在中国陶瓷史上，明嘉靖、万历五彩无疑是浓墨重彩的一笔，釉下青花与釉上多种彩结合，色彩浓艳，配以满密花纹，相得益彰。虽然清康熙五彩颜色更为纷繁华丽，工艺更为精湛，但在近几年拍场上，五彩成交价TOP10中，明嘉靖、万历时期五彩器却占据前6名，康熙时期的五彩器排在后两名，这或许是因为一项新的艺术形式在技术繁盛的过程中，其早期更具最鲜活力、创造力，所以明嘉靖万历时期的五彩才显得弥足珍贵。
In the history of Chinese ceramics, the five colors of Jiajing and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty are undoubtedly one of the most important colors. The combination of underglaze blue and white and overglaze colors, with rich colors and dense patterns, complement each other. Although the color of the five colors in Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty is more colorful and exquisite, in recent years, among the top 10 prices of the five colors, the five colors in Jiajing and Wanli of the Ming Dynasty occupy the top six, and the five colors in Kangxi period rank the bottom two. This may be because a new artistic form in the process of technological prosperity has the most fresh vitality and creativity in its early stage, so Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty occupies the top six The five colors in the calendar period are precious.
明代彩瓷是我国陶瓷史上光辉灿烂的一页，既有釉下彩绘，如青花；也有纯粹釉上彩，如五彩、素三彩；又有釉上与釉下相结合的品种，像斗彩、五彩。明神宗朱翊钧，是明朝第11任皇帝，在位48年，年号万历，是明朝统治时间最长的帝王，也是典型的荒淫怠惰的君主。由于平定北方虏患的侵扰，东南倭寇的入侵，西南部播州的叛乱，加上自正德朝开始，宫廷大肆挥霍，皇帝昏庸无能，到万历朝情况也没有发生太大的改变，至此明朝开始出现了颓败之势。万历皇帝有一个不择手段亲自敛聚钱财的恶习，提倡官吏向他进奉，把进奉财物的多少作为衡量官吏是否效忠皇上的标准，这使得贪官污吏对老百姓的压榨愈甚。加之连年的天灾，地震、干旱、水涝，民生困苦。此时景德镇瓷器生产低落，日渐衰败。万历朝瓷器风格与嘉靖、隆庆朝瓷器大致相同，给人感觉古朴凝重。瓷器上多见道教色彩的纹饰，如八卦、云鹤、鹿鹤、三星等；该朝的五彩瓷器色调以红绿取胜，风格古朴艳丽，为我国五彩瓷发展的最/高峰。
Ming Dynasty color porcelain is a brilliant page in the history of China's ceramics. There are not only underglaze color painting, such as blue and white, but also pure overglaze color, such as five colors and three colors. There are also varieties of overglaze and underglaze combination, such as fighting colors and five colors. Zhu Yijun, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the 11th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned for 48 years, with the age of Wanli. He was the longest emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and also a typical slothful monarch. Due to the invasion of the northern invaders, the invasion of the Japanese invaders in the southeast, the rebellion of Bozhou in the southwest, and the extravagance of the court since the Zhengde Dynasty, the incompetence of the emperor, the situation of Wanli dynasty did not change much, so the Ming Dynasty began to decline. Emperor Wanli had a bad habit of collecting money by any means. He advocated that officials should pay tribute to him and take the amount of money as the standard to measure whether officials were loyal to the emperor, which made corrupt officials squeeze the common people even more. In addition, years of natural disasters, earthquakes, droughts, floods, people's livelihood. At this time, Jingdezhen porcelain production is declining and declining. The porcelain style of Wanli Dynasty is roughly the same as that of Jiajing and Longqing dynasties, which makes people feel simple and dignified. There are many patterns of Taoist colors on porcelain, such as Bagua, Yunhe, Luhe, Sanxing, etc.; the color of colorful porcelain in this dynasty is red and green, and the style is simple and gorgeous, which is the peak of the development of colorful porcelain in China.
