有很多電影以人格分裂為主題，帶觀眾一窺解離性障礙人格的世界，雖然通常會把人格分裂誇張化，變成嚇人的恐怖片啦！今天的影片以理性又好懂的方式，解釋人格分裂是怎麼形成的，以及一個人有沒有可能擁有好幾種人格。好奇這個領域的觀眾們快一起來看看吧！
This is called Dissociative Identity Disorder, it used to be called Multiple Personality Disorder, but not anymore.
這稱作「解離性身份障礙 」，以前被稱作「多重人格障礙」不過再也不這麼叫了。
Two out of every 100 people experience a feeling of having more than one personality, at least once in their lives; usually it's not serious.
每 100 個人中有 2 個人在人生中至少一次，感受到自己有不只一個人格但通常這不是很嚴重的事。
Very few people show up into at psychologist's offices because multiple personalities (called alters) are causing problems.
非常少的人因為多重人格 (稱作替代人格) 導致問題而去看心理醫生
To get this disorder you'd have to have "two or more" identities that can take control of your behavior, and they have to have different memories and feelings of self.
罹患這個疾病的症狀是，你有兩個或以上的身分會控制你的行為而且這些身分有各自的記憶和感受。
There are only a few people who've actually been documented with this psychological condition, but you've probably heard of it thanks to movies and television!
其實真正有被記載下來的，擁有這種心理狀態的人很少但你會聽過多重人格，是因為電視或電影中出現過！
In the movies, character's multiple personalities can talk to each other, but in real life, only the single personality can talk.
電影中，主角的多重人格之間可以互相溝通，但在真實世界裡只有主人格可以溝通而已。
Think of D.I.D. as multiple people trying to share one single phone.
把解離性身份障礙想成很多人共有一支手機
Only one can talk at a time, and when one has the phone, the others can't hear anything.
一次只有一個人可以講話，當某個人在講電話時，其他人完全聽不見
This is why psychologists often find people with D.I.D. have gaps in their memory, when the alters are in charge of the body, they don't remember anything!
這就是為什麼心理學家常發現解離性身份障礙的患者在記憶中有斷層，當由替代人格主宰時，他們什麼都記不起來！
No one really knows exactly why someone's personality would fragment like this.
沒有人確切知道為什麼一個人的人格會分裂成這樣
But it's a hot debate in the mental health field!
在心理健康領域上有很激烈的辯論
The manual for psychologists, called the DSM, says it could be caused by trauma during childhood, but some psychiatrists think D.I.D. doesn't exist at all.
心理學家的手冊，稱作「精神疾病診斷與統計手冊」，說可能因為童年所受的創傷而導致但一些精神學家認為解離性身份障礙根本不存在。
Instead, they think it's a product of the stories we read and see.
相反地，認為是我們所聽到、所看到的故事的產物
In the 1950s, a best-selling book had a character with multiple personalities, and psychologists saw many patients believing they had them too.
1950 年代，有一本暢銷書的主角就有多重人格，而精神學家看到很多病人就相信他們也有多重人格。
It happens again and again, with the last personality fad popping up in the 1990s as Hollywood released dozens of movies with dissociative identities in them.
這些事情一再又一再地出現，最後一次多重人格風潮在1990年代掀起因為好萊塢拍了很多劇情和解離性身份障礙有關的電影。
On the other hand, studies have scanned the brains of patients, and measured their skin's ability to conduct electricity -- and found they might change depending on the alter in control.
另一方面，學術研究掃描了病人的頭腦，並測他們的皮膚導電的能力─並發現可能會因為替代人格的主宰而改變。
So, the jury is still out.
所以也還沒有真正的答案
The reason psychologists call them alters and not personalities, is because the patients don't really have two or three or five separate personalities inside one head, instead it's a single personality broken into pieces, like fragments of a dish that's been broken.
心理學家叫他們替代人格而非人格，是因為病人並不是腦袋中真的有兩個或三個或五個獨立的人格，而是由一個單一的人格分裂為幾個片段，就像盤子的碎片一樣。
Each alter has a part of the single personality.
每個替代人格都有原本人格特質的一部分
Meaning each alter might have a different mood, age, level of education, name or even gender.
代表每個替代人格可能有不同的心情、年齡、教育程度、名字，甚至性別。
The alters are having trouble working together to make a whole person, but each alone has their own experiences, memories, and mannerisms.
替代人格無法一起運作進而塑造成一個人，但每個替代人格各自有自己的經驗、回憶、習性
Picture a man named Jared who has Dissociative Identity Disorder.
想像一個叫 Jared 的男子，他患有解離性身份障礙
Jared could have one alter that is a woman who needs glasses, a second who is an old British man, and a third who is a toddler that cries all the time!
Jared 有一個替代人格是需要戴眼鏡的女子，第二個是老的英國男子第三個則是一直哭哭啼啼的嬰兒！
Jared might experience all these fragments in his head at the same time, or not, he could hear their voices or not, he might even have amnesia if one of the other alters took over!
Jared 可能同時在腦袋裡經歷這些片段，也可能不是同時他能聽見這些聲音，或聽不見，或他甚至有健忘症，如果輪到替代人格主宰他時！
Unfortunately for patients with D.I.D., just like a broken bowl, there's always one big piece.
不幸的是，解離性人格疾患的患者，就像一個破碎的碗，總會有一個很大的碎片。
The biggest personality, the main person, would probably feel very depressed and sad, would have memory loss from when the fragments took over, and could carry a lot of guilt and stress because of it.
也就是主人格，會覺得很沮喪、傷心當替代人格主宰時會有記憶斷層，也會因為這樣揹負很大的罪惡感和壓力。
In the end, psychologists will keep an eye out for patients who have more than one personality (one woman claimed to have 162), but for most of us, we'll have to be satisfied with the one we've got.
最終，心理學家會細心照顧擁有多於一個人格的患者(有位女子宣稱自己有 162 種人格)，但對多數的我們來說，我們要為自己只有一個人格感到滿足。
==========
更多內容：
歡迎訪問全民英語官方網站：www.quanminyingyu.com 直接觀看訪問更多內容。
點擊APP下載，下載Android&蘋果移動端APP 享受更多功能服務。
閱讀更多 全民英語APP 的文章
