一身惡習肯定不利於身心健康和個人發展，但有點小毛病也未必是壞事兒。比如，研究證明，愛遲到的人往往比較樂觀，習慣做最好的打算;桌面凌亂的人可能更有目標;偶爾走神可以提高工作效率等等。擁有下面這些小毛病不僅無傷大雅，而且可能還對你有好處。
01
Procrastinating 拖延症
Here’s a growing body of literature dedicated to why people procrastinate - and how to stop it.
關於拖延症成因以及治療方法的研究文獻越來越多。
But Wharton professor Adam Grant argues that we should expand our conception of procrastination to include not just laziness, but also waiting for the right time. In other words, procrastination can help boost creativity because you give yourself a chance to develop your big idea.
但沃頓商學院教授 亞當.格蘭特認為，我們應該認識到，拖延症不僅僅是懶，也是在等待正確的時機。換句話說，拖延症有助於提升人們的創造力，因為你給了自己空間去想出好主意。
procrastinate /prə(ʊ)'kræstɪneɪ/ v. 耽擱，延遲
literature /'lɪt(ə)rətʃə/ n. 文學;文獻
dedicate /'dedɪkeɪt/ v. 致力;獻身
professor /prə'fesə/ n. 教授;教師
conception /kən'sepʃ(ə)n/ n. 概念;設想
include /ɪn'klu: d/ v. 包含，包括
laziness /'leɪzɪnɪs/ n. 怠惰;無精打采
boost /bu: st/ v. 促進;增加
creativity /,kri: eɪ'tɪvɪtɪ/ n. 創造力;創造性
02
Biting your nails 啃指甲
Researchers followed about 1,000 kids starting when they were five years old. When the kids were five, seven, nine, and 11, the researchers asked their parents whether they bit their nails or sucked their thumb. About one-third of the kids displayed one or both habits.
研究人員們從5歲開始對約1000名兒童進行了追蹤研究。當孩子們處於5歲、7歲、9歲和11歲時，研究人員詢問這些孩子的父母，他們是否會咬指甲或嘬手指。約三分之一的兒童有至少其中一種習慣。
When the kids were 13 and then 32 years old, the researchers performed allergy tests. Sure enough, the group that had habitually bit their nails and/or sucked their thumb as kids were less likely to have developed allergies.
當這些孩子長到13歲和32歲時，研究人員對他們進行過敏測試。結果發現有咬指甲或(和)嘬手指習慣的孩子，更不容易過敏。
suck /sʌk/ v. 吸吮;吸取
thumb /θʌm/ n. 拇指
display /dɪ'spleɪ/ v. 顯示;表現
perform /pə'fɔ: m/ v. 執行;完成
allergy /'ælədʒɪ/ n. 過敏症;反感
habitually /hə'bitjuəli/ adv. 習慣地;日常地
develop /dɪ'veləp/ v. 開發;進步;顯露
At the same time, one of the study authors advised parents not to encourage nail-biting or thumb-sucking in their kids.
與此同時，該論文作者建議父母們不要鼓勵孩子們咬指甲或者嘬手指。
While nail-biting doesn’t typically cause long-term damage, it can damage the skin around the nail, making you more susceptible to infections. Meanwhile, if thumb-sucking continues past when a kid’s permanent teeth come in, it can change how the teeth line up.
雖然咬指甲不會造成長期損傷，但會破壞指甲周圍的皮膚，讓人更容易感染。此外，在換牙之前嘬手指會影響牙齒的排列。
encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓勵，慫恿
typically /'tɪpɪkəlɪ/ adv. 代表性地;作為特色地
damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ n. 損害;損毀;v. 損害;損毀
susceptible /sə'septɪb(ə)l/ adj. 易受影響的;易感動的
infection /ɪn'fekʃ(ə)n/ n. 感染;傳染
permanent /'pɜ: m(ə)nənt/ adj. 永久的，永恆的
03
Running late 遲到
Being chronically tardy can interfere with both your personal and professional relationships, making you look disorganized or worse, disrespectful.
總是遲到會影響你的個人和職場人際關係，給人留下散漫甚至是不尊重他人的印象。
chronically /'krαnɪkli/ adv. 長期地;慢性地
tardy /'tα: dɪ/ n. 遲到
interfere /ɪntə'fɪə/ v. 干涉;妨礙
professional /prə'feʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 專業的;職業的
relationship /rɪ'leɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/ n. 關係;關聯
disorganized /dɪs'ɔrgənaɪzd/ adj. 紊亂的;無組織的
disrespectful /dɪsrɪ'spek(t)f(ʊ)l/ adj. 無禮的;失禮的
Many late people tend to be both optimistic and unrealistic and this affects theirperception of time. They really believe they can go for a run, pick up their clothes at the dry cleaners, buy groceries and drop off the kids at school in an hour.