万历时期，青花五彩瓷烧造盛行。五彩器多以红、绿、黄三色为主，以紫、赭色为辅，以釉下青花代替蓝彩，色彩艳丽，图案花纹布满器身，纹饰繁茂，画笔灵活随意，色彩以浓红艳绿取胜。其造型丰富，有瓶、觚、罐、壶、葫芦瓶、壁瓶、鱼缸、钵、酒器、盖盒、插屏、香炉、绣墩、灯台、棋盘、棋罐、花盆、脸盆、碗、盘、碟、杯以及笔架、印盒、砚台、笔管、砚滴、笔洗、笔盒等文具。“五彩”即多彩之意，在“宋红绿彩”的基础上发展而来，是明嘉靖、万历时期瓷器生产中最为著名品种，堪与永宣青花和成化斗彩比肩。
In Wanli period, blue and white porcelain was popular. Most of the multicolored vessels are red, green and yellow, supplemented by purple and ochre, and blue color is replaced by underglaze blue and white. The colors are gorgeous, the patterns are full of the body, the tattoos are luxuriant, the brushes are flexible and free, and the colors are strong red and green. Its shape is rich, including bottle, Gu, pot, pot, gourd bottle, wall bottle, fishbowl, bowl, wine vessel, lid box, insert screen, censer, embroidered pier, lampstand, chessboard, chess can, flowerpot, washbasin, bowl, plate, dish, cup, pen holder, printing box, inkstone table, pen tube, inkstone drop, pen wash, pen box and other stationery. "Five colors" means colorful. Based on "red and green colors in Song Dynasty", it is the most famous porcelain variety in Jiajing and Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. It can be compared with Yongxuan blue and white and Chenghua fighting colors.
万历五彩素负盛名，色调以红绿取胜，整体给人感觉古朴艳丽，它为我国彩瓷发展打下了坚实的基础。于白釉地上直接绘以五彩，其中红彩艳丽如枣皮红色，有时以黄彩衬托，使红黄色重叠，呈现凝厚的橙红色调；黄彩似同蜜蜡；绿彩为大绿；蓝色则以青花代替，色调蓝中泛紫；由于当时烧造红釉器原料缺少和技术退步等原因，多用矾红彩的特点是多数颜色较深而亮，颜色似枣皮的红色，可见用笔涂抹的痕迹；除青花、五彩、矾红彩外，嘉靖时期烧造的品种还有，白釉、黄釉、蓝釉、斗彩、三彩、金彩、孔雀蓝釉、白釉绿彩、白釉黄彩、黄釉绿彩、黄釉红彩、红釉绿彩、黄釉青花、青花红彩、蓝釉白花等，品种十分丰富。
Wanli colorful element is famous for its red and green hues, which makes people feel ancient and gorgeous. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of China's colored porcelain. Five colors are directly painted on the ground of white glaze, among which red color is as bright as jujube skin red, sometimes set off by yellow color, so that red and yellow overlap, showing thick orange red color; yellow color is like honey wax; green color is big green; blue color is replaced by blue and white, and the color is purple in blue; due to the lack of raw materials for firing red glaze at that time and the backward technology, the characteristic of using alum red color is that most colors are darker The color is bright, like the red of jujube skin, which shows the traces of painting with a pen. In addition to blue and white glaze, five colors and alum red color, there are also varieties made in Jiajing period, such as white glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze, fighting color, three colors, gold color, peacock blue glaze, white glaze green color, white glaze yellow color, yellow glaze green color, yellow glaze red color, red glaze green color, yellow glaze blue and white color, which are very rich in varieties.
