2月13日，世界衛生組織給這次疫情正式命名。
“We now have a name for the 2019nCoV disease: COVID-19
“我們現在為2019nCoV 疾病定名為：COVID-19”
I‘ll spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine, COVID-19”
“其字母拼寫為：C-O-V-I-D 連字符 1, 9，COVID-19。”
其中：
1）CO 指 corona（冠狀）
2）VI 指 virus（病毒）
3）D 指 disease（疾病），
4）雖然沒有解釋數字19的含義，但應該表示爆發的時間——2019年。
另外，COVID-19的名字很好發音，COVID 可以念成 /kəʊvɪd/，19可以念 nineteen。
需要注意的是，COVID-19的是指的這次新型冠狀病毒的疫情，而不是指的新型冠狀病毒。除了這些還有一些常用詞彙我們需要掌握，不一定要會寫，但是在閱讀中看到了要能看懂。
以下180條新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情相關詞彙英文表達，按照按疫病名稱，傳染防控，政策舉措，機構、職業群體和場所名稱，病理症狀，器具名稱，其他醫學名詞進行分類，由中國翻譯研究院翻譯審定。
01
疫病名稱
1. 冠狀病毒 coronavirus
2. 2019新型冠狀病毒 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)【這是之前的命名，現在已經改為COVID-19】
3. 肺炎 pneumonia
4. 病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia
5. 不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause
6. 嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
7. 嚴重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)
8. 急性呼吸窘迫綜合徵 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
9. 中東呼吸綜合徵 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
10. 呼吸道疾病（呼吸系統疾病） respiratory diseases
02
傳染防控
11. 國際關注的突發公共衛生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
12. 乙類傳染病 Category B infectious diseases
13. 人傳人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission
14. 行走的傳染源 mobile source of infection
15. 潛伏期 incubation/latent period
16. 無症狀的潛伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period
17. 特定傳染病 specific infectious disease
18. 病毒攜帶者 virus carrier
19. 無症狀攜帶者 asymptomatic carrier
20. 超級傳播者 super spreader
21. 飛沫傳播 droplet transmission
22. 接觸傳播 contact transmission
23. 病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus
24. 隱性感染 covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection
25. 外源性感染 exogenous infection
26. 密切接觸者 close contact
27. 接觸者追蹤 contact tracing
28. 傳染途徑 route of transmission
29. 傳播方式 mode of transmission
30. 宿主 host
31. 易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population
32. 醫院/院內感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection
33. 職業暴露 occupational exposure
34. 確診病例 confirmed case
35. 疑似病例 suspected case
36. 散在病例 sporadic case
37. 輸入性病例 imported case
38. 二代病例 second-generation case
39. 傳染性 transmissibility; infectivity
40. 致病性 pathogenicity
41. 疫情 epidemic; outbreak
42. 疫區 affected area
43. 發病 morbidity
44. 發熱病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients
45. 重症 severe case
46. 發病率 incidence rate
47. 死亡率 mortality rate
48. 病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate
49. 治癒率 recovery rate
50. 疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control
51. 監測體溫 to monitor body temperature
52. 體溫檢測 to check body temperature
53. 早發現、早隔離 early detection and early isolation
54. 隔離治療 to receive treatment in isolation
55. 自我隔離 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine
56. 臨床數據 clinical data
57. 核酸檢測 nucleic acid testing (NAT)
58. 血清診斷 serodiagnosis
59. 自覺接受醫學觀察 to present yourself to medical observation
60. 解除醫學觀察 to be discharged from medical observation
61. 診斷、治療、追蹤和篩查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening
62. 預防措施 preventive measure
63. 疫苗 vaccine
64. 戴口罩 to wear a mask
65. 勤洗手/仔細洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully
66. 消毒 disinfection
67. 避免去人多的地方 avoid crowds
68. 健康篩查 health screening
69. 旅行限制 travel restrictions
70. 健康申報表 health declaration form
71. 海鮮市場 seafood market
72. 活體農貿市場 live animal market
73. 溼貨市場 wet market
74. 野味 bushmeat; game
75. 果子狸 masked palm civet
76. 蝙蝠 bat
77. 竹鼠 bamboo rat
78. 獾 badger
03
政策舉措
79. 突發公共衛生事件 public health emergency
80. 啟動重大突發公共衛生事件一級響應 to activate first-level public health emergency response
81. 掌握情況，不漏一人 to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked
82. 遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak
83. 封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.