“很多愛遲到的人都比較樂觀，且不切實際，這影響了他們的時間觀念。他們真的認為，自己可以在一小時之內完成跑步、到乾洗店取衣服、買日用品以及去送孩子到學校的工作。”
In other words, late people hope for and expect the best - which can be a double-edgedsword in daily life.
換句話說，愛遲到的人總是做最好的打算，而這在日常生活中可能是把雙刃劍。
optimistic /ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk/ adj. 樂觀的;樂觀主義的
unrealistic /,ʌnrɪə'lɪstɪk/ adj. 不切實際的;不實在的
perception /pə'sepʃ(ə)n/ n. 感覺;看法
double-edged /'dʌbl'edʒd/ adj. 雙刃的
04
Complaining 抱怨
No one wants to be that friend who goes on and on about his annoying coworker, the rain, and the lousy service at the restaurant where he just ate.
沒有人想要不停向朋友抱怨自己的同事有多討厭、雨下得有多惱人，或者自己用餐的飯店服務有多差。
Meanwhile, recent research cited in The Atlantic found that those who complain moremindfully - meaning they have a specific end result in mind - are happier than those who simply vent.
不過，《大西洋月刊》上一項新的研究發現，更加慎重抱怨的人(這種人的腦海中有一個明確的終極結果)，比那些單純宣洩的人更快樂。
complain /kəm'pleɪn/ v. 抱怨;控訴
annoying /ə'nɒɪɪŋ/ adj. 討厭的;惱人的
coworker /'kəu,wə:kə/ n. 同事;合作者
lousy /'laʊzɪ/ adj. 討厭的
cite /saɪt/ v. 引用;傳訊
mindfully /'maindful/ adv. 謹慎地;注意地
specific /spə'sɪfɪk/ adj. 特殊的，特定的
If you need to complain, there’s a way to express some negativity without turning off everyone around you or exacerbating the situation. According to psychologist Guy Winch, there’s a "right" way to gripe.
如果你需要抱怨，有一種方法既可以抒發負面情緒，又不會讓周圍的人感到厭煩或讓情況惡化。據心理專家蓋伊.溫奇稱，抱怨也是有“正確”的方法的。
An effective complaint is about an issue that can be remedied, and is addressed to someone who has the power to fix it.
“有效的抱怨會圍繞一個可以補救的問題進行，而且抱怨的對象要是有能力處理這個問題的人。”
negativity /,negə'tɪvɪtɪ/ n. 否定性;消極性
exacerbate /ɪg'zæsəbeɪt/ v. 使加劇;使惡化
situation /sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 情況;形勢
psychologist /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理學家，心理學者
gripe /graɪp/ v. 抱怨，發牢騷
effective /ɪ'fektɪv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的
complaint /kəm'pleɪnt/ n. 抱怨;訴苦
remedy /'remɪdɪ/ v. 補救;治療
05
Chewing gum 嚼口香糖
It’s rude to do it in a job interview, so don’t. But when you’re sitting alone, it could be a key to productivity and relaxation.
在面試時吃口香糖是一種無禮的行為，千萬不要這樣。不過如果你獨自待著，嚼口香糖是一種提高效率、放鬆心情的好辦法。
Multiple studies suggest that chewing gum helps you feel more alert - one study even found that people who chewed gum performed better on an intelligence test than people who didn’t.
許多研究認為，嚼口香糖能讓你的思維更敏捷，甚至還有研究發現，嚼口香糖的人在智力測試中的表現會比沒有嚼口香糖的人更好。
Other research suggests that chewing gum boosts mood and reduces levels of the stresshormone cortisol.
也有研究認為，嚼口香糖能夠讓人心情舒暢，降低壓力荷爾蒙皮質醇水平。
chew /tʃu: / v. 嚼碎，咀嚼
interview /'ɪntəvju: / n. 接見，採訪;面試
productivity /prɒdʌk'tɪvɪtɪ/ n. 生產力;生產率
relaxation /ri: læk'seɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 放鬆;緩和
multiple /'mʌltɪpl/ adj. 多重的;多樣的
alert /ə'lɜ: t/ adj. 警惕的，警覺的
intelligence /ɪn'telɪdʒ(ə)ns/ n. 智力
hormone /'hɔ: məʊn/ n. 激素，荷爾蒙
cortisol /'kɔ: tɪsɒl/ n. 皮質醇;考的索
06
Keeping a messy desk 桌面凌亂
If piles of papers are toppling over onto your coworker’s desk, it might be time to tidy up.
如果你的一堆文件已經要倒向同事的辦公桌上了，那麼可能是時候整理一下。
But assuming you can keep your mess to yourself, there could be benefits to thedisorganization. Recent research suggests that messiness prompts people to be more goal-oriented because we’re motivated to seek order somewhere.
