華裔男性吸菸率高居不下，紐約推出中文禁菸廣告
New York Confronts Rampant Smoking Among Chinese Men
DONALD G. McNEIL Jr.
2018年6月25日
Reflecting a global trend, Chinese men in New York City smoke at much higher rates than men or women in any other ethnic group — and deaths from lung cancer among them have soared.
與其他任何族裔的男性女性相比，紐約市的華裔男性有著更高的吸菸率——肺癌死亡人數也在飆升，這反映了一種全球趨勢。
As a result, the city’s health department launched a public service ad campaign this month aimed specifically at Chinese men.
因此，紐約衛生部門本月發佈了一條專門針對華裔男性的公益廣告。
In its video, various men pose with their children, or in the arms of wives or girlfriends. Then, slowly, the men fade away into wisps of gray smoke.
視頻中，各個男士或者與子女站在一起，或是與妻子、女友相擁。然後，他們慢慢地化成一縷灰煙消失。
“Every cigarette puff reduces your years shared with your loved ones,” the announcer says in Mandarin. “Stop wasting your precious life, and quit smoking now.”
“每多吸一口煙，你就越快消失在親人面前，”旁白用普通話說道。“別讓你寶貴的生命在煙霧中消逝，立刻戒菸。”
Lung cancer deaths among Asian men in the city have increased 70 percent in the last 15 years, and smoking rates among them have risen even as they have declined among other ethnic groups, the health department said.
衛生部門表示，在過去15年中，紐約市亞裔男性肺癌死亡人數增加了70%，即使其他族裔的吸菸率已經下降，亞裔男性的吸菸率仍在上升。
A department study of the health of Asian New Yorkers released in March found that 23 percent of local Asians smoked, versus 18 percent of whites, 17 percent of Hispanics and 14 percent of blacks.
今年3月發佈的一份關於紐約亞裔健康狀況的研究報告發現，當地有23%的亞裔吸菸，相比之下，白人為18%，西班牙裔17%，黑人14%。
But breakdowns by ethnicity and sex tell a more complex story. Korean and Chinese people smoke at higher rates than average, while South Asians and Filipinos smoke less often. At 27 percent, Chinese men are the city’s heaviest smokers, while only 4 percent of Asian women smoke.
但根據族裔和性別進行分析可以說明更為複雜的情況。韓國人和中國人的吸菸率高於平均水平，南亞和菲律賓人則較少吸菸。吸菸率為27%的華裔男性是紐約市吸菸最為嚴重的群體，而亞洲女性只有4%的人吸菸。
Two factors push up smoking rates among Chinese men in New York, said Regina F. Lee, who chairs the Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership.
“亞裔美國人無煙社區夥伴計劃”(Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership)的主席李鳳儀表示，紐約華裔男性吸菸率高，由兩個因素推動。
Cultural norms from China persist in the city because many Chinese residents are foreign-born, she said: “Sixty percent of men there smoke, while there is a stigma to women smoking.”
由於許多華裔居民在外國出生，來自中國的文化規範在紐約仍在延續，她說：“在中國，60%的男性吸菸，女性吸菸則是一種恥辱。”
Also, it has long been hard for Chinese-speakers to get the help the city offers to smokers, including free nicotine patches and gum. Anyone calling the quit-smoking hotline usually got an English-speaker and had to wait while a translator was found.
此外，說中文的人長期以來也難以獲得紐約市為吸菸者提供的幫助，包括免費的尼古丁貼片和戒菸口香糖。撥打戒菸熱線電話的人通常會接通一位講英語的接線員，然後必須等接線員找到一位翻譯。
“So we were delighted when the health department proposed this,” Ms. Lee said.
“因此當衛生部門提出這一點時我們非常高興，”李鳳儀說。
The hotline mentioned in the ad (1-800-838-8917) is part of the national Asian Smokers’ Quitline, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and offers help in Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese.
廣告中提及的熱線電話(1-800-838-8917)是全國亞裔菸民戒菸熱線的一個分支，由疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)資助，提供普通話、粵語、韓語及越南語幫助。
A 2015 study published in the Lancet found that Chinese men smoke a third of all the cigarettes in the world, and that by the year 2050, three million of them will die each year of smoking-related causes.
《柳葉刀》(Lancet)雜誌2015年發表的一項研究發現，中國男性吸了全世界三分之一的煙，並且到2050年，每年因吸菸引發疾病死亡的人數將達到300萬人。
But antismoking efforts in China face a delicate political situation. More than 7 percent of the government’s revenue comes from its monopoly ownership of the Chinese National Tobacco Corporation.
但中國的禁菸行動面對著一種微妙的政治環境。政府超過7%的收入來自於對中國菸草總公司的壟斷所有權。
In New York, recent antismoking ads in English and Spanish have been much grimmer, showing people dying in misery or with amputated fingers.
最近，紐約的英語和西班牙語禁菸廣告已變得更加令人生畏，展示了死於痛苦或手指截肢的人們。
“The health department did focus groups and decided to start with a slightly softer approach,” Ms. Lee said. “No one knows how the community will react.”
“衛生部門進行了焦點會談並決定用比較柔和的方法著手，”李鳳儀說。“沒人知道社區會如何反應。”
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