2020年注定是非凡的一年，亦将载入人类史册。
新冠肺炎疫情下对学生来说，尤其是高三学生，在2020高考倒计时还有97天，我们选择这篇坚不可摧的演讲鼓励同学们在疫情下自律复习，不气馁，不放弃，坚持拼搏迎接属于你奋斗的未来蓝天。
Unbroken (坚不可摧)
You can’t connect the dots looking forward
注解：looking现在分词作伴随状语，与主语you之间是主动关系
你无法把点滴与未来联系，
you can only connect them looking backwards
注解：looking现在分词作原先状语，其与主语you之间是主动关系
只能通过回顾才能看见。
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future
注解：that后接that引导的宾语从句
所以你必须相信过去的点滴能串联未来，
you have to trust in something: your guts, destiny,life,karma,whatever
你必须始终持有信念，不管那是你胆识、命运、人生、无论是什么
注解：whatever在此让步状语从句，后面省略了it is
Because believing in the dots will connect down the road
注解：believing是动名词做主语
因为唯有把过去点滴串联起来，
will give you the confidence to follow your heart
你才能有信念忠于自我，
注解：to follow是动词不定式作目的状语
even when it leads you off the well worn path
注解：when引导的世间状语从句
即使你的选择和别人的不同，
and that will make all the difference
这会使你与众不同。
Your time is limited,so don’t waste it living in someone else’s life
你的生命是有限的，所以不要浪费你的时间活在其他人的生活当中。
注解：living是动名词作宾语，实际上是waste time (in) doing sth.,浪费时间做某事
Don’t be trapped by dogma,which is living with the result of others people’s thinking
不要被教条所约束，别活在别人对你的期望之中。
注解：which引导的定语从句，对先行词dogma进一步解说
Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your inner voice
注解：drown是省略动词不定式(to) drown,前面有使役动词let，在主动句式下，let后接不定式作补语省略to。类似用法还有have和make，但是需要注意主动句还是被动语境。
别让来自其他人的噪音抹去你自己内心的声音；
You’ve got to find what you love
注解：what引导的宾语从句，作find的宾语。
and that is true for your work as it is for your lovers
包括你热爱的事业和你的伴侣；
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life
你的事业将会占据你生命的大部分时间；
and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work
注解：
1.to be satisfied是动词不定式的被动作way的后置定语
2.what引导的从句作do的宾语。
3. you believe 是插入语。
唯有相信你所做的工作是对的，你才能发自内心的获得满足。
and the only way to do great work is to love what you do
注解：
1.to do是动词不定式作way的后置定语。
2.what引导的从句作love的宾语。
而唯有热爱你所做的事，方才能成就不凡，
If you haven’t found it yet,keep looking and don't settle
注解：
if引导的条件状语从句，主句中省略主语（you）keep...
如若你还没有找到，继续寻找；
Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition
注解：
to follow动词不定式作courage的后置定语
别追求安逸，要有勇气顺从自己的心和直觉。
They somehow already know what you truly want to become
注解：
what引导的从句作know的宾语，是宾语从句
你的内心早就知道你未来的梦想，
you gonna have some ups and you gonna have some downs
你的旅途不可能一路顺遂，必然有起有落
Most people give up on themselves easily
大多数人都轻易放弃
You know the human spirits is powerful?
