「高考英語」英語語法——三種非謂語動詞的重要考點總結

「高考英語」英語語法——三種非謂語動詞的重要考點總結

一.非謂語動詞作狀語

不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的比較

1、不定式作目的、原因、結果狀語

1)作目的狀語:有三種形式,可互換:to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用於句首)

2)作原因狀語:不定式常放在表示情緒反應的形容詞後。如:happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed… 不定式不放在句首。

3) 作結果狀語: 不定式作結果狀語通常表意外的結果。

e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打開門,結果發現房間是空的。

①. 動詞不定式前可以加上only, 更加強調'意外,想不到'。還可加never, 表示

'沒有再…

②. 動詞不定式作結果狀語的其他幾種方式: so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,

too…to , enough to等。

2、分詞 (現在分詞、過去分詞)可作時間、條件、讓步、方式、原因、結果狀語,就不作目的狀語。注:表示時間、條件或讓步的分詞,有時可帶上連詞(if, unless, when, while, once(一旦) though, although)

即:尋找句子主語 琢磨主語與非謂語動詞的關係,主動doing, 被動done ,先於謂語動詞用having done/having been done

非謂語動詞中兩種結果狀語的區別:

①to do 作結果狀語表出乎意料

②doing 作結果狀語表順其自然

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.

It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.

二、非謂語動詞作定語

非謂語動詞做定語有以下幾種形式;

doing 1、作動名詞講時做定語表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool.

2、作現在分詞講時,所修飾名詞或代詞與其是一種主謂(主動)關係,有時還表進行。如; falling leaves

done(過去分詞) 表示被動(與所修飾的詞是動賓關係)或完成。如;fallen leaves

being done 現在分詞的被動結構,表是正在被……只做後置定語,即放在所修飾名詞之後 。如;the bridge being built

to do (to be done)動詞不定式做定語常表示將來,有主動與被動兩種形式。

1、 所修飾的詞與不定式動作是一種被動關係這時注意選擇是用to do ,還是to be done.

1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.

2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

2、所修飾的詞與不定式是是一種主謂(主動)關係,這些詞前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修飾。

3.與所修飾的詞一種同位關係,這些詞通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。the way to learn English

注意:1、非謂語動詞做定語的時,有時可以與定語從句進行轉換。

3.任何非謂語動詞的否定是直接在前面加not.

4.單個的分詞作定語放在所修飾的詞之前,分詞短語作定語,放在所修飾的詞之後。動詞不定式只能做後置定語。

5.不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成,無被動

非謂語動詞可做定語的三種被動式:

①done(完成過的被動)

His first book published last month is based on a true story.

②being done(正在進行的被動)

His first book being published now is based on a true story.

③to be done(將要發生的被動)

His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

三.非謂語動詞作賓補

考點一 感官動詞 see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/notice等

1. 賓語與補語之間是主動關係

See sb do sth(動作全過程)

See sb doing sth (動作正在進行)

2.被動關係

See sth done (被動完成)

See sth being done(被動進行)

考點二 let的複合結構 :

1 Let + 賓語+ do 讓...做...

2 Let + 賓語+ be + done 讓...被...

考點三 leave 的複合結構 ,意為 :使。。。處於某種狀態

1 leave sb doing sth 讓某人一直...

(賓語與賓補之間是邏輯上的主動關係,表示動作正在進行)

It's wrong of you to leave the machine running

2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事

(賓語與賓補之間是邏輯上的主動關係,不定式動作表將來)

He left , leaving me to do all the work .

3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做

(賓語與賓補之間是邏輯上的被動關係,不定式表將來被動)

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled .

4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作 (

賓語與賓補之間是邏輯上的被動關係,

表示被動和完成。常見的賓補動詞有 undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等)

考點四 have / get "使、讓、叫

1 have/get sth done 使/讓某事由別人做(叫/讓某人做某事)

2 have sb do sth = get sb to do sth 使/讓某人去做某事

3 have sb/sth doing 使...持續地...= keep sb /sth doing .

4 get sb/sth doing 使某人/某物開始。。

考點五 make +賓語+do /done

考點六 下列動詞和動詞詞組常用不定式做賓補,

即"動詞/動詞詞組+sb +to do sth "

advise/allow/ask/beg/cause/encourage/expect/

forbid/force/get/intend/invite/order/want/ warn

其它 keep sb doing/keep sth done

with +賓語+補語(doing/done/to do)

死記短語

be addicted to…沉迷於……

be absorbed in…全神貫注於……

be aimed at…旨在/意圖……

be armed with…有……裝備

be buried in…埋葬在……

be based on/upon…以 ……為基礎

be burdened with…擔負著……

be crowded with…擠滿了……

be covered with/by…覆蓋著……

be coated with…塗抹了……

be combined with…與……聯合

be compared with…與……相比較

be caught in…陷入……

be lost in…沉迷於……

be concerned about…關心……

be dressed in…穿著……

be devoted to…專心致志於……

be divided into…分成(幾份/幾組)

be designed/meant/intended for…專為……而設計

be engaged in…忙於……

be engaged to sb.與某人訂婚

be fixed on…專注於 ……

be faced with…面臨著……

be filled with…裝滿了……

be greeted with…受到了……問候

be grown up 已經長大了

be hidden in…躲在……

be linked to…與……有關

be connected with…與……相連/有關

be made of/from/up of 由……製成/由……組成

be known as/for/to…以……著稱/因……著名

be recovered from…從……中康復

be loaded with…載有……

be located in/on/at…位於……

be married (to sb.)與某人結婚

be paved with…鋪著……

be replaced with…更換為……

be related to/with…與……有關

be separated from…與……隔開

be shouldered with…肩負著……

be stationed in…駐紮在……

be surrounded with/by…四周環繞著……


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