 1968 to 1972, of all American forces in the Pacific, including those in the Vietnam War theater.
約翰的父親在第二次世界大戰中是軍功卓著的潛艇司令官。老麥凱恩先生在華盛頓政治能量很大，他在戰後擔任海軍首席信息官和國會聯絡人。參議員、眾議員和將軍們都是他的座上賓。他後來成為海軍上將，擔任美國駐歐洲海軍司令官，1968年到1972年，擔任美軍太平洋總司令，下轄越南戰區。
(Two Navy destroyers were named McCain, for the senator’s father and grandfather, the first father-and-son full admirals in American naval history.)
（有兩艘海軍驅逐艦以麥凱恩命名，分別紀念參議員麥凱恩的父親和祖父，這是海軍歷史上第一隊父子海軍上將。）
Whipsawed by family relocations, young John attended some 20 schools before finally settling into Episcopal High School, an all-white, all-boys boarding school in Alexandria, Va., in the fall of 1951 for his last three years of secondary education. The school, with an all-male faculty and enrollments drawn mostly from upper-crust families of the Old South, required jackets and ties for classes.
年輕的約翰輾轉多地，轉了20多次學，最後於1951年秋就讀於主教高中，這是全白人寄宿男校，在弗吉尼亞州亞歷山德里亞，完成了最後三年的中學教育。該校教職員工也都是男性，學生主要來自美國南方的上層家庭，上課要求穿外套打領帶。
But the scion of one of the Navy’s most illustrious families was defiant and unruly. He mocked the dress code by wearing dirty bluejeans. His shoes were held together with tape, and his coat looked like a reject from the Salvation Army. He was cocky and combative, easily provoked and ready to fight anyone. Classmates called him McNasty. Most gave him a wide berth.
但這位海軍最顯赫家庭的後代叛逆任性。他穿著髒髒了牛仔褲，不遵守著裝規則，他用膠帶把鞋綁在一起，上衣看起來像救世軍的殘次品。他很自大又好鬥，脾氣火爆，時刻準備揍別人。同學稱他為麥火爆。大多數人躲著他走。
“He cultivated the image,” Robert Timberg wrote in a biography, “John McCain: An American Odyssey” (1995). “The Episcopal yearbook pictures him in a trench coat, collar up, cigarette dangling Bogey-style from his lips. That pose, if hardly the impression Episcopal sought to project, at least had a fashionable world-weary style to it.”
“他塑造了這種形象，”羅伯特·蒂姆伯格在傳記《約翰·麥凱恩：美國奧德賽》（1995）中寫道。“主教學校年鑑上他穿著軍用上衣、領子豎起來，雙唇歪叼著香菸。那種範兒絕非主教學校要塑造的形象，但至少有一種時尚的厭世風格。”
John and a few friends often sneaked off campus at night to patronize bars and burlesque houses in Washington. He joined the wrestling team — a 127-pound dynamo, he once pinned an opponent in 37 seconds, a school record — and the junior varsity football team, as a linebacker and offensive guard. His grades were abysmal, except in literature and history, his favorite subjects. He graduated in 1954.
約翰和幾個朋友常常晚上溜出校園，光顧華盛頓的酒吧和雜耍場所。他參加了摔跤隊，這個127磅的壯小夥子，曾在37秒內扣住對手，創造了學校記錄，他還參加了橄欖球少年校隊，他打中後衛和進攻後衛。除了自己喜歡的文學和歷史，他成績都很糟糕。他1954年畢業。
That summer, he followed his father and grandfather into the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md. He resisted the discipline. His grades were poor. He stood up to upperclassmen, broke rules and piled up demerits, though never enough to warrant expulsion. But he became a ferocious boxer, a magnet for attractive young women and one of the most popular midshipmen in his class.
當年夏天，他像父親與祖父一樣進入馬里蘭州安納波利斯的美國海軍學院，他不服管教，成績又差。他對抗高年級學生，破壞規矩，臭名昭著，儘管都不至於被開除。但他成為一個兇狠的拳擊手，有很多女生喜歡，他是班上最受歡迎的軍校生。
In the Cockpit
Mr. McCain possessed the rugged independence of a natural leader. It came out at parties and in carousing with friends. Caught by the Shore Patrol at an off-limits bar, he led a carload of drinking buddies in a daring escape. In 1958, he graduated 894th in his class, fifth from the bottom.
