第13講
高中生必看，4級考試必會。
1. close ADJ&ADV
(1)ADJ：親密的；嚴密的；接近的▲My younger brother and I are very close. 我和弟弟很親。▲Please pay close attention to where they will set out. 請密切注意他們的動向。▲Our new house is close to the school. 我們的新房子離學校很近。
(2)ADV：接近地；緊挨著▲Mother held Tom close and pressed her cheek to his.媽媽緊緊地抱著湯姆，並把臉頰貼在他的臉上。
【辨析】close和closely用作副詞的區別
易混詞
辨析
例句
close
指距離、場所、地點等的“接近，靠近”，是一種實際意義上的“接近”
They live close to the museum. 他們住在靠近博物館的地方。
closely
指抽象意義上的“接近”，多用於比喻意義，有“親密地，密切地，仔細地”等意思
They watched him closely in case he should escape.他們嚴密監視他，唯恐他會逃脫。
（注意：固定短語close to有“接近；幾乎；大概；差不多”的意思。▲She was close to tears. 她幾乎要哭出來了。）
2. burst out 突然發生，突然……起來▲The war burst out in December when people were expecting Christmas. 戰爭爆發於12月，那時人們正期待著聖誕節的到來。▲When I was fixing my eyes on the picture, they burst out laughing. 當我正注視著那幅畫時，他們突然大笑起來。
【鏈接】
burst into 突然迸發（尤指開始唱歌、哭、笑等），闖入▲Hardly had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst into tears / burst out crying. 她一聽到邁克爾·傑克遜去世的消息，就失聲痛哭起來。▲He burst into the room without knocking at the door. 他沒敲門就闖入了房間。
（注意：表示“突然……起來”時，burst out為“動詞+副詞”結構，後面跟動名詞作賓語；而burst into為“動詞+介詞”結構，後接名詞作賓語。一定要牢記，不要混淆。）
3. knock...over （開車）撞傷，撞死，撞倒；打翻；撞翻▲The bad man knocked over the old man with the black car. 那個壞人用這輛黑色汽車把老人撞傷了。▲He knocked over the chair close to my desk. 他把緊挨著我桌子的那把椅子撞翻了。▲Who knocked that bottle over? 誰把那個瓶子打翻了？
【拓展】
knock into 撞到……上；把……敲進……
knock at / on 敲（門等）
4. lose interest in 對……失去興趣▲If the class is too boring, students will lose interest in learning. 如果課堂太乏味，學生們會失去學習的興趣。▲By that time I had lost all interest in the idea. 那時我已對此想法完全失去了興趣。
【鏈接】
take / have (an) interest in 對……感興趣 ▲Why do you have an interest in stamps? 你為什麼對郵票感興趣？
show interest in 對……表現出興趣 ▲However, fewer and fewer people show interest in voting. 然而，越來越少的人對投票感興趣。
be interested in 對……感興趣 ▲I think you may be interested in our new product. 我想你或許對我們的新產品感興趣。
hold one’s interest (in) 使某人保持（對……的）興趣
place of interest 名勝
5. from time to time（=occasionally）偶爾，有時，間或▲They burst out laughing in the classroom from time to time. 他們在教室裡偶爾會突然大笑起來。▲Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time nature takes a terrible revenge for it. 人類可以破壞自然的平衡，但自然會不時地施行可怕的報復。
【拓展】
(1)time短語集錦：
at all times 總是；永遠
all the time 一直，始終
at a time 每一次，逐一
at one time 曾經，一度
on time 準時，按時
in no time 立刻，馬上
at times 偶爾，有時
in time 及時；遲早
at no time 決不
ahead of time 提前
(2)from...to...常用於下列結構（注意：名詞前不用冠詞）：
from side to side 從一邊到另一邊
from hand to hand 從一人之手到他人之手
from door to door 挨家挨戶
from head to foot 從頭至腳，全身
from beginning to end 從頭至尾
from morning to night 從早到晚
6. go through
(1)經歷；經受（多指痛苦的事情）▲The country has gone through too many wars.這個國家經歷了太多的戰爭。
(2)仔細檢查；審查▲I start a new day by going through my e-mails from time to time. 我早上時不時查閱我的電子郵件來開始新的一天。
(3)（指法律、法案等）被正式通過或接受▲The bill went through two months later. 兩個月之後，該法案被正式通過。
(4)通過（考試）▲He went through the driving test and bought a new car last year. 去年他通過了駕駛考試，併購買了一輛新車。
【拓展】
go after 追求
go ahead 開始；進行
go by （時光）逝去；過去
go down 下降；減少；倒下；落下
go out 熄滅；停止運轉；過時
go over 仔細檢查；複習