万历五彩瓷器纹饰多样，绘画多是正面花卉，画面无阴阳、反侧、凹凸之分。人物面部多用青花勾画轮廓线，其他轮廓线多用红、黑、赭或青花勾画。用笔老练刚劲，构图饱满，纹饰之间相互呼应，充满动感。常见纹饰包括龙凤、瑞兽、人物、八宝、八仙、舞狮、鸾凤、飞龙、三星、鱼藻、团龙、团凤、灵芝、楼台、石榴、虫草、经文、楼台、百寿、八卦、云雀和山水人物、仙人渡海、仙鹤凤凰、龙凤穿花、八方进宝、八仙过海、折枝花卉、岁寒三友、五鬼闹判等主题纹饰。万历时期青花五彩器的制作达到高峰，烧造数量之多、质量之高，堪称空前绝后。
Wanli colorful porcelain is decorated with various patterns. Most of the paintings are positive flowers. There is no difference between yin and Yang, opposite, concave and convex. The figure's face is usually outlined with blue and white, while other outlines are mostly outlined with red, black, ochre or blue and white. The pen is sophisticated and vigorous, the composition is full, and the decorative patterns echo each other and are full of movement. Common patterns include dragon and Phoenix, auspicious beast, figure, eight treasures, eight immortals, lion dance, Phoenix Phoenix, flying dragon, three stars, fish and algae, tuanlong, tuanlong, Ganoderma lucidum, loutai, pomegranate, Cordyceps, Scripture, loutai, Baishou, Bagua, Skylark and landscape figure, immortal crossing the sea, crane and Phoenix, dragon and Phoenix crossing the flower, Bafang Jinbao, Baxian crossing the sea, origami flower, three friends in winter, Five ghosts and mischief Ornamentation.During the Wanli period, the production of blue and white multicolored wares reached a peak, with a large number of firing and high quality, which is unprecedented.
专家推荐：此五彩折沿“喜上眉梢”笔洗，花口折沿，弧壁深腹，圈足，外壁署“大明万历年制”六字款，该笔洗主纹饰喜鹊登梅具有鲜明的万历特征，此器含牡丹，喜鹊，牡丹被人视为繁荣昌盛，美好幸福的象征，喜上眉梢寓意吉祥、喜庆、好运，喜鹊生动形象，造型别致，工艺讲究，釉色莹润，包浆自然沁入胎骨，彰显古朴，保持完好，整幅画面构图考究，工笔线条流畅，笔法娴熟，刻画细腻，宛转勾连，姿态曼妙。纹饰连续看之，构图疏朗有致，充满韵律感，且绘工娴熟，线条流畅而稳重，纹饰优雅而不失灵动。为明代万历之典型作品，即当时文房用具之笔洗佳品。此笔洗整器规整对称，宫廷气势，高雅大气，一丝不苟。纹饰繁褥，五彩艳丽，气韵生动，柔中带刚，吉祥图案丰富多彩，造型庄重大方。线条清晰有致，繁而不乱，工艺精湛，保存完好实属难得，极具收藏和考研价值。
Experts recommend that: the five color fold along the "top of the eyebrow" brush, the flower mouth fold along, the arc wall deep belly, the circle foot, the outer wall Department "Ming Wanli year system" six characters, the brush wash main decoration magpie Deng Mei has a distinctive Wanli characteristics, this device contains peony, magpie, peony is regarded as a symbol of prosperity, happiness, happiness, happiness, auspicious, festive, good luck, magpie vivid image It has unique shape, exquisite technology, bright and lustrous glaze, natural gel, simple and unsophisticated appearance. The whole picture is exquisite in composition, smooth in line, skillful in writing, delicate in description, graceful in posture. From the perspective of continuous decoration, the composition is sparse, full of rhythm, skilled in painting, smooth and stable lines, elegant and flexible decoration. It is a typical work of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, that is, the best pen wash of stationery at that time. This brush washing machine is regular and symmetrical. It is elegant and meticulous. The patterns are numerous, colorful, vivid, soft with hard, auspicious patterns are rich and colorful, and the modeling is solemn and generous. The lines are clear, complicated but not disordered, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and it is rare to keep them in good condition, which is of great value for collection and postgraduate examination.
閱讀更多 晒寶交易古玩圈 的文章