麥凱恩先生天生具有領導人那種不羈的獨立性。聚會和與朋友歡飲時看得出來。海岸巡邏隊在一個禁止去的酒吧抓住了他，他和一車酒友大膽逃竄。1958年，他以第894名的成績畢業，倒數第五。
Accepted for flight training, the newly commissioned Ensign McCain learned to fly attack jets at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Fla. He also had flings with a succession of young women, from schoolteachers to strippers, and once with a tobacco heiress, “often returning to base just in time to change clothes and drag himself out to the flight line,” Mr. Timberg said.
被召參加飛行訓練，新晉升的海軍少尉麥凱恩在佛羅里達州彭薩科拉海軍航空基地學會了駕駛戰鬥機，他和許多女人談戀愛，有學校老師，還有脫衣舞女，曾經還和一個菸草女繼承人好過，“經常踩著點回到基地換衣服，最後一刻到達停機坪，”蒂姆伯格先生說。
He liked flying, but his performance was subpar, sometimes careless or even reckless. In the 1960s he crashed in Corpus Christi Bay in Texas and Tidewater, Va., but escaped with minor injuries — and his flying skills improved over time. Early assignments were aboard aircraft carriers: the Intrepid in the Caribbean during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, and the Enterprise in the Mediterranean.
他喜歡飛行，但他的表現在平均水平以下，有時很隨意甚至魯莽。六十年代，他在得克薩斯科珀斯克里斯蒂和弗吉尼亞州泰德沃特墜機，但只受了小傷，他的飛行技巧逐漸提高。最初的任務是呆在航空母艦上，1962年古巴導彈危機期間，他在加勒比海的無畏號上，還曾在地中海的企業號上服役。
In 1965, Mr. McCain married Carol Shepp, a model. He adopted her two children, Douglas and Andrew, and they had a daughter, Sidney. After a long separation, the couple were divorced in 1980. He then married Cindy Lou Hensley, a Phoenix teacher whose father owned a beer distributorship. They had two sons, John IV and James, and a daughter, Meghan, and adopted a girl, Bridget, from a Bangladeshi orphanage.
1965年，麥凱恩先生娶了模特卡羅爾·謝普，謝普帶了兩個孩子——道格拉斯和安德魯，他們生了一個女兒西德尼。因為長期分居，夫婦二人1980年離婚。他又娶了鳳凰城的老師辛迪·羅·亨斯雷，她的父親有一家啤酒分銷公司。他們有兩個兒子——約翰四世和詹姆斯，一個女兒梅根，還收養了一個孟加拉國孤兒布麗奇特。
Promoted to lieutenant commander in early 1967, Mr. McCain requested combat duty and was assigned to the carrier Forrestal, operating in the Gulf of Tonkin. Its A-4E Skyhawk warplanes were bombing North Vietnam in the campaign known as Operation Rolling Thunder. He flew five missions.
1967年初晉升為海軍少校，麥凱恩先生要求上戰場，被派到北部灣的福萊斯特航母上。航母上的A-4E天鷹戰鬥機在滾雷行動中轟炸越南。他飛過5次任務。
Then, on July 29, 1967, he had just strapped himself into his cockpit on a deck crowded with planes when a missile fired accidentally from another jet struck his 200-gallon exterior fuel tank, and it exploded in flames. He scrambled out, crawled onto the plane’s nose, dived onto a deck seething with burning fuel and rolled away until he cleared the flames.
1967年7月29日，他剛剛在甲板的飛機座艙中繫好安全帶，甲板上還有許多飛機，另一架飛機上的導彈意外爆炸，擊中了他200加侖的外掛郵箱引發爆炸，一片火海。他爬了出來，爬到機鼻處，跳進燒著了燃料的甲板上，打著滾撲滅了身上的火。
As he stood up, other aircraft and bomb loads exploded on deck. He was hit in the legs and chest by burning shrapnel. At one point, the Forrestal skipper considered abandoning ship. When the fire was finally brought under control, 134 men had been killed in the worst noncombat incident in American naval history.
