初中英語代詞情態動詞總結及練習題
情態動詞
專題：情態動詞
（一）情態動詞的定義
情態動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度。
（二）情態動詞的特點
1）有一定詞義；
2）不受主語人稱和數的變化影響；
3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構成謂語（除ought to作固定詞組看待）。
（三）情態動詞的基本用法
1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指過去的能力。
She can dance well but two years ago she couldn’t dance at all.
2）表示推測“可能” 多用於否定句和疑問句。用於肯定句時表示（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。Could 表示可能性更小。
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.
他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
Can it be true?
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子裡走時勿吸菸，那樣可能會引起火災。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
氣溫可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
3）表示請求允許。“可以”Could 語氣更加委婉。
Can (could) I have a look at your new pen?
我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？
4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度。主要用於否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
How can you be so careless? 你怎麼這麼粗心？
2. may (might)
1）表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現在時間，語氣更委婉。多用於否定句
和疑問句
You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什麼就拿什麼。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？
在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式
Yes, please. / Certainly. /sure /yes，you can.
No, you can’t./ Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.
2）表推測“可能”用於否定句和肯定句might可以指過去時間，也可以指現在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔心他們可能不同意他的意見。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。
3. must
1）表示義務。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。
You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。
Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我們現在就要交練習本嗎？
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
No, you don’t have to.
No, you don’t need to.
You’d better not.
注意：不必。一般不用mustn’t。mustn’t表示禁止。
2）表示推測。強有力的 有證據的推測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用於肯句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴著鑽石項鍊，一定很有錢。
4. shall
1）表徵詢意見，用於第一、第三人稱疑問句。
Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎？
Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？
What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什麼？
2）表說話人的意願，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用於第二、第三人稱陳 述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答覆。（允諾）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會後悔的，我告訴你。（警告）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
什麼也不能阻止我們執行這項計劃。（決心）
5. will
1）表意願，用於各種人稱陳述句。
I will do anything for you. 我願為你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不願看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你願意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。
2）表請求，用於疑問句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關上好嗎？有點冷。
Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎？
3）表示某種傾向或習慣性動作。
Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。
The door won’t open. 這門打不開。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那裡好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。
6.would（will的過去式）
1）表意願。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我願意為你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？
They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他們不會有什麼反對意見。
3）表過去反覆發生的動作或過去的一種傾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。
7. should
1）表義務。意為“應該”（某件事宜於做），用於各種人稱。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應該有禮貌。
You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不應該浪費時間。
2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應該、估計”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。
They should be home by now.
照說他們現在應當已經到家了。
8. ought to
1）表義務，意為“應該”（因責任、義務等該做），口氣比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應當管他。
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不應該抽這麼多煙。
2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞，明天應該是個好天。
9. used to
表示過去的習慣動作或狀態，現在不復發生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。
He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.
他過去住在鄉下，現在住在城裡。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角處過去有座樓房，現在拆了。
I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我過去不抽菸。
Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學校嗎？
10.need作情態動詞的用法：
1）need用作情態動詞時表“必須必要”的意思,後直接跟動詞原型,且need無人稱、數的變化。need用作情態動詞時常用於否定句和疑問句中.
Need he bring his laptop tomorrow?明天他必須帶他的筆記本過來嗎?
You needn't worry about it becuse it's not your fault.行啦,你不必擔心的因為那不是你的錯.
注意:
need與must引導的一般疑問句的否定回答時一樣的。
2）need作實意動詞的用法：
1、need + something 需要某物
I need some fruits to eat.我需要些水果來吃.
2、need to do something 需要做某事
You don't need to have the bike repaired right away.你不必馬上去修車.
3、need doing = need to be done 需要……
The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.房間需要打掃了.
4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事
I need someone to help me out of this problem.
我需要找人來幫助我解決這個問題.
3）need作名詞的用法：
need用作名詞時,既可以是可數名詞,也可以是不可數名詞.主要常用句型如下：
1、(There's) no need to do something 沒必要做某事
There's no need to cover such a long distance.沒必要走那麼遠的距離.
2、in (great) need of （非常）需要
The rescue team is in great need of medicine.救援小組非常需要藥品.
3、if need be 如果需要的話
If need be,I'm going to do you a favor.如果需要的話我會幫你的.
（四）幾組詞的辨異
1. can 和be able to
1）情態動詞can只有兩種時態形式，現在式can和過去式could，而be able to有多種 時態形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.
瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。
2）用在過去時中，could經常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而was∕were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。
He could across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day.
他能遊過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想遊。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家裡。
2. must和 have to
must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由於客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式。
I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒菸。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。
（五）練習
1. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't
2. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself.
A. may B. might C. will D. might have
3. You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ?
A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.
4. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
5. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can
6. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
7. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
8. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
9. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
10. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
12. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may B. might C. can D. could
13. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
14. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work
15. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
16. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
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