注解：
know后省略（that）引导的的宾语从句
但你知道人的意志有多强大么？
There’s nothing powerful,it’s hard to kill the human spirit
注解：
1.powerful为形容词修饰不定代词，后置
2.to kill为动词不定式，由it作形式主语，代替不定式引导的主系表结构
人的意志是无可比拟的坚韧而不屈的！
Anybody can feel good when they have their health,their bills are paid,and have happy relationships
注解：
when引导的的时间状语从句
任何人在财务、感情、生活、健康良好的环境中 都能感到幸福
Anybody can be positive then
任何人都可以自得其满
Anybody can have a larger vision then
任何人都能有宏大的理想
Anybody can have faith under those kinds of circumstances
任何人在任何的环境下都能有信念
The real challenge of growth mentally,emotionally and spiritually comes when you get knocked down
注解：
when引导的的时间状语从句
你所面临的真正挑战， 真正考验你的信念、信仰和意志的时候，是当你被击倒的时候
It takes courage to act
起身而行需要勇气
注解：
1.to act为动词不定式，由it作形式主语，代替不定式引导的主谓宾结构
Part of being hungry when you have been defeated
被击倒仍能保持谦虚
it takes courage to start over again
注解：
to start为动词不定式，由it作形式主语，代替不定式引导的主谓宾结构
需要有勇气去放下并重新开始
Fear kills dreams
恐惧，扼杀梦想
Fear kills hope
恐惧，扼杀希望
Fear put people in the hospital
恐惧，使人一蹶不振
fear can age you
恐惧使你衰老
can hold you back from doing something that you know within yourself that you are capable of doing
注解：
1.doing为动名词作介词from的宾语
2.第一个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词something
3.第二个that引导的宾语从句作know的宾语
but it will paralyse you
它也会使你麻木不仁
At the end of your feelings is nothing
你的情绪跌宕起伏，却仍然一事无成
but at the end of every principle is a promise
但是在每个原则背后，是自我的承诺
Behind your little feelings,it might not be absolutely nothing at the end of your little feelings
你的喜怒哀乐，最后也许什么都没有
but behind every principle is a promise
但是每当你下定决心，它是一种承诺
and some of you in your life
你们有些人，至今碌碌无为
the reason why you are not at your goal right now, cause you just all about your feelings
注解：
1.why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason，相当于for which
2. cause 是because的省略结构，引导的时间状语从句
为什么你现在不在你的目标，因为你只关心你的感觉
all of your feelings,you don’t feel like waking up,so who does
你所有的情绪，像是早上心情不好，不愿起床，谁愿意呢？
注解：
1.walking是动名词作feel like的宾语，类似enjoy/consider doing
Everyday,you say no to your dreams
每天你不愿去面对你的梦想
you might be pushing your dreams back a whole six months,a whole year
你也许会把目标延后整整六个月，或是一年！
That one single day,that one day you didn’t get up could have pushed your steps back,i don’t know how long
注解：
1.how long作know的宾语，后面省略主语和谓语
就是那没有起身鞭策自己的那一瞬间
你不知后退了多少
Don’t allow your emotions to control you
注解：
1. to control 为动词不定式作补语，实际上是allow sb./sth/ to do
别让你的情感控制你！
We are emotional,but what you want to begin to discipline your emotion
注解：
1.what作know的宾语，后面省略主语和谓语
我们是情感的动物，但是你想要管理你的情感
If you don’t discipline and control your emotions,they will use you
你若无法控制它， 你便将被它吞噬
注解：
1.if引导的条件状语从句
You want it,and you’re going to go all out to have it
注解：
1.go all out to do 结构作 go to do结构的宾语，其表达全力以赴做某事
你想要全力以赴，毫不保留
It’s not going to be easy, when you want to change
it’s not easy, if it were in fact easy, everybody would do it
注解：
1.when引导的时间状语从句
2.if引导的虚拟语气 ，其用it were easy表示，表达一种假设
当你尝试改变的时候，不会很容易，
如果很容易的话，那人人皆可做到！
but if you’re serious,you’ll go all out
注解：
1.if引导的条件状语从句
但如果你想认真对待，就全力以赴
I’m in control here
I’m not gonna let this get me down.I’m not gonna let this destroy me
注解：
1.这里两个gonna相当于going to
2.get和destroy后接的都是省略动词不定式to符号，作补语
我才是自己的主宰者，我绝不会让外界事物打击我，摧毁我
I’m coming back
我将重新站起来
and I’ll be stronger and better because of it
注解：
1. stronger and better用并列形容词比较级，表达主语的情绪
我将会变得更好、更加坚强
You have got to make a declaration
你必须要下定决心，
that this is what you stand for
注解：
1. what引导的从句作表语，是表语从句
这是你的意义
You’re standing up for your dreams.
