1991年，在中蒙兩國關係中斷了30年之後，時任中國國家主席楊尚昆與蒙古總統彭薩勒瑪・奧其爾巴特重建外交關係。從那時起，兩國合作日益加強，而最新的合作項目中俄蒙經濟走廊則使中蒙之間的關係更為親密。

In 1991, after thirty years of virtually severed relations, former Chinese President Yang Shangkun and his Mongolian counterpart, PresidentPunsalmaagiin Ochirbat, met to reinstate their diplomatic relationship. Since then, the two countries' collaboration has strengthened progressively, with cooperation on the Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor the latest in a series of projects that has aligned the two countries closer.

▲ 蒙古國首任總統彭薩勒瑪・奧其爾巴特

Mongolia's first President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat

China Focus採訪了蒙古國首任總統奧其爾巴特，聽他暢談中蒙兩國關係如何發展，中國的快速發展如何影響蒙古國，以及為什麼增進雙邊關係的承諾將進一步造福兩國等問題。

In a wide-ranging interview, China Focus interviewed Mongolia's first President to find out how China and Mongolia's relationship is growing, how China's rapid development has had beneficial knock-on effects in Mongolia and why future ties promise to bring further benefits to both countries.

如何看待中國的發展？

How Do You View China's Development?

蒙古國首任總統奧其爾巴特對30多年前來到中國的經歷仍然記憶猶新。他回憶道：“1980年，我由中國內地前往香港，那時候的北京看起來非常貧窮，人們的生活，街道，自行車，客車廂等等都很落後。”在接受

Ochirbat still remembers the first time he visited Beijing more than 30 years ago. “In 1980, I went to Hong Kong through the Chinese mainland,” he said. “ At that time, Beijing seemed very poor and underprivileged: the life, the streets, the bicycles, the carriages and such.” He futher told China Focus that his impressions of Beijing have changed tremendously. “Now I don't know where anything is in Beijing. I only know where the Mongolian Embassy is,” he said humorously. “Everything else is so unrecognizable to me. That's how much China has reformed and developed.”

▲ 2016年7月14日，李克強總理與蒙古國總理額爾登巴特在烏蘭巴托國家宮共同出席兩國合作協議簽字儀式。（圖片/中國政府網）

On July 14, 2016, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Mongolian Prime Minister Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat attended the signing ceremony of the cooperation agreement between the two countries at the Government Palace in Ulaanbaatar. (Photo/gov.cn)

在奧其爾巴特的總統任期內，他選擇了中國作為第一次正式出訪國。他與中國時任總理李鵬共同簽署了聯合公報，並就今後兩國關係以及如何進一步發展互利合作進行了討論。“我相信，由於那次正式訪問，這一切的開始已經成為現實。”他如此描述當時的出訪對於中蒙兩國的意義：“蒙古開始發展，中國則迅猛發展。”除了中蒙兩國的交往歷史外，奧其爾巴特還分享了他對於中國的發展和“一帶一路”倡議的想法。

During his presidency, Ochirbat chose China for his first official visit. He and Li Peng, who was then the Chinese Premier, signed a joint communique and held meetings and discussions on the future relationship between the two countries, exploring how to further develop mutually beneficial cooperation. “This all became a reality because of that official visit, I believe,” Ochirbat recalls. “One country had begun to develop, while the other had developed rapidly.” This is how he described the meaning of his visit. In addition to the history of Chinese and Mongolian relations, he also shared his opinion on China's development and the Belt and Road Initiative.

他說：“總體來講，我們對中國的發展感到驕傲。因為中國發展得越好，對蒙古發展的貢獻就越大。這就是為什麼我們要有更大的視野格局，而不是僅僅考慮一國的利益。我們需要很多國家加入‘一帶一路’倡議，並且團結協作。因為很重要的一點是要讓大家共同受益。我們認為促進與中國的互惠合作具有十分重要的意義。”

“In general, we are proud of China's development. The more China develops, the more it will contribute to Mongolia's development. That's why we have a much bigger purpose than just the interest of one country. We need many countries to come together and join forces so that collectively, we can all benefit. We place a great deal of importance on promoting mutually beneficial cooperation with China,” he says.