他站起來時，其他甲板上的飛機和炸彈也爆炸了。他雙腿被擊中，胸部被燃燒的彈片擊中。福萊斯特航母船長一度考慮棄船，火勢最後得到控制，134個男人在美國海軍史上最嚴重的非戰鬥事件中死亡。
Despite his misgivings, Mr. McCain volunteered for more missions and was transferred to the carrier Oriskany. On Oct. 26 he took off on his 23rd mission of the war, part of a 20-plane attack on a heavily defended power plant in central Hanoi. Moments after releasing his bombs on target, as he pulled out of his dive, a Soviet-made surface-to-air missile sheared off his right wing.
儘管遭遇不幸，麥凱恩先生自願參加更多任務，並被轉到奧里斯卡尼航母上。10月26日，他起飛參加第23次任務，20架飛機襲擊越南中部一家防備森嚴的電場。向目標投擲炸彈片刻之後，他將飛機拉起來時，一顆蘇制地空導彈折斷了他的右翼。
He ejected as the plane plunged, but hit something as he exited. Both arms were broken and his right knee was shattered. He fell into a lake and, with 50 pounds of gear, sank 15 feet to the bottom, then pulled the inflating pins of his Mae West life jacket with his teeth and rose to the surface, gasping for air. Swimmers dragged him ashore, where he was set upon by a mob.
飛機墜落時他被彈射出來，但逃脫時碰到了什麼東西，雙臂受傷，右膝粉碎。他同50磅的設備一起掉入湖中，沉入了15英尺的湖底，然後用牙齒拉開了海上救生背心浮上水面，得以呼吸。游泳者把他拖上岸，遭到暴民襲擊。
Mr. McCain was stripped to his skivvies, kicked and spat upon, then bayoneted in the left ankle and groin. A North Vietnamese soldier struck him with his rifle butt, breaking a shoulder. A woman tried to give him a cup of tea as a photographer snapped pictures. Carried to a truck, Mr. McCain was driven to Hoa Lo, the prison compound its American inmates had labeled the Hanoi Hilton.
麥凱恩先生被脫到只剩內褲，被人踢，被吐口水，左膝蓋和腹股溝被人用刀刺。北越士兵用槍托打他，把肩膀打折。攝影師照相時，一個女人給了他一杯茶。麥凱恩被抬上卡車，送到了火爐監獄，美國監友稱這裡是河內希爾頓。
There he was denied medical care. His knee swelled to the size and color of a football. He lapsed in and out of consciousness for days. When he awoke in a cell infested with roaches and rats, he was interrogated and beaten. The beatings continued for days. He gave his name, rank and serial number and defied his tormentors with curses.
那裡沒人給他治療，他的膝蓋紅腫到和足球那麼大。他連續幾天失去意識。當他在滿是蟑螂和老鼠的牢房中醒來後，他遭到審訊和毒打。毒打持續了幾天。他說了自己的名字、軍銜、編號並大罵虐待他的人。
After two weeks, a doctor, without anesthesia, tried to set his right arm, broken in three places, but gave up in frustration and encased it in a plaster cast. He was moved to another site and tended by two American prisoners of war, who brought him back from near death.
兩週後，一個醫生在沒有麻醉的情況下給他的右臂正骨，右臂有三處骨折，但最後麼成功就打了石膏。他被轉移到另一個地方，由兩名美國戰俘看護，把他從死亡邊緣拉了回來。
Commander McCain’s prisoner-of-war status was widely reported around the world. Only after his captors learned that his father was an admiral was he given a modicum of medical treatment. Other prisoners said he spoke, incongruously, of someday being president of the United States.
麥凱恩司令成為戰俘在全世界得到廣泛報道。抓住他的人得知他的父親是將軍後他才得到一點點治療。其他戰俘說，他前言不搭後語地說有一天自己要當美國總統。
Once he was visited by a group of North Vietnamese dignitaries. A prisoner, Jack Van Loan, said Mr. McCain shrieked at them. “Here’s a guy that’s all crippled up, all busted up, and he doesn’t know if he’s going to live to the next day, and he literally blew them out of there with a verbal assault,” Mr. Van Loan told Mr. Timberg. “You can’t imagine the example John set for the rest of the camp by doing that.”