You’re standing up for peace of mind.
You’re standing up for health
如果这是你想要的梦想，
不论那是健康、或是功成名就
take full responsibilities for your life
要对你的人生负完全的责任
accept where you are and the responsibilities that you’re going to take yourselves to where you want to go
注解：
1. where引导的从句作accept的宾语，是宾语从句
2. where引导的从句作介词to的宾语，是宾语从句
接受现在的自己，并把坚信自己能做得更好当作一种责任
You can decide that I’m going to live each day as if it were my last
注解：
1. that引导的从句作decide的宾语，是宾语从句
2. as if导的虚拟语气，其it were 结构是虚拟假设
你可以选择把每一天都当作最后一天来过！
Then live your life with passion
with some drive
活出你的激情！拿出你的魄力！
Decide that you’re going to push yourself
注解：
1. that引导的从句作decide的宾语，是宾语从句
不断鞭策自己做得更好！
The last chapter to your life has not been written yet
人生的最后一章还未写下，
and it doesn’t matter about what happened to you yesterday
注解：
1. what引导的从句作介词about的宾语，是宾语从句
昨日的种种事情并不重要。
it doesn’t matter about what happened to you
注解：
1. what引导的从句作介词about的宾语，是宾语从句
你发生了什么也没关系
What matters is what are you going to do about it.
注解：
1.what引导的从句作介词about的宾语，是宾语从句
2.第一个what引导是主语从句
3.第二个what引导是表语从句
重要的是，你接下来打算怎么做？
This year I will make this goal become a reality
今年我要使梦想成为现实
I won’t talk about it anymore.
我已不想再多谈论什么了
I can,I can,I can!!!
我能行，我能行，我能行！
To persevere I think is important for everybody
注解：
1.to persevere为动词不定式做主语
2. I think作插入语
我觉得坚持对每个人都很重要，
don’t give up, don’t give in
不要放弃，不要妥协，
there’s always an answer to everything
人生的每件事总会有解答的
反思：
词汇和语法的学习需要结合语境，通过语境理解语法的死结构和语境的活应用，做到牢记死结构，语境活应用。
尤其像本演讲中：
1.本演讲中反复运用非谓语动词的不定式、动名词、分词形式，这样使用能使短时间的演讲更加生动形象。
2.本演讲中反复运用名词从句、定语从句和状语从句，利用三大从句结构能使演讲的结构更加清晰。
3.非谓语动词的不定式、动名词、分词和名词从句、定语从句和状语从句的三大从句作为每年高考英语的必考的核心考点，因此需要对其进行牢固掌握。限于篇幅，今天讲义中我们重点讲解从句中我what使用。
What的用法
what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词，引导特殊疑问句，在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语；又能用作连接代词（或复合关系代词），引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句；还能用作疑问形容词，只作定语并可表示感叹。
高考中what用法归纳
(1) 用作疑问词，引导特殊疑问句，在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语；
(2) 用作连接代词（或复合关系代词），引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句；(3) 用作疑问形容词，只作定语并可表示感叹。
现就what考点用法归纳如下：
1. what = just as，意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词，引导比较状语从句。
⑴ 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：
① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。（介词to 表示两者的关系）
⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：
② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.
厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。（介词for表示“供…使用”）
⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首，其句式是：
What C is to D，that A is to B.（= A is to B what C is to D.）
在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as…，so…”结构，意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：
What blood vessel is to a man’s body，that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man’s body ，so Railway is to transportation.）
铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人体一样。
2. what 与do with连用，意为“（怎样）处理﹑安排或对付等”。
what常有较灵活的翻译，常用结构是：
“what …do with sth./sb.？”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：
① What will you do with the letter？ 你将把那封信怎样处理？
② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。
注意：do with 与deal with同义，但搭配不同：do with只能与what搭配，而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较：
③ How will you deal with the letter？你将那封信怎样处理？
④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.