怎麼看待中國的“一帶一路”倡議？

How Do You View the Belt and Road Initiative？

“對中國來說，這一重大倡議令其獲益匪淺，而中國的鄰國也受益頗多，這其中就包括蒙古國。‘一帶一路’倡議下的第六經濟走廊連接了中蒙俄三個國家。這就如同構建了一個由三國組成的龐大網絡，而這個網絡提供了很多機會，使得工業和文化繁榮發展，在很多方面上來說都是這樣的。”

"For China, this big initiative is very beneficial, and it is also for China's neighbours, including Mongolia. The Sixth Economic Corridor under the Belt and Road Initiative is the corridor connecting three countries: China, Mongolia and Russia. It may seem like a way to create a large network of three countries. But in fact, through this network, there will be many opportunities for industries and cultures to blossom in a wide range of ways."

▲ 2018年4月11日，中國—蒙古國商務論壇在京舉行，旨在搭建中蒙企業溝通橋樑，擴展中蒙兩國經貿合作。

China-Mongolia Business Forum was held in Beijing on April 11, 2018, aiming to build a bridge between Chinese and Mongolian enterprises and expand economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

“例如，發電廠和新工廠都將在沿線建造，這與當地工廠協同發展會產生更強大的經濟效益。習近平主席提到過很多關於蒙古的大項目，比如塔本陶勒蓋的煤礦項目以及以奧尤陶勒蓋的銅金業為基礎而建設的銅冶煉廠。”

"For example, power plants will be built along this route, brand new factories will also be built and existing factories will become more efficient. President Xi Jinping said there are many big projects regarding Mongolia, such as the Tavan Tolgoi's coal deposit project and the building of a copper smelting plant, based on the Oyu tolgoi copper-gold industry."

▲ 2017年5月12日，中國國家主席習近平在人民大會堂會見來華出席“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇的蒙古國總理額爾登巴特。（圖片/中新社)

On May 12, 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Mongolian Prime Minister Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat at the great hall of the people, who was here for the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. (Photo/China News Service)

“許多鐵路、公路和高壓電源傳輸線的建成基本上都得益於這三個國家的共同發展。該倡議不僅涉及一個或幾個國家。所以，‘一帶一路’倡議作為根本的指導方針為全球發展提供了基礎，也為全球發展模式提供了借鑑。”

"Many railways, roads and high-voltage power transmission lines are the basis for the development of these three countries. So, I understand that the Belt and Road Initiative is the fundamental basis for global development of supply. The initiative is a fundamental basis for worldwide development."

對於未來中蒙兩國發展有什麼期待？

What Are the Expectations For the China and Mongolia's Future Development?

奧其爾巴特曾聽說過這麼一句話：“如果你想了解世界的發展，那就看看中國吧；如果你想了解中國的發展，那就看看廣東吧；如果你想了解廣東的發展，那就看看深圳吧……”他表示，現在回想一下曾經去過的這些地方，新技術和領先的設計早已遍及全中國，產品從質量到外觀都令人滿意。

I heard someone say that if you want to see the world's development, look at China. If you want to see China's development, look at Guangdong. If you want to see the development of Guangdong, look at Shenzhen. Now that I think about it, I have been to these places. New technology and leading designs have been taken up all over China, creating a quality and an aesthetic that is very pleasing.

“我聽說如今中國建一條5000公里的高速公路，僅用13個月就可以完成。效率之高令人驚歎不已。所以我想，也許可以以這樣的速度建一條從中國途徑蒙古到達俄羅斯的高質量鐵路，相信以中國速度很快就能夠建成。這將起到非常大的作用，也可以加快第六經濟走廊計劃的進程。”

What I've heard from there is that China built a 5,000 km highway in just 13 months. This is amazingly fast work. So, I thought to myself, they could build a high-quality railway through Mongolia, from China to Russia, in just as quick a time. It would be a wonderful contribution and it would speed up the process of the Sixth Economic Corridor plan.

撰文 / China Focus團隊

圖片 / 網絡

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關鍵字: 中蒙 首任 蒙古