Message by Petteri Taalas, Secretary-General of World Meteorological Organization, on World Meteorological Day 2019
世界氣象組織秘書長佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯2019年世界氣象日致辭
23 March 2019
2019年3月23日
2019年世界氣象日
World Meteorological Day 2019 is devoted to the theme “The Sun, the Earth and the Weather”.
2019年世界氣象日的主題是“太陽、地球與天氣”。
The Sun delivers the energy that powers all life on Earth. It drives the weather, ocean currents and hydrological cycle. It shapes our moods and daily activities. It is the inspiration for music, photography and art.
太陽為地球上的一切生命提供能量。它驅動著天氣、洋流和水文循環。它塑造了我們的情緒和日常活動。它是音樂、攝影和美術的靈感源。
Located nearly 150 million kilometres from Earth, the Sun is the heart of our solar system and keeps our planet warm enough for living things to thrive. For over 4.5 billion years, this hot ball of glowing plasma has been the driving force behind weather and climate, and life on Earth.
太陽距地球近1.5億公里，是太陽系的核心。是它使我們的星球保持溫暖，足以讓萬物生長。在45億多年的時間裡，這一等離子發光發熱球體始終是天氣和氣候以及地球上各種生命背後的推動力。
Satellite measurements taken over the past 30 years show that the Sun’s energy output has not increased and that the recent warming observed on Earth cannot be attributed to changes in Sun activity.
過去30年開展的衛星測量顯示：太陽的能量輸出沒有增加，最近地球上觀測到的變暖不能歸因於太陽活動的變化。
The rise in temperatures – which are melting ice and heating the oceans – is driven by long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide concentrations reached 405.5 parts per million in 2017 and continue to rise.
正造成冰雪融化和海洋升溫的溫度上升是由大氣中的長壽命溫室氣體驅動的。2017年二氧化碳濃度達到了百萬分之405.5，並在繼續上升。
As a consequence, since 1990, there has been a 41% increase in total radiative forcing – the warming effect on the climate – by long-lived greenhouse gases. CO2 accounts for about 82% of the increase in radiative forcing over the past decade.
結果，自1990年以來，長壽命溫室氣體的總輻射強迫這一氣候增溫效應增加了41％。在過去的十年中，二氧化碳在增加的輻射強迫中約佔82％。
If the current trend in greenhouse gas concentrations continues, we may see temperature increases of 3 °C to 5 °C by the end of the century. This is well above the target of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to hold the global average temperature increase to below 2 °C and as close as possible to 1.5 °C.
如果延續目前溫室氣體濃度的趨勢，到本世紀末，我們可能會看到溫度上升3℃至5℃。這遠高於“聯合國氣候變化框架公約”《巴黎協定》的目標，即將全球平均溫度的升高控制在2℃ 以下，並儘可能接近1.5℃。
Climate change has led to an increase in heat extremes, and new temperature records – at local daily levels as well as at national, regional and global level. Heatwaves are starting earlier and ending later in the year and becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change.
無論在地方日常層面還是國家、區域和全球層面，氣候變化都已經導致極端高溫現象的增加以及新的溫度記錄。正因為氣候變化，一年中熱浪出現的更早、結束的更晚，並日益頻繁和劇烈。
Climate models project increases in mean temperature in most land and ocean regions, hot extremes in most inhabited regions, heavy precipitation in several regions and the probability of drought and precipitation deficits in some regions. Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming.
據氣候模型預測：大多數陸地和海洋區域的平均溫度將升高，大多數人居地區出現極端高溫的現象將增加，一些地區將出現更多的強降水，而有些地區將有更大的乾旱和降水不足的可能性。隨著全球變暖，與氣候相關的衛生、民生、糧食安全、供水、人類安全和經濟增長風險預計將上升。
The Sun can provide an alternative source of energy, which can be harnessed even in cloudy weather. Solar energy is indeed used worldwide and is increasingly popular for generating electricity or heating and desalinating water.
太陽可以提供替代能源，即使在多雲天氣下也可加以利用。在全世界範圍內，太陽能已實實在在得以使用，並日益在發電或取暖和海水淡化方面受到人們歡迎。
Understanding how the Sun influence weather and climate phenomena is therefore critical to the core mission of WMO of building resilient societies.
因此，瞭解太陽如何影響天氣和氣候現象對於世界氣象組織建設抗災型社會的核心使命至關重要。
The integrated Earth System approach of the WMO community will provide the best possible science and operational services to support countries for weather, climate, hydrology, oceans and the environment.
世界氣象組織的綜合地球系統方法將盡可能為支持各國開展天氣、氣候、水文、海洋和環境活動提供最好的科學和業務服務。
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