有一次，北越的貴客造訪了他。獄友傑克·凡·羅恩說，麥凱恩衝他們尖叫。“他徹底瘸了，全都垮了，他不知道明天還活不活著，可他把他們罵出去了，”凡·羅恩先生對蒂姆伯格說。“你無法想象約翰這樣做為戰俘營其他人樹立的典範。”
Two Years in Solitary
In March 1968, Mr. McCain was put in solitary confinement, fed only watery pumpkin soup and scraps of bread. It lasted two years. When Admiral McCain became the Pacific Theater commander in July, his son was offered early repatriation repeatedly. Commander McCain refused, following a military code that prisoners were to be released in the order taken. He was beaten frequently and tortured with ropes.
1968年3月，麥凱恩先生被單獨監禁，只給南瓜粥和麵包屑，持續兩年之久。當麥凱恩將軍7月成為太平洋戰區總司令時，越方多次要把他的兒子提前遣送回國。但麥凱恩司令拒絕了，他遵從軍事法規，戰犯要按順序遣返。他經常被毆打併被綁起來虐待。
Years after his confession to “war crimes” and “air piracy,” Mr. McCain wrote: “I had learned what we all learned over there: that every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine.”
他承認犯有“戰爭罪”和“空中劫持”多年後，麥凱恩先生寫道：“我學到所有人都學到的東西：所有人都有崩潰的時刻，我也有我的那個時刻。”
His ordeal finally ended on March 14, 1973, two months after the Paris Peace Accords had ended American involvement in the war. The place he had lived longest in his nomadic life was Hanoi. At 36, his hair had gone white. He went home a celebrity, cheered in parades, showered with medals, embraced by President Richard M. Nixon and Gov. Ronald Reagan of California.
1973年3月14日，他的苦難終於結束了，兩個月前，巴黎和平協定讓美國不再參戰。他在外生活最長的地方就是河內。36歲的他頭髮就白了，他回到祖國，成為名人，人們遊行歡慶，得了很多獎章，總統理查德·尼克松和加州州長羅納德·里根擁抱他。
For a Navy man who had always tried to live up to his father’s accomplishments, the Silver and Bronze Stars, the Distinguished Flying Cross and other decorations he received were not enough. But a psychiatrist’s report seemed to capture his happiest moment. “Felt fulfillment,” it said, “when his dad was introduced at a dinner as ‘Commander McCain’s father.’ ”
這名海軍男人一直立志實現父親那樣的成就，可銀星和銅星、傑出飛行十字勳章及其他軍功還不夠。但一個精神科醫生的報告看起來抓住了他最開心的時刻。“他感到滿足，”報告說，“當他的父親在宴會上被人介紹為‘麥凱恩司令官的父親’時。”
After months of rehabilitation and recovery, he returned to duty and became the Navy’s Senate liaison, as his father had once been. But he knew that his Navy future would be limited by his physical disabilities, and that he would never be an admiral like his forebears. With his mother’s encouragement, he was already thinking about a political career when he retired as a captain in 1981.
經過數月的康復，他回到軍隊，成為海軍的參院聯繫人，他的父親也曾做過這個職位。但他知道因為身體殘疾，在海軍沒有未來了，無法像前輩那樣成為將軍。在母親的鼓勵下，他1981年以上校退伍時就已經考慮要從政了。
Setting his sights on a congressional seat, he settled in Phoenix and became a public relations executive for his father-in-law’s beer distributorship. He developed contacts in the news media and business community, and got to know real estate developers and bankers like Charles Keating Jr.
希望進入國會的他定居在鳳凰城，成為岳父啤酒分銷公司的公關經理。他在新聞媒體和商界拓展關係，認識了查爾斯·小基丁等地產開發商和銀行家。
When Representative John Rhodes of Arizona retired after 30 years in Congress in 1982, Mr. McCain, in a campaign partly financed by his wife, easily won the seat in a Republican district. He embraced President Reagan’s agenda of tax and budget cuts and a strong national defense, but voted to override Mr. Reagan’s veto of sanctions against South Africa for its racist policies. He was re-elected in 1984.