84. 延遲開學 to postpone the reopening of schools
85. 延長春節假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday
86. （公共場所）消毒、通風以及體溫檢測 disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)
87. 應急醫院 makeshift hospital
88. 火神山醫院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)
89. 雷神山醫院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)
90. 暫停海外團隊旅行 to suspend overseas group tours
91. 關閉景點 to close scenic spots
92. 取消大型集會 to cancel mass gatherings
93. 減少外出 to make fewer trips outside
94. 控制人口流動 to curb population flow
95. 兩週觀察期 two-week observation period
96. 停運長途汽車 to halt long-distance buses
97. 調減市內公交 to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city
98. 特殊報銷政策 special reimbursement rules
99. 緊平衡 in tight balance
100. 醫療物資緊缺 shortage of medical supplies
101. 日常基本生活物資 daily necessities
102. 跨境採購 cross-border procurement
103. 囤積食物 to stock up on food
104. 捂貨惜售 hoarding
105. 瞞報 to underreport
106. 哄抬價格 price gouging
107. 頂格處罰 the maximum penalty
04
機構、職業群體和場所名稱
108. 世衛組織 World Health Organization (WHO)
109. 中央應對新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情工作領導小組(中央應對疫情工作領導小組) Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control
110. 國家衛生健康委員會（國家衛健委） National Health Commission (NHS)
111. 中國疾病預防控制中心（中國疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)
112. 國家醫療保障局（國家醫保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)
113. 醫療機構 medical institution
114. 衛生機構 health institution
115. 醫療從業者 medical practitioner; healthcare professional
116. 醫療人員 medical personnel; health workforce; health workers
117. 一線醫護人員 frontline health workers
118. 鍾南山 Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS)
119. 定點醫院 designated hospitals
120. 發熱門診 fever clinic
121. 重症監護病房 intensive care unit (ICU)
122. 檢疫所 quarantine office
123. 藥店 pharmacy; drugstore
05
病理症狀
124. 病理 pathology
125. 病原體 pathogen
126. 病毒變異 virus variation
127. 病毒突變 virus mutation
128. 臨床表現 clinical picture
129. 上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
130. 低氧血癥 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen
131. 纖維化 fibrosis
132. 肺膿腫 lung abscess
133. 雙肺浸潤性病灶 infiltration in both lungs
134. 發熱 fever
135. 乏力 fatigue
136. 乾咳 dry cough
137. 頭疼 headache
138. 胸悶 chest distress; chest oppression
139. 心慌 palpitations
140. 噁心想吐 nausea
141. 腹瀉 diarrhea
142. 呼吸困難 dyspnea; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties
143. 呼吸急促（氣促） shortness of breath; panting
144. 感染性休克 septic shock
06
器具名稱
145. 紅外體溫測量儀 infrared thermometer
146. 體溫檢測熱像儀 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring
147. 診斷器具 diagnostic tool/kit
148. 消毒液 disinfectant; antiseptic solution
149. 消毒溼巾 disinfectant/antiseptic wipes
150. 含酒精洗手液 alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer
151. 口罩 facemask; mask
152. N95口罩 N95 mask/respirator
153. 醫用外科口罩 surgical mask
154. 防護服 protective suit
155. 護目鏡 goggles
156. 一次性手套 disposable gloves
157. 負壓救護車 negative pressure ambulance
07
其他醫學名詞
158. 國際衛生條例 International Health Regulations (IHR)
159. 流行病學 epidemiology
160. 流行病學調查（流調） epidemiological investigation
161. 呼吸器官 respiratory organs
162. 呼吸道 respiratory tract
163. 消化系統 digestive system
164. 神經系統 nervous system
165. 腎功能 renal function
166. 流感 influenza; flu
167. 結膜炎 conjunctivitis; pink eye
168. 宿疾、慢性病 chronic ailment; chronic disease
169. 高血壓 hypertension; high blood pressure
170. 糖尿病 diabetes; diabetes mellitus
171. 心血管病 cardiovascular disease
172. 基因序列 genetic sequence
173. 基因結構 genetic structure
174. 試劑 reagent
175. 診斷 diagnosis
176. 檢測樣本 test sample
177. 醫學觀察 medical watch; medical observation
178. 病毒分離 virus isolation
179. 抗病毒藥 antiviral drug
180. 退燒藥 febrifuge; antipyretic
接著我們來看一下外媒相關報道，也順便學一學地道的句型。
1. 什麼是冠狀病毒？
What is a coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.
