2020年的春節，新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情牽動著全國人民的心，疫情的防控也成為了萬眾關注的焦點。在這一關鍵期，希望同學們明白，決定一個人高度的往往不是起點，而是拐點。我們需要給時光以生命，而不只是給生命以時光。同時，也希望同學們充分利用學校資源，師生共同努力，共同成長，共克時艱。
導讀：本文介紹了新型冠狀病毒肺炎的起因、症狀、傳播途徑，以及其他幾類致命的冠狀病毒。
Anew coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 10000people since the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December.Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likelystarted in an animal and spread to humans.
"What we know is that it causespneumonia （肺炎）and then doesn't respond to antibiotic（抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, butthen in terms of mortality （死亡率）, SARS kills 10% of the individuals,"Poon, a virologist（病毒學家）at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.
The World Health Organization offeredguidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how tomonitor for the sick and how to treat patients.
Hereare seven things you should know about a coronavirus.
Coronaviruses are a large group of virusesthat are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists callzoonotic[ˌzəʊəˈnəʊtɪk]（人畜共患病）, meaningthey can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.
The viruses can make people sick, usuallywith a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾病）, similar to a common cold. Coronavirussymptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache andmaybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.
For those with a weakened immune system,the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause alower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia orbronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]（支氣管炎）.
There are a handful of human coronavirusesthat are known to be deadly.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome（中東呼吸綜合徵）, alsoknown as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and alsocauses respiratory problems, but those symptoms are muchmore severe. Three tofour out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to theCDC.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵）, alsoknown as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. Firstidentified in the Guangdong province in southern China, accordingto the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə]（腹瀉）, fatigue （疲勞）,shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫） and kidney failure （腎衰）.Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable（易受傷害的）.
Viruses can spread from human contactwith animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according tothe WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats （狸貓） wereto blame.
Whenit comes to human-to-human transmission of theviruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with theinfected person's secretions [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n]（分泌物）.
Depending on how virulent [ˈvɪrələnt] （有毒的）the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could
causeexposure. The virus can also be transmitted bytouching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth,nose or eyes. Caregivers （護理人員） can sometimes be exposed byhandling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.
1. Which of thefollowing can explain the underlined word in paragraph 1 ?
A. to find or discover sth.
B. to put sth. into acode
C. to change sth. into ordinary language
D. to change sth. into a form that can be processed
2. What are the symptomsof the novel Coronavirus ?
A. much more severe upper respiratory tract illness
B. a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache andmaybe a fever
C. diarrhea , fatigue, shortness of breath, respiratorydistress and kidney failure （腎衰）
D. a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness,similar to a common cold.
3. How do the Virusesspread?
A. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals.
B. the viruses can transmit from human to human
C. The viruses can be transmit by touching sth polluted anddroplet transmission.
D. The viruses can betransmitted by touching something an infected person has touched.
II.七選五（外來題）
導讀：面臨新型冠狀病毒挑戰，如何保護自己及他人？
How to keepyourself safe from new virus?
After a new-type coronavirus was detected in viralpneumonia cases in Central China's Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have beenreported in recent days. _____1_____:
1. Wear masks outdoors
●Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways toprotect you from getting infected.
●Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up thenose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin.
●_____2_____, a mask is also needed to prevent you fromspreading germs to others.
2. Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue（紙巾）
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you coughor sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering withyour hands directly.
3. _____3_____
Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughlyfor at least 15 seconds.
● Before eating and after using the toilet
● After returning home
● After touching trash or garbage
● After contacting with animals or handling animalwastes
4. Strengthen your immune system and exerciseregularly
● Exercise regularly is one of the most importantways to help you stay away from catching any infections.
● Make sure that shared spaces have good air flowand avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations andairports. _____4_____.
● Seek prompt(及時的） medical attention if you have symptoms of fever andrespiratory infection.
● Avoid close contact with people who have flu orcold-like symptoms.
●_____5_____. Avoid contact with wild animals or farmedlivestock without any protection.
A. If your hands are not visibly dirty
B. Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggs
C. Wash your hands frequently and properly
D. Protect yourself and others from getting sick
E. Wear a mask if transport or movement isnecessary
F. If you’re not feeling well or have symptoms of fever
G. To prevent catching the infection, here’s what you can do
III.語法填空(一）（外來題）
導讀：每個成為吹哨人的人，一定都知道自己未來將要面對的命運，但是他們還是選擇了站了出來，讓更多應該知道真相的人知道了真相。
以此文沉痛哀悼和紀念一位偉大的醫生！
We are deeply saddened by thepassing of Dr. Li Wenliang.
