四、副詞的比較級與最高級
副詞的比較級與最高級的變化規則和用法與形容詞的變化相同，但在副詞的最高級前可省掉定冠詞 the。
例句：Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(選自 2011 年 Use of English)
分析：該句是複合句，主幹部分是 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those...，其中 did 代替了與主句相同的謂語部分 reacted enthusiastically to funny cartoons，正常語序為...than those...did。另外，分詞短語 forced to exercise their smiling muscles 作後置定語，修飾主語 those;whose mouths were contracted in a frown 是一個定語從句，修飾句中的第二個 those;suggesting that...是分詞短語作狀語，表示結果，相當於 which 引導的一個非限制性定語從句。
譯文：那些被迫鍛鍊笑肌的人比那些嘴形收縮得猶如緊皺的眉毛般的人對滑稽的卡通動畫的反應更為強烈，這表明表情也可以影響情緒而非只能是情緒影響表情。
例句：The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long. (選自 2011 年 Text 2)
分析：該句是複合句，主句的主幹部分是 The people are those，兩個定語從句 who've been hurt the worst 和 who ve stayed too long 分別修飾先行詞 the people 和 those。
譯文：受傷害最深的就是那些待得太久的人。
例句：Among other students in his class, he studies (the) hardest.
五、易混淆的副詞和形容詞
(一)such，so
such 是形容詞，如 such+a(an)+單數可數名詞，或 such+不可數名詞或可數名詞的複數;so 是副詞，如 so+形容詞+a(an)+單數名詞。
注意：在 so+形容詞+a(an)+單數名詞這一結構中名詞不可改為複數形式。
如 so beautiful girls 就是錯誤形式，應改為： such beautiful girls。 另外 such，so 都可接 that 從句，形式為 such...that/so...that，稱之為結果狀語從句。
例句：Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia. (選自 2008 年 Text 4)
分析：該句是簡單句，主幹部分是 such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia, would have required 表示與過去事實相反的推測，only a decade earlier 在句中作狀語，表示時間。
譯文：要是再早上 10 年，這種舉動必須獲得弗吉尼亞州立法委的批准。
例句：The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapair of fabricating their data. (2004 年第 43 題)
分析：該句是複合句，that 引導一結果狀語從句，短語 accuse sb. of sth.意為“指責、指控某人某事”。
譯文：這些新近被描述的語言與已經被充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區的語言往往差別顯著，以至於有些學者甚至指責 Boas 和 Sapair 編造了材料。
例句：Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life. (選自 2007 年 Text 2)
分析：該句是簡單句，其中形容詞短語 necessary to succeed in school and in life 作定語修飾 elements。
譯文：這些標準化測試並不能測出在學校和生活中取得成功所必需的重要因素。
例句：The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that at intervals the speakers stopped for refreshments. (1996 年第 26 題)
分析：該句是複合句。
譯文：討論是那樣的冗長而乏味，以至於發言的人不時地停下來喝點飲料。
(二)very，much
very 修飾形容詞原級和副詞;much(或 very much)修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級。
例句：Ted had told me that he always escaped being fined as he had got a very fast sport car.
分析：該句是複合句，其中 being fined 是動名詞一般式的被動式，在句中作 謂語動詞 escape 的賓語。譯文：泰德告訴我，因為他有一輛速度很快的賽車，所以總是能逃脫罰款。
例句：Mercury's velocity is so much greater than the Earth's that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one. (1996 年第 20 題)
分析：該句是複合句，so...that 是一個表結果的句子結構，time 後是一個省略了關係詞 which(或 that)的定語從句。
譯文：水星的週轉速度要比地球快得多，以至於在地球繞太陽轉一圈的時間內，水星能繞太陽轉四圈多。
(三)too much，much too (far too)
too much+不可數名詞; much too/far too+形容詞或副詞原級。
例句：The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. (選自 2006 年 Text 4)
分析：冒號後內容是對其前內容的進一步解釋。
譯文：事實上，真正的原因可能恰恰相反。今天的世界有太多太多的快樂了。
例句：I don't like eating chocolate. The taste is much too sweet.
譯文：我不喜歡吃巧克力，味道太甜了。
(四)also， too， either
also， too 用於肯定句，also 多用於正式場合，too 多為習慣用法，而 either用於否定句。
例句：I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be bound to it.
分析：該句是由 but 引導的並列句，其中短語 be bound to sth.意為“必定， 作保證”。譯文：我支持你的決定，但也應該說清楚，我並不打算非得按照你的決定做。
例句：Careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and the listener, too.
分析：該句是簡單句。
譯文：用詞粗心大意往往也會阻礙說話人和聽話人的思想交流。
例句：Mary is not a Christian; John is not a Christian, either.
例句：But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. (選自 2004 年 Text 3)
分析：該句是複合句，其中在 not...as...as 結構中，第一個 as 是副詞修飾 many， 而第二個 as 是連詞引導狀語從句，表方式。
譯文：但對這位 47 歲的美甲師來說，現在到她這兒來修剪、銼磨或上油的人卻不如她希望的那麼多。
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