再比如 2017-4-22 考题：
Some people think advertising may have positive economic effects, while others think it has negative social effects for individuals since they are discontented with what they have and who they are.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
话题依然是广告，话题类型是讨论类，讨论两个问题：
（1）广告为什么会产生经济效应
（2）广告对个人带来的负面影响。
对于第一个观点，我们依然可以把素材做这样的迁移：
广告可以促进经济的发展 是因为广告能促进产品的销售，而促进销售的原因是名人的宣传以及本身时尚的引领。
It is reasonable to believe that advertising is responsible for the rise of economy.
Advertisements provide customers with enormous information about products and normally lead a fashion trend when new products are promoted.
This practice can encourage consumers to follow fashion, aiming to gain a sense of identity by purchasing these fashionable products.
The desire to keep pace with the time prompts people to buy new products regularly rather than retaining old ones for a long period of time which increases the consumption to a larger extent.
2016-1-14 「犯罪类主题」
A recent newspaper article reported that a 14-year-old boy who seriously destroyed his school got a punishment to clean streets instead of being sent to the prison. Do you think this is right? Should young criminals be sent to the jail?
【分析】
该题以非常新颖的新闻报道出题形式出现，报道中详细地指出：
1、小孩的年龄为14岁。
2、小孩具体做的事情是严重地损坏了学校。
看似随意的报道内容却恰恰点出了本题解题的关键所在：14岁意指 teenager；
seriously destroy his school = a violent attack 意味着事件的严重程度已构成犯罪。
再把整个内容联 系起来就可以理解为 a teenager criminal；
此外，报道中也提到了对此事的惩罚措施是 clean the streets instead of being sent to prison.
分析得出以上信息，烤鸭们就可以把整个观点理解为：
A teenager who committed serious crimes is punished to clean streets instead of being sent to prison.
观点的最后有两个问题需要回答，我们可以尝试分别给出不同的答案来决定哪一种观点更容易解题。
【观点一】
两个同时肯定，即认为让青少年犯罪分子去打扫街道的惩罚方式是正确的，同时也认可送进监狱的好处。
根据这样的观点，主体段落一需要论证让青少年犯罪分子去打扫街道的好处，但在之前的素材积累中，并没有出现 clean streets 相关的内容，不过大家可以把 原有素材做部分表述的处理：
Community service, such as cleaning street, is an effective and constructive approach to remind young people of their misbehaviors.
It has been noticed that those once wrong doers do not often turn out to be good law obeyers after the jail term is over.
More often than not, it seems that many become re-offenders.
Clearly, without aiming to solve the problem within such lost people, traditional punishment system only plays the rule of suppressing rather than rehabilitating them.
The service exactly tends to modify their mental misunderstanding and make them realize the damage they bring to the society because it is the inner unresolved issues that propel many to go astray.
主体段落二证明监狱处罚的好处，大家又可以运用之前的素材啦：
It is certainly true that prisons have served to prevent young criminals from committing further crimes, thereby protecting ordinary citizens.
What remainders also valid is the fact that it has the added effect of deterring otherpotential criminals from performing such legally unacceptable activities.
Thus to a certain extent, I do agree that putting criminals in prisons is one useful way to ensure social stability and harmony.
【观点二】
认为这种做法是不对的，并且认为一定要把犯罪的青少年送进监狱。
段落一：论证让犯罪的青少年打扫街道的坏处（素材可以做如下调整）
Community service, such as cleaning street, is a less effective and constructive approach to remind young people of their misbehavior.
It has been noticed that those once wrong doers do not often turn out to be good law obeyers after service term is over.More often than not, it seems that many become reoffenders.
Clearly, without aiming to solve the problem within such lost people, traditional punishment system only plays the rule of suppressing rather than rehabilitating them.
Such practice has little effect in changing the problematic thought system in the minds of wrong-doers, as it is still geared towards addressing external problems rather than internal ones.
And in many affluent societies, it is the inner unresolved issues that propel many to go astray.
段落二：第二段依然证明送进监狱的好处，上述素材也依然可以完全迁移
It is certainly true that prisons have served to prevent young criminals from committing further crimes, thereby protecting ordinary citizens.