Dr. Li Wenliang, one of the eight“whistleblowers” who tried _____1_____ (warn) fellow medics（醫師） of _____2_____ novel coronavirus when it firstemerged（出現） in Wuhan, diedearly on Friday. Wuhan Central Hospital _____3_____ (confirm) in a statementreleased on _____4_____ (it) official Weibo account. “Our hospital’sophthalmologist Li Wenliang was _____5_____ (unfortunate) infected withcoronavirus during his work in the fight _____6_____ the coronavirus epidemic,”the statement read, _____7_____ (add) “He died at 2:58 a.m. on February 7 afterattempts to resuscitate were unsuccessful.”
“After emergency treatment, LiWenliang passed away,” the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo, China’s version of Twitter. “We deeply regret and mourn Li’s _____8_____ (die).”
Dr. Li is a hero, _____9_____will live in our hearts forever. May God bless all the courageous doctors and_____10_____ (nurse) fighting on the front line.
導讀：（醫學發現）發現三種可抑制新型冠狀病毒的藥物
Chineseresearchers have found three ___1___(exist)drugs with ___2___(fair)good inhibitory(抑制的) effects on the novel(新穎的）coronavirus ___3___thecellular（細胞的） level, a local newspaper has reported. The threedrugs are Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Ritonavir. They are now under relevant ___4___ (procedure)to gain approval for ___5___ (clinic)use, said Hubei Daily ___6___ Wednesday. The ___7___(discover) was jointly made by researchers from theAcademy of Military Medical Sciences and the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) under the Chinese Academy ofSciences (CAS).
導讀：起源於武漢的新型冠狀病毒與季節性流感有相似之處，然而區分二者對於抑制新型冠狀病毒的傳播及其重要。
The novel coronavirus(冠狀病毒), which____1____(originate)in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12countries, has much in common ____2___ seasonal flu. They are both viralinfections, share similar symptoms and crucially(關鍵地） can spread from human to human. In themidst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, ____3___(tell) thedifference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.
Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can causerespiratory (呼吸道)infectionssimilar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia（肺炎） andbecome lethal（致命的）. ___4___, the novel coronavirus is moreserious than __5__ "typical influenza infection,(流感)"says Ian Jones, a professor of virology at the University of Reading.
"Thisvirus appears to go___6___(far) down into the lungs than would generally be thecase. Therefore, it will give you___7___ (symptom) of pneumonia(肺炎): thelungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets intobreathing difficulty."
Whilethe mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up beingsimilar, humans' ability ___8____(fight) off the viruses differs greatly.
Humanshave naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and annual vaccines____9____(develop) to fight it. During a pandemic(流行病), whichthe new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity(免疫性) in the population so you have potentialfor a ___10___(globe) spread," warns Jones.
導讀：為了應對由新型冠狀病毒引起的焦慮與心理問題，國家衛生健康委員會要求省級區域聯合心理援助資源，並標準化這些公共服務。
1_______(address)anxiety and mental health concerns caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak,the National Health Commission has required provincial-level regions to combine2.______(psychology) support resources and standardize such public services.
"Colleges3.____ (equip) with psychological centers are also encouraged to step upintervention and counseling（建議） to students 4.___ may be affected by thedisease's spread," said Wang Bin, deputy director of the commission'sdisease control and 5.___(prevent) bureau（局，辦事處） at a news conference held onMonday.
Daysof intensive（密集的）work had exhausted him and caused him to lose 6.____ temper for a brief moment.The doctor quickly collected himself and went back to 7. ______(treat)patients.
YangFude, Party secretary of the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, said many medicalworkers and personnel 8.____charge of registering and screening residents inneighborhoods 9.______(face) tremendous pressure and are pushing their mentaland physical 10____(limit).
導讀：世界衛生組織宣佈，抗生素對於抗病毒無效，但抗生素的使用可以應對新型冠狀病毒患者可能併發的細菌感染。
"Antibiotics do not work againstviruses, only bacteria," the WHO said on it’s official website. However,if the patient is hospitalized for the virus, he may accept antibiotics since"bacterial co-infection is possible," the organization added. Up tonow, there are no specific medicine for preventing or treating the virus, theWHO said, adding that it is working with partners to help accelerate relatingresearch and development work. "People of all ages" can be infectedwith the novel coronavirus, elder people and people with pre-existing medicalconditions are more like to suffer, the WHO said. The organization advisedpeople to wash hands after contacting with pets, which can help protect them against"various common bacteria that can pass among pets and humans." Chinesehealth authorities said on Monday that it received reports of 2,829 newconfirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection and 57 death on Sunday.
