03.31 狀語從句解析之“讓步狀語從句” 高考英語精講—語法(二十二)

狀語從句解析之“讓步狀語從句”  高考英語精講—語法(二十二)

讓步狀語從句

一、though/ although, even if/ even though引導

1. though, although

表示“雖然,縱然”之意

這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet,still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:

I will remain firm though I must lower my physical sights.

儘管我得降低體育(鍛鍊)的目標,但我的意志是堅強的。

Though I believe it, yet I must consider.

儘管我相信這一點,但我還得考慮考慮。

Although/ Though he was exhausted, he (still) kept on working.

雖然他已經精疲力竭了,但他仍然繼續工作。

Although/ Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.

他雖然年紀大了,身體還很健壯。

值得注意的是,although引導的讓步狀語從句位於主句之前的情況較多,though引導的讓步狀語從句可位於主句之前或主句之後。例如:

She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.

她雖然不用功學習,考試卻及格了。

2. even if 與even though 的區別 兩者均可用於引導讓步狀語從句,其細微區別是:

1). even if 引導的從句是往往是假設性的,相當於漢語的“即使”“縱然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:

They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.

即使你不成功,他們也會支持你。

Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.

即使我得一路走著去,我也要走到那裡。

Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.

即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計劃。

For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go.

至於我,即使你決定不去參加晚會我也會去的。

Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.

就算你看見是他拾起的錢,你也不能肯定錢就是他偷的。

正因為even if從句的內容通常是假設性的,所以有時還可用於虛擬語氣;這樣用的even if 與單獨使用的if比較接近。如:

Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.

他即使有錢也不會買它。

I would have married her even if she had been penniless.

即使她身無分文,我也會和她結婚。

2).even though 引導的從句內容往往是真實的,主要用於引出不利用於主句情況的信息,相當於漢語的“儘管”“雖然”。如:

He went out even though it was raining.

儘管在下雨,他還是出去了。

Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.

雖然工作艱苦,我還是很喜歡。

He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience.

他儘管經驗最少,但教得最好。

Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time.

儘管這次聚會上我誰也不認識,我也玩得挺痛快。

這樣用的even though與though或although的意思比較接近,許多時候可以互換(注意:英語可以說though和even though,但不能說even although)。如:

Even though I felt sorry for him, I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.

雖然我為他感到惋惜,但對他的困難卻暗自高興。

Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game.

雖然我們已盡了最大的力量,但還是輸了。

3).不過,在實際語言運用中,even if與even though有時也可不加區別地混用。如:

Even if/ Even though she laughs at him, he likes her.

儘管她嘲笑他,他還是很喜歡她。

We thoroughly understand each other, even if/ even though we don’t always agree.

我們彼此非常瞭解,雖然有時候也有一些分歧。

二、whether…or,疑問詞+ever與no matter+疑問詞

1. whether...or...

表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。

But whether it's a friendly rivalry or a fight to the death, the end result is the same.

但不管是友好競爭還是生死決鬥,結果總是相同。

2. whether

由這一個複合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果,所以它的語氣是比較強烈的,從而也更加堅定了主句的內容。例如:

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.

不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮。

Whether you believe it or not, it's true.

無論你是否相信,這都是真的。

Whether or not they win this battle, they won't win the war.

不管他們是否能贏得這次戰役,他們絕不會贏得這場戰爭。 [1]

3. “no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞-ever

含義為“……都……;不管……都……”

它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)

無論發生了什麼事情,他都不會介意的。

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.)

不管你是誰,你都需要遵紀守法。

When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he's a superior or servant, it's proper to say “Thank you”.

只要任何人替你做了一件事,不管事情多麼微不足道,也不管他是你的上司還是你的僕人,你都應該說聲“謝謝”。

但“no matter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導名詞性從句。例如:

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引導讓步狀語句)無論你說什麼,我都不會相信你。

I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導賓語從句)

你給我吃什麼,我就吃什麼。

Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導主語從句)

不管誰來都受到歡迎。

三、when和while引導的讓步狀語從句

用when和while引導讓步狀語從句。不要認為when和while只引導時間狀語從句,其實它們也可引導讓步狀語從句,意思是“儘管”或“雖然”:while引導讓步狀語從句一般要位於句首。

例如:

While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.

我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.

雖然我理解你的意思,但我還是不同意。

She stopped when she ought to have continued.

儘管她應該繼續下去,她卻停住了。

難點:

1. though和although引導讓步狀語從句時,不可以與but連用。漢語中用"雖然……但是……”,但英語中只用though,although或but即可。

Although/though he is very old, he still works very hard. =(He is very old, he still works very hard)

雖然他老了,但他仍然很努力地工作。

不可說:Although/though he is very old, but he still works very hard。

though和although可以與yet連用。此處yet雖與but同義,但它不是連詞,而是副詞。

Though l knew the fact,yet l didn’t say anything。

儘管我知道,但我什麼都沒說。

2. however 用作副詞,不可連接句子。但可置於第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特別注意標點的使用。

Alice is a good student.However, she has one shortcoming.

愛麗絲是一個很好的學生,但她仍有缺點。

He has not arrived. He may, however, come later.

他還沒有到,他可能要晚到一會了。

易錯點:

what(who,which,when,etc.)與whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的區別:

當引導引導讓步狀語從句時,兩者相同,可以互換(what=the thing, whatever = anyting),但當引導名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句)時則只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc)。如上面最後兩個例句可改為:

However pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.

I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be.

下面句子不能用no matter結構(no matter不能引導名詞性從句):

Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.(主語從句)

I am ready to do whatever you want me to .(賓語從句)

例如:

Whatever you did, I will accept.為讓步狀語從句.

I will accept whatever you did.為賓語從句.


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