當做了30年的亞利桑那眾議員約翰·羅德1982年退休時，麥凱恩先生在妻子的部分資助下參選，輕鬆成為共和黨眾議員。他支持里根總統的減稅、削減預算和強大國防的議程，但投票推翻里根先生的否決案，里根否決了因種族政策而對南非施加制裁。麥凱恩1984年再次當選。
After Senator Barry M. Goldwater decided not to seek re-election as Arizona’s conservative stalwart in 1986, Mr. McCain crushed Richard Kimball, a former Democratic state legislator, for the seat. He won appointments to the Armed Services Committee, the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee, and soon gained national attention.
參議員巴里·戈德華特1986年決定不再作為亞利桑那州堅定的保守派競選參議員時，麥凱恩擊敗前民主黨州議員理查德·金伯爾獲得該席位。他被任命加入軍事委員會、商業委員會和印第安事務委員會，很快得到全國的關注。
A longtime gambler with ties to the gaming industry, Mr. McCain helped write the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988, codifying regulations for Native American gambling enterprises.
他一直是個賭徒，和博彩業有聯繫，他1988年幫助起草了《印第安博彩管理法案》，對美國原住民博彩業制定了法規。
He backed legislation, sponsored by Senators Phil Gramm of Texas and Warren B. Rudman of New Hampshire, for automatic spending cuts in deficit budgets.
他支持得克薩斯參議員菲兒·格拉姆和新罕布什爾參議員沃倫·盧德曼的起草的法案，建立自動減赤機制。
He was shortlisted as a vice-presidential running mate by the 1988 Republican nominee, George Bush, who won the White House (with Senator Dan Quayle on the ticket).
1988年，他進入喬治·布什的副總統搭檔短名單，老布什進入白宮，最後選擇了參議員丹·奎爾。
But Mr. McCain’s rising political career was almost upended by scandal. He was one of five senators who took favors from Charles Keating to intercede with federal regulators on behalf of the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, which collapsed with catastrophic losses. The scandal cost the government and investors billions, and Mr. Keating went to prison for fraud; the so-called Keating Five, cleared of wrongdoing by Senate investigators, were only rebuked for ethical lapses.
但醜聞幾乎搞垮麥凱恩先生冉冉高升的政治生涯。他是查爾斯·基丁支持的五個參議員之一，五名參議員代表林肯儲蓄和貸款聯合會向聯邦監管者求情，後者鉅額虧損倒閉。醜聞讓政府和投資者損失數十億美元，基丁先生因欺詐入獄；參議院調查結果認為所謂的基丁五議員沒有過錯，僅被譴責為道德過失。
In the years that followed, Mr. McCain reinvented himself as a scourge of special interests, crusading for stricter ethics and campaign finance rules, a man of honor chastened by a brush with shame.
幾年後，麥凱恩先生將自己重新打造為特殊利益群體的災難，他長期推行實施更嚴格的倫理和競選融資法規，成為知恥後勇的男人。
The Persian Gulf War in 1991 also helped restore Mr. McCain’s tarnished image. As a television commentator, he showcased his military savvy and impressed Americans as an authoritative voice on foreign policy. While Mr. Bush lost the White House to Bill Clinton in 1992, Mr. McCain easily won re-election.
1991年的海灣戰爭再次擦亮了麥凱恩先生的聲譽。作為電視評論員，他展示了自己的軍事知識，在外交政策上發出權威聲音讓美國人折服。1992年，老布什先生將白宮讓給比爾·克林頓，麥凱恩卻輕鬆再次當選。
After years of voting along party lines, Mr. McCain, in the 1990s, emphasized his independence. With the presidency in his distant sights, he challenged Republican leaders and Democrats and was harder to peg politically.
