Why older men are healthier than older women: Lack of menopauseleaves men feeling better (despite threat of dying younger)
為什麼老男人比老女人更健康：因為沒有絕經讓男人感覺更好（沒有英年早逝的危險）
Genes which come into play late in life could be the answer to why women sufferpoorer health than men in old age ? even though they live longer.
在人生最後發揮作用的基因或許能夠解釋為什麼在老了之後，即使女性的壽命更長，但是往往不如男性健康的情況。
A study has revealed going through the menopause causes women to accumulategenes evolved to benefit males, which are bad for female health.
一項研究表明，經歷更年期後，女性會逐漸積累對男性有益的進化後的基因，這對女性的健康有害。
But because men can remain fertile long into old age, their bodies do notsuffer the same decline when they pass middle age and they feel better forlonger.
然而，由於在衰老之前，男性能夠長時間保持生育能力，他們的身體就不會在中年經歷同樣的衰退，這讓男性感覺良好的時間更長。
Women are still likely to live longer - in the UK their life expectancy is 82.9years while men's is 79.2 - but they can expect to be in worse health.
女性活的時間更久——在英國，女性的平均壽命是82.9歲，而男性為79.2歲——但是，女性的健康狀況更差。
Scientists put the effect down to a genetic 'sexual conflict', where differentgenes benefit or harm the sexes in different ways and are in a constant 'tug ofwar'.
科學家將這種效應歸結為遺傳性“性衝突”，不同的基因以不同的方式使性別受益或受到傷害，並且處於不斷的“拉鋸戰”的狀態。
Scientists at the University of Exeter did experiments on flies to track howgenes change after the female body stops preparing to reproduce - themenopause.
埃克塞特大學的科學家們用果蠅進行了實驗，以追蹤女性身體停止準備繁殖（更年期）後基因的變化。
They found because women no longer need to pass on their genes after middleage, they don't produce as many which would keep them healthy in later life.
科學家發現，因為女性在更年期之後，不再需要向下一代傳遞她們的基因，所以女性的身體不會產生很多能夠讓她們的餘生更加健康（的基因）。
Whereas men remain fertile for longer so might need to pass on their genes atany time, meaning they are programmed to stay healthy and prepared to havechildren.
相比之下，男性能夠長時間保持生育能力，他們可能隨時需要傳遞他們的基因，這意味著他們需要保持健康並時刻準備生育孩子。
Past research has found women tend to feel worse in old age, even though menhave shorter lives and are more likely to die at any given time.
過去的研究發現，即使男性的壽命較短，並且在任何特定時間都更容易死亡，女性在老年時往往會感覺更糟。
This is called the male-female health-survival paradox.
這被稱為男女健康生存悖論。
'Shared genes tether the sexes together in an evolutionary tug of war,' saidProfessor David Hosken, study co-author.
研究報告的共同作者之一大衛霍斯肯教授說，共同的基因在一場進化的拉鋸戰中將性別束縛在一起。
'Selection is trying to push females and males in different directions, but theshared genome means each sex stops the other from reaching its [optimum].
“自然選擇試圖將女性和男性推向不同的方向，但共享基因組意味著每個性別都會阻止另一個性別達到（最佳）。
'Basically, certain genes will make a good male but a bad female, and viceversa.
“基本來說，某些基因在對男性有益的同時，對女性產生不好的影響，反之亦然。
'However, after females reach menopause, they no longer reproduce to pass ontheir genes which means reproduction on females is greatly weakened.
“然而，在女性進入更年期之後，她們不再通過生育來傳遞自己的基因，這意味著對女性來說，生育變得非常不重要。
'So, after that point, any genes that improve late-life male fitness willaccumulate, even if they harm female fitness.'
“這樣一來，能夠讓男性老年更加健康的基因就會積累，即使它們會損害女性的健康。”
The researchers said understanding why men's and women's health is different inold age is key to keeping people healthy as they live for longer, The Timesreported.
據泰晤士報報道，研究人員表示，瞭解為什麼男性和女性的健康狀況在老年時有所不同，是保持人們長壽的關鍵。
Professor Hosken said it was important to note that survival and health are notthe same thing.
霍斯肯教授說，認識到生存和健康不是一回事十分重要。
The study found when flies of both sexes were bred to make sure the males werestrong and fertile in old age, the females became sicker as a result.
該項研究發現，當兩種性別的果蠅都進行繁殖以保證老年雄性果蠅更加強壯，並仍有繁殖能力時，雌性果蠅就會變得更加病態。
And data from this experiment supported findings of mathematical models thescientists made to use on humans.
來自該實驗的數據支撐了科學家們在人類身上使用數學模型的發現。
This showed genes that are better at late-life male reproduction tend to beworse for females' health.