VIII.書面表達
導讀：無論你身處哪裡，這是全世界、全人類的戰役。
假如你是李華,給留在衡水過寒假的留學生朋友Jack寫一封電子郵件, 告知其目前新型冠狀病毒肺炎的形勢, 請他注意防護。要點如下:
1 告知疫情現狀;
2注意防護，如減少外出，帶口罩外出，勤洗手等。
3表達戰勝疫情的信心。
注意:1、可適當增加細節, 使行文連貫;
2、100詞左右。
1. CNN關於新型冠狀病毒疫苗的最新報道 (疫情發展變化中)
本文話題詞彙：
vaccine 疫苗
virus 病毒
infect 傳染；使感染
clinical trial 臨床試驗
coronavirus 冠狀病毒
influenza 流行性感冒
health care worker 醫護人員
infected patient 受感染的病人
genetic code 基因序列
背景知識
coronavirus 冠狀病毒，這樣稱呼的原因是這種病毒在顯微鏡下呈冠狀，像一頂王冠。而 “王冠”一詞在拉丁語中是corona 。按西方學術概念名稱使用拉丁語（或古希臘語）的習慣，人們將corona與virus 放在一起構成合成詞coronavirus，即“冠狀病毒”。（virus 一詞也來自拉丁語）
(CNN) — Ateam of scientists in Texas, New York and China are at work on a vaccineagainst the new virus that has infected lots of people worldwide. The NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH) is also working on a vaccine. It will take a fewmonths until the first phase of the clinical trials get underway.
來自德克薩斯州、紐約和中國的一組科學家正在研製疫苗，以對抗這種已感染世界上很多人的新型病毒。美國國立衛生研究院（簡稱NIH）也在著手研製疫苗。到第一階段的臨床試驗開始將需要幾個月的時間。
This newvirus is a coronavirus, which is the same family as the virus that causes SARS,or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which was first reported in Asia in 2002and killed more than 700 people. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS,which has killed more than 800 people since 2012, is also caused by a coronavirus.
這種新型病毒是一種冠狀病毒，與引起SARS（重症急性呼吸系統綜合徵）的病毒屬於同一科。SARS於2002年在亞洲被首次報道，導致700多人死亡。自2012年以來已經導致800多人死亡的中東呼吸綜合徵（MERS）也是由一種冠狀病毒引起的。
“Thelesson we’ve learned is coronavirus infections are serious and one of thenewest and biggest global health threats,” said Dr. Peter Hotez, a vaccinescientist in Houston. He added that it’s less challenging to develop a vaccinefor coronaviruses than for other viruses such as HIV or influenza. If a vaccineis developed, he said, health care workers might be among the first to receiveit because they are exposed to infected patients.
“我們得到的教訓是，冠狀病毒感染是嚴重的，是最新和最大的全球健康威脅之一，”休斯敦疫苗科學家彼得·霍特茲博士說。他補充道，開發一種針對冠狀病毒的疫苗，其難度低於針對艾滋病或流感等其它病毒的疫苗。他說，如果研製出了疫苗，醫護人員可能是最先接種的人，因為他們接觸受感染的病人。
It is“remarkable” that scientists are able to start developing a vaccine for a virusthat was identified less than a month ago, he said. He credited Chineseresearchers, who quickly sequenced (確定…的化學結構序列) and published the virus’s genome(基因組).“With SARS, it took almost a year to be able to identify and map the fullgenetic code,” he said. “Now we’re doing this in just a few weeks.”
他說，科學家能夠開始研製不到一個月前才被發現的病毒的疫苗，這是“非凡的”。他將這歸功於中國的研究人員，因為他們迅速地對病毒的基因組進行了排序並公佈了結果。他說：“當時的SARS，我們花了將近一年的時間來識別和繪製完整的基因序列。現在我們只用了幾周的時間。”
2. 新型冠狀病毒，你需要知道些啥
——英國《衛報》
This isan outbreak of disease that started in Wuhan, one of the central Chinese cities.It’s caused by a novel corona virus that means it’s brand-new. So new thatactually it doesn’t have a name yet.
這次疾病爆發始於武漢，中國的一箇中部城市。它是由新型冠狀病毒引起的，這意味著它是全新的，新到實際上還沒來得及給它起名。
What are the symptoms?
It’s froma family called the corona viruses. The symptoms of this illness are prettymundane (平凡的)on the face of it: it’s a dry cough fever and then breathing problems. It seemsquite mild in lots of people, and probably those people don’t end up inhospital at all.
