一、理論常識
在複合句中作定語,修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句。
結構:先行詞+關係詞(分為關係副詞和關係代詞)+從句
關係代詞(that , who , which , whose , as)
關係副詞(when , where , why , how)
定語從句分為限制性定語從句及非限制定語從句,限定從直接放在先行詞後,非限定從與先行詞之間要加逗號。
二、試題舉例
例句1:The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .
【重點詞彙解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剝奪某人某物;silt,n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞
【參考翻譯】例如,阿斯旺大壩阻止了尼羅河的洪水侵襲,但是也奪去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---這一切換來的卻是一個巨大的病態的水庫,這個水庫積滿了淤泥,以至於幾乎不能發電了。
例句2:The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)
【重點詞彙解析】empirical,adj. 經驗主義的;result from 由……造成;cognitive,adj. 認知的
【參考翻譯】第二個為此做出努力的人是約書亞·格林伯格,他採用經驗主義的方法來研究普遍性,確認多種語言(尤其是語序方面的)共同特徵,這些特徵被認為是體現了由於認知侷限性而帶來的偏見。
例句3:His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)
【重點詞彙解析】analogous,adj. 類似的;reveal,vt. 揭露;reason,n. 理由 v. 推論
【參考翻譯】他的職責類似於法官的職責,後者必須承擔起這樣的責任:用盡可能明顯的方式來揭示讓他做出決定的推理過程。
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