按照共和黨路線投票幾年後，麥凱恩先生在九十年代強調自己的獨立性。希望以後能競選總統，他挑戰共和黨領袖和民主黨人，政治上很難定位。
He became a self-appointed Republican spokesman on national security — challenging the Clinton administration’s intervention in Somalia, counseling against deploying American troops to the Balkans and sounding an early warning on North Korea’s nuclear ambitions.
他任命自己為共和黨國家安全發言人，對克林頓政府幹涉索馬里提出挑戰，反對美國軍隊前往巴爾幹地區，很早就警告朝鮮有核野心。
Mr. McCain and Senator John Kerry, a Democrat and fellow Vietnam War veteran, were chairmen of the Select Committee on P.O.W./M.I.A. Affairs, which found “no compelling evidence” that Americans were still alive in captivity in Southeast Asia. Veterans groups and families of long-missing troops rejected the report. He also pressed for full diplomatic relations with Vietnam, which were achieved in 1995.
麥凱恩先生與民主黨參議員、越戰老兵約翰·克里是戰俘/戰鬥失蹤人員事務特別委員會主席，他們發現“沒有過硬證據”表明，美國在東南亞還有活著的被囚者。老兵組織和長期失蹤士兵的家人拒絕這一報告。他還要求與越南恢復完全外交關係，1995年實現了這一點。
In the 1996 election, Mr. McCain appeared to be a favorite for the Republican vice-presidential slot, but former Senator Bob Dole, the Republican presidential nominee, chose Jack Kemp, the former congressman and National Football League star. They would lose to Mr. Clinton and Al Gore.
1996年的選舉中，麥凱恩看起來是共和黨副總統的最佳人選，但前參議員、共和黨總統提名人鮑勃·多爾選擇了前眾議員、國家橄欖球聯盟球星傑克·凱姆普。他們輸給了克林頓先生和阿爾·戈爾。
Mr. McCain won re-election to a third term by a landslide in 1998, and a year later he published a memoir, “Faith of My Fathers,” which became a best seller in time for the 2000 election campaign and was later made into a television movie, starring Shawn Hatosy as Mr. McCain.
1998年，麥凱恩先生第三次壓倒性當選參議員，一年後他出版了回憶錄《父輩們的信仰》，成為2000年選戰期間的暢銷書，後來被改編為電視電影，肖恩·海託西飾演麥凱恩先生。
Smears and Defeat
Seeking the 2000 Republican presidential nomination, Mr. McCain pledged “a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests.” Gov. George W. Bush of Texas was favored, but Mr. McCain won the New Hampshire primary, 49 to 30 percent.
麥凱恩先生2000年謀求成為共和黨總統提名人時，承諾“捍衛將政府從權力掮客和特殊利益團體手中奪回來”。得克薩斯州州長小布什更受青睞，但麥凱恩先生贏得新罕布什爾州初選，49%對30%。
South Carolina’s primary then loomed as crucial.It was one of the era’s dirtiest campaigns. Anonymous smears falsely claimed that Mr. McCain had fathered a black child out of wedlock, that his wife was a drug addict and that he was a homosexual, a traitor and mentally unstable. McCain ads portrayed Mr. Bush as a liar and called his religious supporters, the Rev. Jerry Falwell and the televangelist Pat Robertson, “agents of intolerance.”
隨後南卡州的初選很關鍵，這是那個時代最骯髒的一次選戰。匿名抹黑言論錯誤的宣稱麥凱恩先生是一個黑人私生子的父親，說他妻子是癮君子，他是同性戀和叛徒，精神不穩定。麥凱恩的廣告說布什是一個說謊者，認為他宗教界的支持者傑瑞·法威爾牧師和電視福音傳道者帕特·羅伯遜是“不寬容的代言人”。
Mr. McCain later said he regretted calling a Confederate flag on the State Capitol in Columbia a “symbol of heritage.” Civil rights groups had denounced it as a symbol of slavery and oppression of African-Americans. “I feared that if I answered honestly, I could not win the South Carolina primary,” Mr. McCain admitted.
麥凱恩先生說，他後悔在哥倫比亞州議會大廈將邦聯旗說成“遺產的象徵”。民權組織譴責那是奴隸制的象徵和對非裔美國人的壓迫。“我恐怕如果我如實回答，我就沒法贏下南卡州的初選，”麥凱恩先生承認。
Mr. Bush won the primary and the nomination, and narrowly defeated the Democrat, Vice President Gore, in the general election.