症狀是哪些？
它來自冠狀病毒科。從表面看，這種疾病症狀相當普通：乾咳、發燒和呼吸困難。對很多人來說，症狀輕微，這些人甚至可能都不用住院。
We onlyknow about the more severe cases, which is where people have gone on to developviral pneumonia, and those people obviously end up in hospital, and all thedeaths have been amongst those people.
我們只知道那些更嚴重的病例，即繼續發展成病毒性肺炎的病例，那些人顯然最終要住院，而所有死亡的人都在這些人裡。
Where have cases beenconfirmed so far?
Thisbrand-new corona virus came from animals, and it’s believed that the source wasactually a seafood market in Wuhan, which also sells wild animals. So far asfar as we know all the cases have come out of Wuhan. So some of these peopleare in places like Thailand and Japan, but they haven’t picked it up there.They actually got it in Wuhan and then they traveled.
目前病例確認在哪裡？
這種全新的冠狀病毒來自動物，據信來源於一個武漢的海鮮市場，這個市場也出售野生動物。據我們所知，目前所有的病例都來自武漢。其中一些人在泰國和日本，但他們並不是在那裡感染上病毒的。實際上他們在武漢感染上病毒，然後旅行。
… andthose who have died tend actually to have underlying conditions as they say,that they’re frail, they may have heart disease or cancer already, and sothey’re vulnerable. Basically their immune systems are not very robust, andthey’re gong to find it very hard to fight off a virus.
……而那些死亡的人往往都患有基礎病：他們虛弱，他們也許已患有心臟疾病或者癌症，因此很脆弱。基本上來說，他們的免疫系統不是很強壯，所以會發現他們很難抵抗病毒。
How is this virustransmitted?
We’veonly just discovered that the new corona virus is actually transmitted from oneperson to another. It was hoped at first actually that it just came fromanimals as all corona viruses do. But now it looks as though it is actuallypassed from one human being to another. So we’ve got people to peopletransmission, because the market has been closed for sometime, and there arecases in people who’ve never been near it.
這種病毒是如何傳染的？
我們剛剛發現新型冠狀病毒實際上是人傳人。最初希望它實際上來自動物，就像所有冠狀病毒那樣。但是現在看來它是人傳人。所以有人傳人的感染，因為那家市場已關閉一段時間，而有些患者從未靠近過那裡。
What treatment isavailable?
Sothere actually isn’t any treatment at the moment at all, because this is avirus. Antibiotics (抗生素) won’t work. They onlywork against bacteria not viruses. So really you want to know antiviraltreatment but none of the flu drugs that we got, and we have got a couple of thosewill work on this. A corona virus is differentfrom a flu virus, so there actually isn’t any treatment at the moment at all.
實際上，目前沒有任何治療方法，因為這是病毒，抗生素無效，他們只對細菌有效，而不是病毒。所以要了解抗病毒治療，但我們手頭的流感藥物，我們有的幾種藥物，沒有一個對它起作用。冠狀病毒不同於流感病毒，因此，目前沒有任何治療方法。
How serious is thisoutbreak compared to others in the past?
This oneis scary because it is a brand-new virus so we don’t know how it’s going tobehave. But I have to say, we perhaps ought to put it in the context of some ofthe other things. I went to Sierra Leone to cover the West Africa outbreak ofEbola (埃博拉)and that was killing more than half of all those people who were infected. SARSwhich was a novel corona virus just like this one back in 2002, did end upcausing a global panic.
和過去相比，這次爆發有多嚴重？
它很可怕，因為這是種全新的病毒，所以我們不知道它會如何變化。但是我得說，我們也許應和其他一些情況一起考慮。我去過西非塞拉利昂報道過埃博拉疫情，這種疾病使得一半的感染者死亡。2002年的SARS和這次一樣，也是冠狀病毒，最終導致全球恐慌。
And thatwas largely because nobody had ever seen it before, but also the death rate wasat around 10%. And here so far we’re talking about a death rate of 2%, which isa lot less and it does look as if many of those people actually have hadunderlying health problems, which would make it more likely that they woulddie. They could equally have died of flu, so you have to put it into that context,I think.
