傳統文化篇
四大發明：the four great inventions
印刷術/*活字印刷術：printing/movable-type printing
造紙術：paper-making
指南針：compass
火藥：gunpowder
絲綢之路：the Silk Road
瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery
硬幣/紙幣：coins/paper bills
對外貿易/海外貿易/*海上貿易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce
古代文明：ancient civilization
文化交流：cultural exchange
文化衝突：cultural shock/cultural conflict
文化產業：cultural industry
文化遺產：cultural heritage
鄉村文化：rural culture
民族文化：national culture
民間藝術：folk art
表演藝術：performing art
特徵：feature/characteristic
祖先：ancestor
哲學家：philosopher
中國文學：Chinese literature
中外學者：Chinese and overseas scholars
鉅著：great works
顯著成就：remarkable achievements
神話/傳說：myth/legend
陽曆/陰曆：solar calendar/lunar calendar
金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth
工藝/手工藝品：craft/ handicraft
唐朝：Tang Dynasty
始於...年/持續...時間/滅亡：begin in/last for/collapse
統治/統治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)
在...統治下：during the reign of ...
權力/權威：power/authority
戲劇/京劇/劇院：drama/Peking Opera/theater
詩人/政客：poet/politician
少數民族：ethnic minority
社會地位：social status
起源於：originate in/from …
（在一個地方起源用in，從一個地方起源用from）
追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…
發源地：birthplace
古代：ancient times
現代：modern times
獨特元素：a unique element
組成（選一背誦即可）：
A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A組成B）
B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A組成）
【常見錯誤：切忌不要用comprise of】
工業革命：industrial revolution
代表：represent/stand for
象徵：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)
繁榮：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)
國寶：national treasure
*腐敗：corruption
*擴大領土：extend the territory/domain
*奪取政權：seize the power
*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
*下棋飲茶：play chess and drink tea
*耕耘收割：sow and reap
*織布縫衣：weave and sew
*湖上打漁：fish on the lake
*砍柴採藥：cut firewood and gather herbs
*吟詩作畫：compose poems and paint pictures
經典模板句：
1. 中國武術（martial art）的起源可以追溯到自衛的需要、狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓練 (CET-4)。
The origin of Chinese martial art can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training.
2. 構成現在世界基礎的許多元素都起源於中國 (CET-4)。
Many elements which constitute/comprise the foundation of the modern world originated in China.
3. 最出名的就是門神和三大神——福神、薪神和壽神（Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity），寓意著莊稼豐收，家畜興旺和慶祝春節 (CET-4,6)。
The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary
and Longevity, symbolizing/which symbolize the good/abundant harvest of crops, the
prosperity of domestic/home animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.
4. 那時，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的 (CET-4)。
At that time, yellow was only/exclusively used for the emperor. The royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color.
5. 反應在藝術和文學中的鄉村生活理想是中國文明的重要特徵。這在很大程度上歸功於道家（Taoist）對自然的感情。(CET-6)
The rural life ideal reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection towards nature.
6. 漢朝統治期間有很多顯著的成就，它最先向其他文化敞開了大門，對外貿易興旺。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向中西亞乃至羅馬，各類藝術流派繁榮，湧現了很多文學，歷史，哲學鉅著。(CET-6)
There are a number of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty, which first unlocked the door to other cultures and made foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road which the Han dynasty has explored led to Central and Western Asia, and even to Rome, with all varieties of art schools flourishing and many works in literature, history and philosophy.
7. 大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但是現在特指不久前金價大跌時大量購買黃金的中國婦女。(CET-6)
The word “dama” is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it particularly refers to those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a large amount of gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.
8. 宋朝還最早使用火藥併發明瞭活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增長迅速，越來越多的人住進城市，那裡有熱鬧的娛樂場所。社會生活多種多樣。人們聚集在一起觀看和交易珍貴藝術品。宋朝的政府體質在當時也是先進的。政府官員均通過競爭性考試選拔任用。(CET-6)
The Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and to invent movable-type printing. With rapidly increasing population, more and more people moved into cities, in which entertainment venues were very busy. There are many forms of social life. The Song dynasty also had an advanced government system in the world. All of the government officials were selected and appointed through the competitive examination.
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