In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted (傳播，動詞)from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
冠狀病毒是一大類常見於動物的病毒的總稱。
據美國疾病控制和預防中心稱，在極少數情況下，科學家稱之為“人畜共患疾病”，這意味著它們可以從動物傳染給人類。
2. 冠狀病毒症狀
Coronavirus symptoms
The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract(上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.
For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia(肺炎) or bronchitis(支氣管炎).
There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly(致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).
The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath(呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.
通常表現為輕中度上呼吸道疾病，症狀類似於普通感冒。對於免疫力較弱的老年人和兒童，病毒有可能導致更嚴重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支氣管炎。
有些冠狀病毒是致命的，如中東呼吸綜合徵（MERS）和SARS。
目前認為，武漢冠狀病毒相較SARS和MERS更為溫和，潛伏時間更長。到目前為止，患者通常在一週內出現輕微咳嗽，隨後出現呼吸急促症狀。目前，大約15%到20%的病例病情出現惡化情況，需要入院並接受呼吸機治療。
3. 傳播途徑
How does it spread？
Viruses can spread from human contact(接觸) with animals.
When it comes to human-to-human transmission(傳播，名詞) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions(分泌物), such as droplets(小水滴，飛沫)in a cough.
Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure(暴露，接觸). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.
病毒可通過人類與動物的接觸傳播。
病毒在人與人之間傳播時，通常發生在接觸到感染者的分泌物時，例如咳嗽時的飛沫。
根據病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過觸摸被感染者觸摸過的東西，然後觸摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛來傳播。
4. 感染人群
Who is affected?
MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak(爆發). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.
儘管最近的武漢冠狀病毒疫情仍不確定，但MERS、SARS和武漢冠狀病毒似乎在老年人中會引起更嚴重的症狀。在迄今報道的武漢冠狀病毒病例中，尚未證實有兒童感染。感染者平均年齡在40歲以上。
Coronavirus treatment
There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own(自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.
Doctors can relieve(緩解) symptoms by prescribing(開處方)a pain or fever medication.
目前還沒有具體的治療方法，但研究仍在進行中。多數情況下症狀會自行消失，但專家建議儘早尋求治療。如果症狀比標準感冒更嚴重，請看醫生。
醫生可以通過開止痛藥或退燒藥來緩解症狀。
6. 武漢新型冠狀病毒嚴重程度
Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus？
The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate(致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but still comparable(相當) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic(大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.
武漢冠狀病毒死亡率低於SARS和MERS，但仍與1918年西班牙流感大流行相當。真實的病死率可能會更低，因為可能有大量較輕病例尚未發現
7. 如何預防
How can you prevent it?
You may be able to reduce your risk of infection(感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.
Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect(消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.
可以通過避開病人來降低感染的風險。儘量避免觸摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。經常用肥皂洗手，每次洗手至少20秒的時間。
預防意識是關鍵。如果你前往過武漢或與曾去過那裡的人接觸，有理由懷疑自己感染了武漢冠狀病毒，應報告醫療機構並儘早尋求治療。
咳嗽或噴嚏時捂住口鼻，並對觸摸的物體和表面進行消毒。
最後，它與季節性流感有哪些相似和不同？讓我們一起科學防控，抗擊疫情。
The novel coronavirus, which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12 countries, has much in common with seasonal flu. They are both viral infections, share similar symptoms and - crucially - can spread from human to human. In the midst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, telling the difference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.
