一、預備知識：參考書目，引用等
二、搭建框架：選題，抽象為研究課題，如何提出假設回應課題
三、開始寫作：主題句，段落結構、開頭結尾和編輯修改
1-2 利用主旨句為論文提綱挈領
文章基本結構設計是任何寫作的基礎，好比一個骨架作者使其有血有肉。作者對文章的形態理解的越清晰，越容易寫出成功作品《文體結構The elements of style》
1、添加固定段落
開頭導論(intro)，背景（contextualization）……結論(conclusion)
2、主旨句的每個元素(論點)都形成一個板塊
根據主旨句形成文體大綱
例如：In her only monologue in As I Lay Dying. Addie takes a surprising tone: one of transparency and dissociation. While initially surprising these characteristics prove essential for decoding the larger meaning of the novel as a whole: first, Addie betrays her warped relationships with each family member; as a consequence, Addie exposes the desperation for connection that motivates her family to journey to lackson; ultimately, Addie reveals the underlying tragedy of the novel as a whole, the tragedy of missed connection.
1-1：Addie has a surprisingly transparency tone
1-2：Addie has a surprisingly dissociation tone
1-3：Addie's tone betrays better than anything else her warped relationship with her family
1-4：The warped family relationships suggest a desperation for comnection that motivates Addie's family to Journey to Jackson.
1-5：Prove: Addie's tone in the monologue encourages us to consider the tragedy of missed connection as the underlying tragedy of the novel as a whole
為什麼列大綱？
1、主旨句中每個元素在文中定位，幫助完成8-10頁論文（每一板塊1-2頁）
2、減少脫離中心的風險
3、攻克研究的計劃，大綱的每個部分都像是一個微型的研究主題或論文主題。
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