重點:同位語只是定語從句簡化的一個意外!
定語從句簡化過程出現的特殊現象
①The question requires consideration.
這個問題需要考慮。
②The question is a problem.
這個問題是個難題。
合併
The question that is a problem requires consideration.
這個問題是難題需考慮。
(不懂怎樣合併的看我以前的文章)
簡化
The question a problem requires consideration.
這個問題(難題)需要考慮。
簡化過程
The question that is a problem requires consideration.
①去掉that↓,因為簡化的目的是為了使句子簡潔和精確,that與the question表達了同一個意思。that雖然在從句中做主語,但是為了達到簡潔和準確的目的,我們還是將其省略!↓
The question is a problem requires consideration.
②去掉 is,be動詞是聯繫動詞,並無實際意義!↓
The question a problem requires consideration.(最簡句子)
③此時的句子是最簡句子↓。有人發現 a problem 變成了同位語。
The question a problem requires consideration.
同位語的出現就是定語從句簡化的一種形式!!
同位語從句
①如果有人問 a problem 是個什麼難題?這時我們就需要用一個名詞性句子來替換 a problem,來說明難題是什麼!
a problem(名詞)→who should do the work (名詞性從句)
②這時的句子如下↓
The question who should do the work requires consideration.(同位語從句)
傳統語法認為同位語與定語從句並無瓜葛,殊不知,同位語就是定語從句簡化後的結果!
我們可以還原整句子↓
The question that is who should do the work requires consideration.
定語從句簡化的一般情況
①We need someone .
②The man can go and get a doctor.
合併
we need someone who can go and get a doctor.(定語從句)↓
we need someone who is able to go and get a doctor.(can=be able to)↓
簡化
we need someone to go and get a doctor.
簡化過程
we need someone who is able to go and get a doctor.
①去掉who,因為who與someone重複了!↓
we need someone is able to go and get a doctor.
②去掉is,因為be動詞是聯繫動詞,並無實際意義!↓
we need someone able to go and get a doctor.
③去掉able,因為人們為了最簡形式將able的部分意思賦予了to!此時的to,不是介詞to!此時的to go 就是able to go,也就是could go!↓
we need someone to go and get a doctor.
①The girl is my sister.
②The girl is standing there .
合併
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
簡化
The girl standing there is my sister.
簡化過程
①去掉who,who與the girl重複!
②去掉is ,be是聯繫動詞!
③因為現在分詞standing屬於形容詞類,所以形容詞組standing there與形容詞從句 who is standing there在意思和詞性上幾乎相同!這是一種很好的簡化結果!
簡化的目的是為了高效的表達!簡化的兩大標準把簡潔和精確!
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