Why older men are healthier than older women: Lack of menopauseleaves men feeling better (despite threat of dying younger)
为什么老男人比老女人更健康：因为没有绝经让男人感觉更好（没有英年早逝的危险）
Genes which come into play late in life could be the answer to why women sufferpoorer health than men in old age ? even though they live longer.
在人生最后发挥作用的基因或许能够解释为什么在老了之后，即使女性的寿命更长，但是往往不如男性健康的情况。
A study has revealed going through the menopause causes women to accumulategenes evolved to benefit males, which are bad for female health.
一项研究表明，经历更年期后，女性会逐渐积累对男性有益的进化后的基因，这对女性的健康有害。
But because men can remain fertile long into old age, their bodies do notsuffer the same decline when they pass middle age and they feel better forlonger.
然而，由于在衰老之前，男性能够长时间保持生育能力，他们的身体就不会在中年经历同样的衰退，这让男性感觉良好的时间更长。
Women are still likely to live longer - in the UK their life expectancy is 82.9years while men's is 79.2 - but they can expect to be in worse health.
女性活的时间更久——在英国，女性的平均寿命是82.9岁，而男性为79.2岁——但是，女性的健康状况更差。
Scientists put the effect down to a genetic 'sexual conflict', where differentgenes benefit or harm the sexes in different ways and are in a constant 'tug ofwar'.
科学家将这种效应归结为遗传性“性冲突”，不同的基因以不同的方式使性别受益或受到伤害，并且处于不断的“拉锯战”的状态。
Scientists at the University of Exeter did experiments on flies to track howgenes change after the female body stops preparing to reproduce - themenopause.
埃克塞特大学的科学家们用果蝇进行了实验，以追踪女性身体停止准备繁殖（更年期）后基因的变化。
They found because women no longer need to pass on their genes after middleage, they don't produce as many which would keep them healthy in later life.
科学家发现，因为女性在更年期之后，不再需要向下一代传递她们的基因，所以女性的身体不会产生很多能够让她们的余生更加健康（的基因）。
Whereas men remain fertile for longer so might need to pass on their genes atany time, meaning they are programmed to stay healthy and prepared to havechildren.
相比之下，男性能够长时间保持生育能力，他们可能随时需要传递他们的基因，这意味着他们需要保持健康并时刻准备生育孩子。
Past research has found women tend to feel worse in old age, even though menhave shorter lives and are more likely to die at any given time.
过去的研究发现，即使男性的寿命较短，并且在任何特定时间都更容易死亡，女性在老年时往往会感觉更糟。
This is called the male-female health-survival paradox.
这被称为男女健康生存悖论。
'Shared genes tether the sexes together in an evolutionary tug of war,' saidProfessor David Hosken, study co-author.
研究报告的共同作者之一大卫霍斯肯教授说，共同的基因在一场进化的拉锯战中将性别束缚在一起。
'Selection is trying to push females and males in different directions, but theshared genome means each sex stops the other from reaching its [optimum].
“自然选择试图将女性和男性推向不同的方向，但共享基因组意味着每个性别都会阻止另一个性别达到（最佳）。
'Basically, certain genes will make a good male but a bad female, and viceversa.
“基本来说，某些基因在对男性有益的同时，对女性产生不好的影响，反之亦然。
'However, after females reach menopause, they no longer reproduce to pass ontheir genes which means reproduction on females is greatly weakened.
“然而，在女性进入更年期之后，她们不再通过生育来传递自己的基因，这意味着对女性来说，生育变得非常不重要。
'So, after that point, any genes that improve late-life male fitness willaccumulate, even if they harm female fitness.'
“这样一来，能够让男性老年更加健康的基因就会积累，即使它们会损害女性的健康。”
The researchers said understanding why men's and women's health is different inold age is key to keeping people healthy as they live for longer, The Timesreported.
据泰晤士报报道，研究人员表示，了解为什么男性和女性的健康状况在老年时有所不同，是保持人们长寿的关键。
Professor Hosken said it was important to note that survival and health are notthe same thing.
霍斯肯教授说，认识到生存和健康不是一回事十分重要。
The study found when flies of both sexes were bred to make sure the males werestrong and fertile in old age, the females became sicker as a result.
该项研究发现，当两种性别的果蝇都进行繁殖以保证老年雄性果蝇更加强壮，并仍有繁殖能力时，雌性果蝇就会变得更加病态。
And data from this experiment supported findings of mathematical models thescientists made to use on humans.
来自该实验的数据支撑了科学家们在人类身上使用数学模型的发现。
This showed genes that are better at late-life male reproduction tend to beworse for females' health.
