名詞及所有格……名詞：表示人、事物、地方、現象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞。
一、 名詞的分類
名
詞 | 類 別 | 意 義 | 例 詞 | ||
| 專有名詞 | 表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機構、團體等的專有名稱 | Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall | ||
| 普通名詞 | 可 數 名 詞 | 個體名詞 | 表示單個人的人或事物 | girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country |
|
|
| 集合 名詞 | 表示一群人或一些事物的總稱 | people, police, team, clothes, group, crew |
|
| 不 可 數 名 詞 | 物質名詞 | 表示無法分為個體的物質 | water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli |
|
|
| 抽象名詞 | 表示抽象概念的詞 | fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care |
注：1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構等特有的名稱。第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。
2、由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞"the" ，但它不大寫。
3、有些不可數名詞有時表示為具體的東西時，則變為可數名詞，而且意思上也有了變化。
eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒， work--- a work 工廠，著作 ，glass---a glass 一個玻璃杯， room空間---a room一個房間
二、名詞的所有格
名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關係,有兩種表示形式, 一種是在名詞後+'s；另一種是用of, 表示 "……的"
1. (1) 一般詞的所有格, 直接在詞尾 +'s。
eg. Mr. Mott's robot, children's clothes
(2) 以s或者es結尾的複數名詞，所有格只在詞尾 +' eg. teachers' books
以s結尾的單數名詞（通常為人名）+ ’或者’s eg: Engels’ book
不以s結尾的複數名詞+ ‘s eg: the children’s bags/ the women’s work/
複合名詞+’s eg: a grown-up’s education 成人教育
(3) 兩人共有的物體, 則在第二個名詞後+'s; 如果分別是兩人所有, 則在每個名詞後面+'s。
eg. Lucy and Lily's room. (指兩人共住一個房間)
Mrs Green's and Mrs Brown's son. (指兩人各自的兒子)
(4) 表示某具體場所時, 所有格後面的名詞可省略
eg. the doctor's (office) Mr. White's
2.(1) 沒有生命的事物一般用of 短語來表示所屬關係。
eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，
(2) 名詞的的定語較長時,有生命的事物也可用of短語表示。
eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man
(4) 雙重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom's
(5) 有些表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加's來構成所有格。
eg. ten minutes' walk, today's newspaper
例題
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes' walk B. 25 minute's walk
C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room's number B. rooms' number C. room numbers D. rooms' numbers
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family B. house C. home D. room
8. ________ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter's B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary's and Peter D. Mary's and Peter's
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle's C. her uncles D. aunt's
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister's
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
14. "Would you like _________?" "________, please."
A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees
C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions
C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions
選擇練習
1． Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's D.my father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's
10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'
11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?
--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
--- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject B. music C. book D. animal
13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.
A. place B. room C. field D. ground
14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it
A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk
15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news
18. Which is the ________ to the post office?
A. street B. way C. road D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
A. are B. is C. am D. were
一、答案及解析：
1. 解析: much 是用來修飾不可數名詞的, A B D三個選項均是可是名詞的複數形式, C項為不可數名詞, 因此選C.
2. 解析: orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應填可數名詞, 第二空填不可數名詞, 因此選 C。
3. 解析: 句中的 minute應該用其複數的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此選A。
4. 解析: person 與people 都有"人" 的意思, 但用法不同. "一個人"用 "a person",
"兩個人" 用 "two persons"; people 泛指 "人們"是集合名詞,表示複數, the people 指 "人民", a people 指 "一個民族". 應選B。
5. 解析: chicken 可用作可數名詞指小雞,用作不可數名詞指雞肉,根據詞題意應理解為雞肉;apple為可數名詞, 故應+s, 因此選D。
6. 解析: room number 房間號碼. room可直接用作定語修飾後面的名詞 . 類似的還有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 應選C。
7. 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選C.
8. 解析: 此句中 "mothers"是複數,表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應選D。
9. 解析: 此句意為 "李雷這個去她舅舅家多次". 表示具體場所時, 可省去所有格後面的名詞.
因此選B。
10. 解析: experience 作 "經驗" 講時是不可數名詞, 作 "經歷"講時是可數名詞. 本句中應理解為 "經驗",因此是不可數名詞,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用於肯定句, 不用於否定句, 因此選B。
11. 解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應選D。
12. 解析: Frenchman 是複合詞,其複數形式為 Frenchmen; German 的複數為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應選A.
13. 解析: team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示複數意義(指整個小組) , 也可指小組中的成員(表示複數), 此題意為後者, 因此選B。
14. 解析: drink 和coffee是不可數名詞, 可以用…of來表示數量, eg, three cups of coffee,
當前面加a 時,則表示 "一杯"．因此選C。
15. 解析：earth 是不可數名詞，因此刪除B D,數以百萬的應為millions of .因此選A
參考答案： 1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB
歡迎大家圍觀
閱讀更多 公民老師 的文章