這表明對晚年男性生殖方面有益的基因往往對女性的健康狀況有害。
The paper - Intralocus sexual conflict resolves the male-female, health-survivalparadox - was published in the journal Nature Communications.
相關文章《內在性別衝突解決了男-女、健康-生存悖論》在《自然-通訊》雜誌上發表。
MILLENNIALS WILL BE HIT BY BACK PAIN, DIABETES AND DEMENTIA WHENTHEY RETIRE
千禧一代將在將在他們退休時被背痛，糖尿病和痴呆症折磨
Unhealthy lifestyles mean people in England can expect to spend their entireretirement in poor health, according to a report published last year.
根據去年發表的一份報告，不健康的生活方式意味著可以預見到英格蘭人的整個退休生活都將生活在不健康當中。
Experts warned increasing numbers are suffering a 'toxic cocktail' of backpain, diabetes and dementia.
專家警告說，越來越多的人正在遭受 “有毒雞尾酒”（的侵襲），如背痛，糖尿病和痴呆症。
Today's generation of children will spend more than a fifth of their lives in astate of bad health, Public Health England warned.
英國公共衛生局警告說，今天這一代的孩子將在健康狀況不佳的情況下度過五分之一以上的生命。
Bosses said obesity, lack of exercise and smoking are driving the problem - andwarned that people need to take more responsibility for their own health.
老闆們說，肥胖、缺乏鍛鍊和抽菸正加重這個問題，同時也警告人們需要對他們自己的健康更加負責。
Overall life expectancy is growing - with women now expected to live until 83and men until 79.
總體預期壽命正在增長 - 現在預計女性將活到83歲，而男性則活到79歲。
But people are now expected to spend the better part of two decades at the endof their life suffering from health conditions.
但人們現在預計，他們將在生命結束之前二十年裡的大部分時間中，遭受健康問題的折磨。
PHE said boys born between 2013 and 2015 have an average 'healthy lifeexpectancy' of just 63.4 years - and will then spend another 16.1 years in poorhealth.
英國公共衛生部說，出生在2013年至2015年之間的男孩平均“健康預期壽命”僅為63.4歲，然後他們會在不健康狀態下度過他們剩餘的16.1年。
And girls on average will be healthy until 64.1 and will then be ill foranother 19.1 years.
女孩則將在64.1歲之前保持健康，然後剩下的19.1年中將在疾病中度過。
The problem is getting worse - with boys born 13 years previously, between 2000and 2002, expected to spend just 15.4 years of their life ill, and girls 18.1years.
這個問題正變得越來越嚴重——出生在13年前（2000年到2002年之間）的男孩，預計他們會在不健康狀態下生活15.4年，女孩則是18.1年。
The public health body's Professor John Newton said: 'A significant proportionof our population cannot expect to live to their pension age in goodhealth.'
公共衛生機構的約翰·牛頓教授說：“我們很大一部分人口不能指望在他們該領養老金的時候，還依然保持健康的身體。”
評論內容：
SinnyinMelbourne
Women are the stronger sex, menstrual cycles, child birth, motherhood andmenopause, we deserve to live longer .
女性是更強的性別，月經、生孩子、哺育、更年期，我們理應活的更久。
elle -> SinnyinMelbourne
No, we just deal with what life throws at us, just like everyone (male andfemale).
不，我們只是在處理生活對我們的影響，人人都是這樣（男人和女人）。
Bachy
Then why do we die years earlier?
那麼為什麼我們會（比女人）早幾年死呢？
Brummie
It's why women used to be treated with more respect.
這就為什麼女人需要受到更多的尊重。
Connburd -> Brummie
What? Your gender should define the level of respect you receive, but who youare as a person
什麼？你的性別應該決定你受到多少尊重？但作為一個人，你算老幾？
KittenKat
That's why you take HRT.
這就是你進行激素替代治療（注射雌性激素以緩解更年期症狀的療法，譯者注）的原因。
MrsPatriotic -> KittenKat
Not everyone can take HRT
I myself and me
Meno:curse
米諾：詛咒
Poppy Donnegan
I don't see this at all, if anything the older women are often in betterphysical shape. Women's mental health seems to suffer after menopause though.
我根本不知道這一點，如果老年婦女通常身體狀況更好的話。不過，女性的精神健康似乎在絕經後會受到影響。
MrsReeves
Then why do women live longer
所以為什麼女人活得更久呢？
Marshy One
Clearly men don't remain fertile forever. Death puts a stop to that.
很明顯男人不能永遠保持自己的生育能力。死亡阻止了這一點。
Tweediepie
Sounds like men getting the blame again.
聽起來好像男性又被批評了。
elle -> Tweediepie
No one blames anyone other than nature for this.
對這件事，除了大自然之外，沒人去責怪別人。
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