go up 上升；增長
go on 發生；繼續
7. large / small amounts of 大量的/少量的▲Large amounts of money were spent on the injured old man who was knocked over by a car. 花了大量的錢來醫治這位被車撞傷的老人。
【拓展】
a large / good / great amount of 大量的
a small amount of 少量的
in large / small amounts 大/少量地
【鏈接】表示“大量的”結構：
a number of / quite a few +可數名詞複數
many a(n) / more than one +可數名詞單數
a large amount of / a great deal of +不可數名詞
a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a quantity of / quantities of +可數名詞複數/不可數名詞
（注意：amount(s) of前可以用large，small，great等修飾，接不可數名詞，其後謂語根據amount的單複數而定，而a quantity / quantities of後接可數或不可數名詞，其後謂語根據quantity的單複數而定。(就主謂一致而言，看amount與quantity的單複數；就後接成分而言，前者只接不可數名詞，後者接可數、不可數名詞皆可)）
【一言辨異】
He was a large amount of money while I have a large number of books. 他有許多錢，而我有許多書。
8. count V
(1)數，點……的數目▲Don’t forget to count your large amounts of change in your pocket. 不要忘記數一數你口袋裡大量的零錢。
(2)很重要，很有價值▲First impressions really do count. 第一印象確實很重要。▲His promises don’t count for much. 他的承諾並無多大價值。
【拓展】
count on / upon 指望，依靠
count in / out 把/不把……算在內
【鏈接】
常見的表示“依靠，依賴”的短語還有：depend on / rely on / draw on.
而且這幾個短語常用於固定句式：count on / depend on / rely on / draw on it that...，表示“指望/依賴……”。▲You can count on it that he is very smart.你就相信吧，他非常聰明的。
9. make up 和解；彌補；構成，組成；編造，虛構；化妝▲They two finally made up after two months’ time without even a single word. 兩個月互不理睬之後他們兩個人終於重歸於好了。▲They made up their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson. 他們每節課都認真準備，以彌補自己經驗的不足。▲Make up sentences with the words given. 用所給的詞語造句。▲Is she telling the truth, or making it all up? 她說的是事實，還是純屬虛構？▲The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James. 這位姑娘在與詹姆斯會面之前，精心打扮了一番。
（注意：表示“彌補，補償”時，make up可以直接加賓語，也可以與for連用後再加賓語。▲His intelligence made up for his lack of personal charm. 他的智慧彌補了他的容貌缺陷。▲They’ll do all they can to make up the economic losses.他們要用盡一切力量彌補這些經濟損失。）
10. regret VT&N：
(2)CN&UN：懊悔；悔恨；遺憾；惋惜▲（express one’s regret at / over 對……表示遺憾/惋惜/懊悔）The company expressed deep regret at the accident. 公司對此次事故深表遺憾。▲（with regret 遺憾地，懊悔地）▲（much to one’s regret 令某人非常遺憾的是）We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you next year. 讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們認為明年不能去拜訪你了。
11. keep in touch (with) （與……）保持聯繫；瞭解▲Let’s keep in touch. 讓我們保持聯絡。▲I try to keep in touch with current events by reading the newspapers. 我通過讀報紙來儘量瞭解時事。
【助記】
（我們先）失去聯繫 lose touch (with) / be out of touch (with)
（再）取得聯繫 get in touch (with)
（然後一直）保持聯繫 stay / keep / be in touch (with)。
▲We’ve been out of touch with Roger for years now. 我們至今已有數年未與羅傑聯繫了。▲Now that my mother has a telephone, it’s much easier to get in touch with her. 因為我母親有電話，所以與她聯繫方便多了。▲I regret having lost touch with most of my friends from college. 我很後悔與大學時期的大多數朋友都已經失去了聯繫。▲Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 無論你去哪裡，請與我保持聯繫。
（注意：lose / get in touch (with)表示動作，不能與表示時間段的時間狀語連用；stay / keep be in touch (with)與be out of touch (with)表示狀態，可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。）
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