主要的原因是從未有人見過這種病毒，並且死亡率也在10%左右。到目前，新型冠狀病毒的死亡率是2%，小的多，並且看起來死亡的人中許多實際上有其他健康基礎病，這使他們更有可能死亡。他們同樣可能死於流感，所以必須考慮這些情況。
病名病毒類
Epidemic：傳染病；流行病
Pneumonia：肺炎
Pneumonia situation：肺炎疫情
Novel coronavirus：新型冠狀病毒
詞彙講解：
pneumonia 肺炎一詞發音中，字母“p”不參與發音
novel coronavirus 新型冠狀病毒，“novel”在這裡不是“小說”的意思，而是“新奇的，異常的”。
根據世界衛生組織的推特顯示，“新型冠狀病毒”也可表述為“new coronavirus”。
病人病例類
Coronavirus patients：冠狀病毒病人
Confirmed case：確診病例
Suspected case：疑似病例
Close contacts：密切接觸者
Critical conditions：重症
Mild case：輕症
Elderly people：老年人
Passengers with abnormal body temperature ：體溫異常旅客
詞彙講解：
confirmed case：確診病例 suspectedcase：疑似病例
兩個表達中，均是動詞＋ed 的表達方式，此種詞彙構型一般用以表示形容詞詞態或被動語態。
close contacts：密切接觸者一詞中contact不作為動詞，而是應用其名詞含義，即接觸者。
相關措施類
Temperature screening：體溫篩查
Vaccine：疫苗
Body fluids：體液
Quarantine：隔離；檢疫
Under medical observation：進行醫學觀察
Already cured：治癒
First-level emergency response：一級應急響應
Top-level response：最高級別響應
Major public health and security emergencies：重大突發公共衛生安全事件
Be discharged：解除隔離
Medical assistance ：醫療援助
Diagnose：診斷
Disinfect：消毒
Medical inspection：醫學檢查
詞彙講解：
quarantine 隔離；檢疫 一詞的發音較為拗口，但因該詞屬於防控措施中最重要環節之一，建議掌握其用法。
例句：Passengers have to be quarantined for at least 14 days（乘客需至少被隔離14天）.
醫療耗材及醫療設施設備類
Thermometer：體溫計
Stretcher：擔架
Mask：口罩；面罩
Respirator：['respəreitə] 呼吸機，防毒面具
Wheelchair：輪椅
Disinfector：消毒劑
詞彙講解：
mask：口罩的含義中，既有口罩和含義，也有面具的含義，一把醫療手術口罩會直接只用surgical mask。
respirator 一詞有的文章中指代的是防毒面具或特定類型的口罩
疾病症狀類
Symptom：症狀
Be infected with：感染
Susceptible：易感染的
Chest tightness：胸悶
Cough：咳嗽
Dizziness：眩暈
Thirst：口渴
Nausea：[ˈnɔːziə; ˈnɔːsiə] 噁心
Ague：[ˈeɪɡjuː] 發冷；寒顫
Have difficulty in breathing：呼吸困難
Cold：感冒
Influenza：[ˌɪnfluˈenzə] 流行感冒
Diarrhea：[,daɪə'riə] 腹瀉
Fever/low fever：發燒/低燒
詞彙講解：
此類詞彙的表達一般有固定句型，如the passenger is suffering from XXX 等用於表達乘客有何種病症體現。
人員部門類
Medical staff：醫護人員
Physician：內科醫生
Surgeon：外科醫生
Quarantine officer：檢疫人員
Customs：海關
Sanitary authority：檢疫部門
Inspection and quarantine department：檢驗檢疫部門
Fever clinic：發熱門診
Center for disease control and prevention：疾控中心
Health authorities：衛生主管部門
Authorities concerned：有關當局；主管部門
詞彙講解：
此類詞彙中physician、surgeon、respiratory physician 等詞語因使用頻率較低，只建議大家瞭解使用。
authority 的意思是“權力，權威”，英文中用它的複數形式 authorities 來指“官方、當局、當權者”。
例如：health authorities衛生主管部門、
education authorities 教育主管部門
authorities concerned 有關當局；主管部門
supervisory authorities 監督部門 ; 監督管理機構
肺炎 pneumonia/nju:＇maunia/
爆發 outbreak（n）
呼吸道疾病 respiratory/＇resparatri/diseases
潛伏期 incubationinkju＇ber＇/period
傳染源 source of infection
密切接觸者 close contacts
確診病例 confirmed cases
疑似病例 suspected cases
接受醫學觀察 under medical observation
解除醫學觀察be discharged from medical observation
治癒出院 be discharged from hospital after recovery
隔離 quarantine/kwo:ranti:n/n＆v）
封城 lockdown（n）
疫苗 vaccinevaeksi:n/
抗體 antibody
陰性的 negative
陽性的 positive
ENGLISH重症患者 patient incritical condition
定點醫院 designated hospital
臨時醫院 makeshift hospital
人際傳播 humanhuman-to- transmission/ interpersonal transmission
致死率 fatality/fa＇taelati＇/rate
編寫：陳合舜 張新穩 劉苗 康建秋 張佔琴 郭翼 張華韋 李如先 李揚薇等
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