聽說寶寶們要面臨期末考試的挑戰了,作為寶爸寶媽,趕緊收藏這份小學英語最全知識點,為寶寶助力期末考試!
一、基礎知識
1.字母:26個字母的大小寫
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
2.語音:元音的發音
5個元音字母:A E I O U
12個單元音:
前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]後元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]雙元音(8個)合口雙元音[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中雙元音[iə] [εə] [uə]3.詞彙:詞彙量,近反義詞
4.句子:大小寫,標點符號
二、語法知識
名詞:名詞單複數,名詞的格
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:a) 單數後加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirtb) 以s 結尾的複數名詞後加 ’ 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 結尾的複數後加's children's shoes並列名詞中,如果把 's加在最後一個名詞後,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在並列名詞後加's, 如:Tom's and Mike's cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車(2) 表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“of +名詞”來表示所有關係:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類
(1) 不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange
the egg / the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.複述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.在序數詞前:John's birthday is February the second.用於固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠詞的情況:
專有名詞前:China is a big country.名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.複數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus代詞、形容詞、副詞
代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級
(一)、形容詞的比較級
1. 形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:
兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級後面一般帶有單詞 than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than後的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2. 形容詞加er的規則:
一般在詞尾加er ;以字母e 結尾,加r ;以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;以“輔音字母+y”結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。3. 不規則形容詞比較級:
good-better,
beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1. 形容詞與副詞的區別(有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處於名詞之前或be動詞之後⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處於實義動詞之後2. 副詞比較級的變化規則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規則變化:well-better, far-farther)
動詞:動詞的四種時態
(1) 一般現在時:
一般現在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學習英語。當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞後加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y 結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2) 一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
A、規則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改 y 為 i 再加 ed (此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加 y ,所以不屬於此類)④ 雙寫最後一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stoppedB、不規則動詞(此類詞並無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3) 一般將來時:
基本結構:
①be going to + do;②will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4) 現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞
動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing③ 雙寫最後一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting三、句法
1.陳述句
(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:
(2) 否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:
I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑問句
一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用“yes",或“no”來回答。
特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什麼就答什麼,不能用“yes /no”來回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型與have, has的區別