如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水，就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。
3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌（汽车﹑电话等）号码等时，只能用what提问，不能用how much提问。例如：
① What is the cost（price）of the gold watch？这块金表多少钱？
② What is the speed of the car？车速是多少？
③ What is the length（width﹑depth）of the lake？这湖有多长（宽、深）？
④ What is the population（area）of China？中国的人口（面积）有多少（大）？
⑤ What money（cash） have you got？ 你有多少钱（现金）？
⑥ What is your telephone （car、room）number？ 你的电话（汽车﹑房间）号码是多少？
4.“What is …like？”的两种含义。
⑴ 表示“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。例如：
① What is the weather like today？今天天气怎样？
② What is the climate like there？那里的气候怎样？
⑵ 表示“像什么样，什么模样，怎样的” 指人或事物。例如：
③ What is the camel like ？骆驼是什么样子的？
④ — What is your teacher like？— She is very kind and beautiful.
“你老师是怎样一个人？”——“她既善良又美丽。”
⑤ What will life be like in the future ？未来的生活是什么样子呢？
注意：“What is…like？”通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问，包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征（或持久的特征）提问。而“How is … like？”是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法，可以用来询问变化的事物，如暂时的情况，情绪等，还常用来问候别人的健康。如：
⑥ How is your work these days？ 近来你的工作情况如何？
⑦ How is he？ 他近况如何？ （他身体近来怎么样？）
比较：What does she look like？她是什么模样？（What… look like？只能指外表）
5.“What do you think of…？”用于询问对方对……的看法或评价。例如：
① What do you think of the idea？你认为这个主意怎样？
② What did you think of that film？你对那场电影评价如何？
注意：“ What do you think of…？”是惯用搭配，不能改为“How do you think of…？”。但我们可以说：How do you feel about the idea（that film）？或者How do you like the idea（that film）？
6.what 用作复合关系代词时，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：
① China is no longer what it used to be？中国已不是过去的中国
② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。她就是你说的“女才子”。
③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。
7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如：
① We will make the factory twice what it is today.
我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。（句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语）
② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.
地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量（句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句；句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh，系回答how much 的问题，作状语）
8.像how和why一样，what可以用作名词。例如：
①Please explain to us how and why，since you know what.
既然你想出一个好办法，请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。
②By asking why，how and what if，curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
通过刨根问底，提出假设，富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意，找出了解决问题的新办法。
9.与what连用的常用句型和词组
⑴ What if…？What will or would happen if…？如果（假如）…将会怎么样？例如：
① What if it is true？如果这是真的又怎么样？
② What if a storm should come up？万一发生暴风雨怎么办？
⑵ what with：because of ；as a result of；因为；由于……的结果；例如：
③ What with overwork and （what with）so little sleep，she fell ill.
一半由于工作过度的劳累，一半由于睡眠不足，她病倒了。
④ She has been depressed，what with losing her job and having to move.
她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。
⑶ and what not ：and so on ；etc；以及各种其它东西；诸如此类；等等；例如：
⑤ I bought sugar，tea，eggs，and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。
⑷ come what will（may）是固定搭配必须倒装，意为“不管发生什么事”“不管怎样”
⑥ Come what will （may），I will always stand by you.
强化练习一
1. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
2. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A． that B. when
C. what D. how
3. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s_____.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
4. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that
C. which D. why
6. ---I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder _____ we can do about it.
A. If B. how
C. what D. that
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants.
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
8. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
9. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. （2001上海春季）
A. that B. how
C. where D. what
10. ____ she couldn’t understand was_____ fewer and fewer stu
dents showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
强化练习二
What用法强化练习，为了突出考查what用法，下面填空中可以使用that，注意区分what和that。
1. ______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true ?
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
9. _____ has made China _____ it is now?
10. _____we can’t get seems better than___ we have .
11.A computer can only do_____ you instructed it to do .
12.He became so angry___ he couldn't speak .
13.There is the city____ we visited last year .
14._____ the price of cars will go down is true.
15. ______he did surprised us .
16.______ you have done might do harm to other people.
17.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
18.______ you don't like him is none of my business.
19.The fact ____ he is a model teacher is well-known.
20.They expressed the hope____ they would come over to China again.
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