起源於中國武漢市的新型冠狀病毒已擴散至12個國家，與季節性流感有很多相似之處。它們都是病毒感染，有相似的症狀，最重要的是，可以在人與人之間傳播。北半球大部分地區正處於流感季節，區分兩者對於阻止新型冠狀病毒的傳播至關重要。
Are the symptoms similar to that of the flu?
新型冠狀病毒感染症狀與流感相似嗎？
Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can cause respiratory infections similar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia and become lethal. However, the novel coronavirus is more serious than a "typical influenza infection," says Ian Jones, a professor of virology at the University of Reading.
人類冠狀病毒（一共有四種）可引起類似流感的呼吸道感染：雖然許多症狀很輕微，但兩者都可導致肺炎並致命。然而，雷丁大學的病毒學教授伊恩·瓊斯說，這種新型冠狀病毒比“典型的流感感染”更為嚴重。
"This virus appears to go further down into the lungs than would generally be the case, therefore giving you symptoms of pneumonia: the lungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets into breathing difficulty."
“這種病毒似乎更容易深入肺部，因此會出現肺炎的症狀：肺部積水，肺功能不佳，病人呼吸困難。”
Why is it more feared than the flu?
為什麼它比流感更可怕？
While the mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up being similar, humans' ability to fight off the viruses differ greatly.
雖然流感和新型冠狀病毒的死亡率和症狀可能很相似，但人類抗擊病毒的能力卻有很大不同。
Humans have naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and scientists have developed annual vaccines to fight it. During a pandemic, which the new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity in the population so you have potential for a global spread," warns Jones.
人類天生就會對季節性流感產生抗體，科學家們每年都會研製出流感疫苗。瓊斯警告說，這種新型冠狀病毒有可能成為流行病，“人們普遍對此沒有免疫力，因此有可能在全球範圍內傳播。”
antibody[ˈæntibɒdi]：n. [免疫]抗體
There is also a widespread familiarity with flu, which dampens concern. As with the Ebola epidemic and the Zika virus, both of which peaked in the middle of the last decade, fears around the new coronavirus are compounded due to a lack of knowledge over its nature.
人們對流感也很熟悉，這降低了人們的擔憂。正如同在2015年前後達到頂峰的埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒，由於對其性質缺乏瞭解，人們對這種新型冠狀病毒的擔憂加劇。
Is it as easy to catch as the flu?它和流感一樣容易傳染嗎？
Flu can spread from person to person from up to six feet away, largely caused by liquid emitted when the inflicted cough or sneeze. Those infected are usually contagious for around three days following the beginning of their illness, although this time-frame could stretch to over a week.
流感可以在相隔6英尺的人們之間傳播，主要是由患者咳嗽或打噴嚏時的飛沫引起。感染者通常在發病後三天左右具有傳染性，不過傳染期可能會延長至一週以上。
All this and more remains a mystery in regards to the new coronavirus. To understand the virility of the outbreak, Jones urges a focus on whether or not international cases lead to secondary infections. "If they don't," he explains, "it would suggest that the virus doesn't transmit quite so well: clearly all the people on the airplane (that traveled from an infected zone) didn't get it."
而對於新型冠狀病毒來說，所有這些仍然是一個謎。為了瞭解疫情的嚴重性，瓊斯敦促關注國際病例是否會導致第二代傳播。他解釋說：“如果沒有，那就意味著病毒傳播力減弱：很明顯，飛機上的所有人（從疫區起飛）都沒有感染。”
What you should do if you think you have it?
如果你認為患病了，應該怎麼做？
Medical advice is similar across those countries with confirmed cases of the infection. In France, authorities are asking those who think they are infected to call an ambulance rather than visiting a hospital, where they could potentially pass on the virus. Similar advice has been issued in China and Germany.