What remainders also valid is the fact that it has the added effect of deterring other potential criminals from performing such legally unacceptable activities.
Thus to a certain extent, I do agree that putting criminals in prisons is one useful way to ensure social stability and harmony.
【观点三】
前者表示肯定，后者持否定，即认为打扫街道的有效性，否定把犯罪的 青少年送进监狱的做法。
段落一：打扫街道的好处。
Community service, such as cleaning street, is an effective and constructive approach to remind young people of their misbehavior.
It has been noticed that those once wrong doers do not often turn out to be good law obeyers after the jail term is over.
More often than not, it seems that many become re-offenders.
Clearly, without aiming to solve the problem within such lost people, traditional punishment system only plays the rule of suppressing rather than rehabilitating them.
The service proves to be lenient with their misbehavior and tends to modify their mental misunderstanding by making them realize the damage they bring to the society.
It is the inner unresolved issues that propel many to go astray.
段落二：送进监狱的弊端，这个内容和已有素材不相符，但一样可以迁移，只是需要把内容全盘否定即可。
It is certainly untrue that prisons have served to prevent criminals from committing further crimes, thereby protecting ordinary citizens.
What remainders also invalid is the fact that it has the added effect of deterring other potential criminals from performing such legally unacceptable activities, which is noticeably evident for the disappointing phenomenon that youth crime rate rises at a constant rate.
Thus to a certain extent, I do not agree that putting criminals in prisons is one useful way to ensure social stability and harmony.
【观点四】
两者都否定，即认为打扫街道的做法不正确，也不赞同送进监狱。
但很显然，这样的回答似乎不符合常理。所以呀我们看范文并不是死记硬背，而是需要理解题目表象及其本质，更重要的是领会范文的思路。
（2）包含与被包含
--------------举个栗子-------------
「例1」
Millions of dollars are spent on space research every year. Some people argue that the money should be spent on improving living standards on Earth.
Do you agree or disagree?
本题由一个事实「政府给与太空探索投入了很多资金」+ 单观点「认为政府更应该把钱用于提高生活水平」构成。从政府的角度来说，任何方面的投资都有一定的意义。
对此，本题观点可以表达为：
While it is of great importance for government to improve living standards, other sectors are also well worth the financial support.
观点中的其他方面，可以针对 space exploration 展开。
The urgency for exploring the outer space is the challenge of resource depletion.
Overpopulation consumes resources at an alarming rate, and this predicts the scarcity of rare resources, such as gold and silver, on the Earth in a soon foreseeable future.
It is the very time to research for some energies and resources to make up for the potential exhaustion.
Other planets, on the other hand, could be ideal for humans to exploit alternative natural resources.
太空探索是一个比较大的话题，除了以上所提及的开发新能源以及为人类迁徙做准备之外，还有别的思路可以参考，比如科研方面、国际地位等。
「例2」
The world of work is changing rapidly.People today no longer take one job for life.Discuss the causes of these changes.
What suggestions would you make for young people to prepare themselves for the work in the future?
【分析】
本题属于report 题型，分析很多人换工作的原因以及给年轻人的就业建议。
就原因来说，我们可以从以下2个方面思考：
1、主动换工作。
这种情况一般都是积极因素，比如为了更高的薪水以及更好的 就业机会；
2、被动换工作。
主要考虑消极因素，比如科技的发展代替了传统的缺乏技能的劳动者，自身的能力不足被淘汰以及整体经济萧条导致就业机会减少。
再看 2014-1-11 的考题：
Many young people in workforce choose to change their jobs or career after few years.
What do you think are the reasons for this?
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
【分析】
Report和观点类的混合。就原因分析来说，大家可能会忽略题中的短语：「choose to」
这个短语表明年轻人换工作是主动行为，所以论述原因只能选择上述素材的积极部分，而不能全部引用。
总而言之，写作素材的新旧确实是判断烤鸭能力的一部分，也是拿高分的亮点所在，但是这种积累并不能一蹴而就。如果大家可以在短时间内学会素材迁移，相信一定可以起到事半功倍的效果。
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