今天和大家分享的是英語特殊句式-There be句型,還沒有掌握的同學趕快看一下吧!
01
there be 句型基本認識
1、定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。
2、結構:
(1)There is +單數可數名詞/不可數名詞+ 地點狀語.
(2) There are +複數名詞+地點狀語.
注意事項: there是引導詞,在句中不充當任何成分,翻譯時也不必譯出。句子的主語是某人或某物,謂語動詞be要與主語(某人或某物)的數保持一致。當主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時,謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致。如:
① There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一隻鳥。
② There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom. 我們教室裡有一位老師和許多學生。
③ There are two boysand a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個男孩,一個女孩。
02
there be 句型考點
考點一:各種句型轉化。
1、變成否定
There be句型的否定式的構成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣,在be後加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,nota/an/any + n. 相當於no+ n.。例如:
①There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
②There is a bike behind the tree.
→There isn't a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
2、變成一般疑問句
There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調整到句首,再在句尾加上問號即可。但同時要注意:當肯定句中有some時,要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)。
①There is some water on Mars.
→ Is there any water on Mars?
②There are some fish in the water.
→Are there any fish in the water?
3、特殊疑問句
對主語提問:當主語是人的時候,則用who 引導,當主語是物的時候,則用what引導。注意:無論原句的主語是單數還是複數,對之提問時一般都用be的單數形式(回答時卻要根據實際情況來決定)。如:
①There are many things over there.
→What's over there?
②There is a little girl in theroom.
→Who is in the room?
對地點狀語提問:則用where 引導。如:
①There is a computer on the desk.
→ Where is the computer?
②There are four children on the playground.
→Where are the four children?
對數量提問:般有兩種句型結構:
How many+複數名詞+are there+介詞短語?
How much+不可數名詞+is there+介詞短語?
考點二:there be 句型的時態。
be可以有現在時(there is/are)
過去時(there was/were)
將來時(there is/are going to be或there will be)
完成時(there have/has been)
還可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。
①--There ___ a concert this evening.
--Yeah.Exciting news!
A. are going to be
B. is going to be
C. is going to have
D.will have
答案:B
考點三:there be 句型反意疑問句的構成:
be (not) there? 如:
There is some milk in the bottle, ____?
A.isn't there
B.aren't there
C.isn't it
D.are there
答案:A
考點四:there be 句型的主謂一致:
There be 結構中的be動詞要和後面所跟名詞保持一致,遵循就近原則。如:
1.There___any rice in the bowl.
A. are B.is C. isn’t D. aren’t
2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
A. have been
B.were
C. are
D.is
考點五:there be 句型用的其他動詞:
there be 句型中有時不用動詞be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。如:
There ____ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黃岡)
A. seems to be
B. seem to be
C. is seeming to be
D. are
剖析:根據就近原則,首先排除B、D,而 there be 句型中有時不用動詞be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等,所以答案應從A、C中選。感官動詞一般不用進行時,故C也不正確。
注意事項:there be 句型與have句型的區別(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關係。 如:
He has two sons.
他有兩個兒子。
There are two men in the office.
辦公室裡有兩個男人。
(2)當have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時,Therebe 句型與其可互換。如:
A week has seven days.
=There are seven days in a week.
一個星期有七天。
03
There be 句型其他用法
1、There be後接表示物的主語時,後面常接不定式作定語,不定式常用主動形式表示被動意義。
There is a lot of work to do. 有許多工作要做(工作被做)。
2、There be後接表示人或動物的主語時,後面長接V-ing形式作定語。
There are some children playing downstairs. 幾個孩子在樓下玩呢。
3、與其他詞連用,構成複合謂語。如:
◆ There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有一場大雨。
◆ There used to be a cinema here before the war. 戰前這裡有一個電影院。
◆ There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一個人從旁經過。
4、There be結構中的be根據所表達的句意需要,可用live, stand, remain等代替。如:
◆ There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什麼事似的。
◆ There existed different opinions on this issue. 對這個問題曾有不同看法。
◆ There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩28英鎊了。
5、There be結構的反意疑問句應與there be對應,而不是依據主語。如:
◆ There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有臺收音機,是嗎?
◆ There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河裡沒有魚,是吧?
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