这表明对晚年男性生殖方面有益的基因往往对女性的健康状况有害。
The paper - Intralocus sexual conflict resolves the male-female, health-survivalparadox - was published in the journal Nature Communications.
相关文章《内在性别冲突解决了男-女、健康-生存悖论》在《自然-通讯》杂志上发表。
MILLENNIALS WILL BE HIT BY BACK PAIN, DIABETES AND DEMENTIA WHENTHEY RETIRE
千禧一代将在将在他们退休时被背痛，糖尿病和痴呆症折磨
Unhealthy lifestyles mean people in England can expect to spend their entireretirement in poor health, according to a report published last year.
根据去年发表的一份报告，不健康的生活方式意味着可以预见到英格兰人的整个退休生活都将生活在不健康当中。
Experts warned increasing numbers are suffering a 'toxic cocktail' of backpain, diabetes and dementia.
专家警告说，越来越多的人正在遭受 “有毒鸡尾酒”（的侵袭），如背痛，糖尿病和痴呆症。
Today's generation of children will spend more than a fifth of their lives in astate of bad health, Public Health England warned.
英国公共卫生局警告说，今天这一代的孩子将在健康状况不佳的情况下度过五分之一以上的生命。
Bosses said obesity, lack of exercise and smoking are driving the problem - andwarned that people need to take more responsibility for their own health.
老板们说，肥胖、缺乏锻炼和抽烟正加重这个问题，同时也警告人们需要对他们自己的健康更加负责。
Overall life expectancy is growing - with women now expected to live until 83and men until 79.
总体预期寿命正在增长 - 现在预计女性将活到83岁，而男性则活到79岁。
But people are now expected to spend the better part of two decades at the endof their life suffering from health conditions.
但人们现在预计，他们将在生命结束之前二十年里的大部分时间中，遭受健康问题的折磨。
PHE said boys born between 2013 and 2015 have an average 'healthy lifeexpectancy' of just 63.4 years - and will then spend another 16.1 years in poorhealth.
英国公共卫生部说，出生在2013年至2015年之间的男孩平均“健康预期寿命”仅为63.4岁，然后他们会在不健康状态下度过他们剩余的16.1年。
And girls on average will be healthy until 64.1 and will then be ill foranother 19.1 years.
女孩则将在64.1岁之前保持健康，然后剩下的19.1年中将在疾病中度过。
The problem is getting worse - with boys born 13 years previously, between 2000and 2002, expected to spend just 15.4 years of their life ill, and girls 18.1years.
这个问题正变得越来越严重——出生在13年前（2000年到2002年之间）的男孩，预计他们会在不健康状态下生活15.4年，女孩则是18.1年。
The public health body's Professor John Newton said: 'A significant proportionof our population cannot expect to live to their pension age in goodhealth.'
公共卫生机构的约翰·牛顿教授说：“我们很大一部分人口不能指望在他们该领养老金的时候，还依然保持健康的身体。”
评论内容：
SinnyinMelbourne
Women are the stronger sex, menstrual cycles, child birth, motherhood andmenopause, we deserve to live longer .
女性是更强的性别，月经、生孩子、哺育、更年期，我们理应活的更久。
elle -> SinnyinMelbourne
No, we just deal with what life throws at us, just like everyone (male andfemale).
不，我们只是在处理生活对我们的影响，人人都是这样（男人和女人）。
Bachy
Then why do we die years earlier?
那么为什么我们会（比女人）早几年死呢？
Brummie
It's why women used to be treated with more respect.
这就为什么女人需要受到更多的尊重。
Connburd -> Brummie
What? Your gender should define the level of respect you receive, but who youare as a person
什么？你的性别应该决定你受到多少尊重？但作为一个人，你算老几？
KittenKat
That's why you take HRT.
这就是你进行激素替代治疗（注射雌性激素以缓解更年期症状的疗法，译者注）的原因。
MrsPatriotic -> KittenKat
Not everyone can take HRT
I myself and me
Meno:curse
米诺：诅咒
Poppy Donnegan
I don't see this at all, if anything the older women are often in betterphysical shape. Women's mental health seems to suffer after menopause though.
我根本不知道这一点，如果老年妇女通常身体状况更好的话。不过，女性的精神健康似乎在绝经后会受到影响。
MrsReeves
Then why do women live longer
所以为什么女人活得更久呢？
Marshy One
Clearly men don't remain fertile forever. Death puts a stop to that.
很明显男人不能永远保持自己的生育能力。死亡阻止了这一点。
Tweediepie
Sounds like men getting the blame again.
听起来好像男性又被批评了。
elle -> Tweediepie
No one blames anyone other than nature for this.
对这件事，除了大自然之外，没人去责怪别人。