但如果你沒有影響到別人，那麼這種混亂可能對你有益。最近的研究表明，邋遢讓人更有目標，因為這促使我們在別的方面追求秩序。
In other words, simply the sight of a sloppy workspace could make you more productive.
換句話說，表面上看起來亂糟糟的工作空間會讓你效率更高。
messy /'mesɪ/ adj. 凌亂的，散亂的
topple /'tɒp(ə)l/ v. 推翻;顛覆
assume /ə'sju: m/ v. 假定;設想
benefit /'benɪfɪt/ n. 利益，好處
disorganization /dɪs,ɔgənɪ'zeʃən/ n. 解體;混亂
prompt /prɒm(p)t/ v. 提示;促進
motivate /'məʊtɪveɪt/ v. 刺激;使有動機
sloppy /'slɒpɪ/ adj. 草率的;粗心的
productive /prə'dʌktɪv/ adj. 能生產的;生產的
07
Fidgeting 坐姿不安分
Again, when you’re in a meeting with your boss, it’s not the best idea to be squirming in your seat.
再說一次，如果你是去見老闆，那這可不是一個好主意。
But tapping your leg or wiggling your fingers while you’re seated at your desk could help you stay healthy. One study found that women who reported fidgeting more while at work had a lower mortality risk than women who said they fidgeted less.
但如果你是坐在辦公桌前，手腳扭來扭去可能有助於保持健康。一項研究發現，自稱工作時動來動去的女性比坐姿比較老實的女性死亡風險更低。
In fact, fidgeting seemed to make the association between long sitting times and mortalitydisappear.
事實上，坐姿不安分似乎使得久坐時間與死亡風險之間不再相關。
fidget /'fɪdʒɪt/ v. 煩躁;坐立不安
squirm /skwɜ: m/ v. 蠕動，扭動
wiggle /'wɪg(ə)l/ v. 使……擺動，使……扭動
mortality /mɔ: 'tælɪtɪ/ n. 死亡數，死亡率
association /əˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃn/ n. 聯盟;聯合
disappear /dɪsə'pɪə/ v. 消失;失蹤
08
Gossiping 八卦
No, this is not an excuse to invite your best friend over to bash your other best friend’s new haircut.
你不能以此為藉口，讓一位好朋友去吐槽另一位好朋友的新發型。
Research suggests that gossiping in order to help someone else can make you feel better.
研究發現，以幫助他人為目的的八卦可以讓你感覺更好。
gossip /'gɒsɪp/ v. 閒聊;傳播流言蜚語
excuse /ɪkˈskju:s/n. 藉口;理由
invite /ɪn'vaɪt/ v. 邀請，招待
bash /bæʃ/ v. 猛擊，痛擊;吐槽
09
Dreaming 白日做夢
In 2010, researchers published some attention-getting findings suggesting that mind-wandering can make you unhappy.
2010年，研究人員公開了一些引人注目的發現，他們認為心不在焉會讓人不開心。
But spending a few minutes deliberately letting yourself zone out can also make you more productive and creative.
但有意讓自己走神幾分鐘也能提升你的效率和創造力。
For example, one study cited in The Harvard Business Review found that allowing your mind to wander for about 12 minutes while you’re working on a difficult task can help you find a solution when you return to it.
例如，《哈佛商業評論》上刊登的一項研究發現，當你在解決難題時，讓自己走神12分鐘左右後再回神，有助於找到答案。
publish /'pʌblɪʃ/ v. 出版;發表
mind-wandering /maɪnd 'wɒnd(ə)rɪŋ/ 心不在焉
deliberately /dɪ'lɪbərətli/ adv. 故意地;謹慎地
creative /kri: 'eɪtɪv/ adj. 創造性的
solution /sə'lu: ʃ(ə)n/ n. 解決方案
10
Using filler words 用無意義的詞
Um, so it sounds totally unprofessional to, uh, use filler words in every sentence, right?
呃，每句話中都加上語氣詞，會讓你看起來很不專業，對吧?
But a recent Quartz article highlights research that suggests words such as "um" and "uh" help listeners understand and remember what you’re saying.
但Quartz上最近發佈的一篇文章強調，研究發現，“嗯”、“啊”之類的詞有助於聽眾理解和記住你的話。
filler /'fɪlə/ n. (雜誌等的)補白;裝填者;無意義的詞
sentence /'sent(ə)ns/ n. 句子，命題
highlight /'haɪlaɪt/ v. 突出;強調
understand /ʌndə'stænd/ v. 理解;懂
remember /rɪ'membə/ v. 記得;牢記
小夥伴們~你們怎麼看呢?你相信嗎?
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