布什先生贏得初選獲得提名，並在大選中險勝民主黨人、副總統戈爾。
After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, Mr. McCain supported the Bush administration’s war on terrorism; its invasion of Afghanistan to suppress a fanatic Taliban regime and hunt for Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the terrorist attacks; and later the invasion of Iraq to depose President Saddam Hussein, the tyrant who was wrongly believed to have weapons of mass destruction.
2001年9.11恐怖襲擊後，麥凱恩先生支持布什政府開打反恐戰爭、入侵阿富汗壓制瘋狂的塔利班政權並抓捕恐襲策劃者奧薩馬·本拉登，並支持此後入侵伊拉克罷黜總統薩達姆·侯賽因，這個暴君被錯以為擁有大規模殺傷性武器。
Rewarded for years of pushing campaign-finance reforms, Mr. McCain and Senator Russ Feingold, Democrat of Wisconsin, finally saw passage in 2002 of the McCain-Feingold Act. It banned a key source of financing for both parties, so-called soft money donated in unlimited amounts to build party strengths, and it limited donations for national candidates to “hard money,” subject to annual limits and other rules.
多年推動競選籌款改革的麥凱恩先生和威斯康星州民主黨參議員魯斯·費恩戈爾德終於在2002年通過《麥凱恩-費恩戈爾德法案》。法案禁止兩黨的一個重要財源，即所謂用於黨建的不限數額的軟捐贈。將競選者可以獲得的捐款限制為“硬錢”，每年有限額，還有其他法規規定。
As a torture victim, Mr. McCain was sensitive to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the fight against terrorism. In 2005 the Senate passed his bill to bar inhumane treatment of prisoners, including those at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, by limiting military practices to those permitted by the United States Army Field Manual on Interrogation. His 2008 bill to ban waterboarding as torture was adopted, but vetoed by President Bush.
酷刑受害者麥凱恩先生對反恐戰爭中的監禁和審訊非常敏感。2005年參議院通過法案禁止非人道對待囚犯，其中包括古巴關塔那摩灣，對美國陸軍戰地審訊手冊允許的軍事行為進行限制。他2008年提出禁止水刑作為審訊手段的法案獲得通過，但總統布什否決了。
In 1993, Mr. McCain gave the commencement address at Annapolis: the sorcerer’s apprentice, class of 1954, home to inspire the midshipmen. He spoke of Navy aviators hurled from the decks of pitching aircraft carriers, of Navy gunners blazing into the silhouettes of onrushing kamikazes, of trapped Marines battling overwhelming Chinese hordes in a breakout from the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea.
1993年，麥凱恩先生在安納波利斯做畢業典禮演講《1954級：巫師學徒，海軍軍校生受到鼓舞的地方》。他談及在傾斜的航母上被甩到甲板上的海軍飛行員，談到抵抗神風隊員攻擊的海軍機槍手，談到在朝鮮長津水庫被困的海軍陸戰隊員突破大批中國士兵包圍。
“I have spent time in the company of heroes,” he said. “I have watched men suffer the anguish of imprisonment, defy appalling cruelty until further resistance is impossible, break for a moment, then recover inhuman strength to defy their enemies once more. All these things and more I have seen. And so will you. I will go to my grave in gratitude to my Creator for allowing me to stand witness to such courage and honor. And so will you.
“我和英雄在一起，”他說。“我看著男人們忍受監禁之苦，不畏駭人的殘忍做最後一絲抵抗，一時崩潰，又恢復了非人的力量再次抗敵。所有這些我都見識了。你們也會如此。我走入墳墓時要感謝我的造物主，讓我能見證勇氣和榮譽。你們也會如此。”
“My time is slipping by. Yours is fast approaching. You will know where your duty lies. You will know.”
“我的生命正在過去，你們的正在快速到來。你們會知道職責所在，你們會知道。”
• END •
長按圖片識別二維碼關注
閱讀更多 英語演講 的文章
