01.31 轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

第10章:如何教聽力(How to teach listening)

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

手寫筆記

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10


讀書筆記中英文對照

■10-1:為什麼教聽力(why teach listening?)

◆10-1-1:讓學生聽到不同的語言變體和口音(let students hear different varieties and accents);

◆10-1-2:讓學生不僅要接觸“英式英語”,還要接觸諸如“美式英語、澳式英語、加勒比英語、印度英語或西非英語”等變體(exposed not only to variety of ‘British English’but also to varieties such as American English,Australian english,Caribbean English,Indian English or West African Englsih);

◆10-1-3:與語言變體相關的問題(problems associated with the issue of language variety);

【1】→不同的方言和口音(different dialects and accents);

【2】→發音、語法(pronunciation ,grammar)

◆10-1-4:變體的數量(the number of different varieties);

◆10-1-5:與學生所學語言變體的差異程度(the degree to which they are different from one student are learning);

◆10-1-6:使用錄製的材料可以以實例證明主題寬泛(use of taped material can exemplify a wide range of topics);

◆10-1-7:好的錄音更有效果(good tapes are far more powerful);

◆10-1-8:幫助學生在不知不覺中習得語言(help students to acquire language subconsciously);

◆10-1-9:聽力提供接觸語言的機會;學生獲得相關的重要信息,諸如語法和詞彙,發音、節奏、語調、音高和重音(listening provides exposure and students get vital information not only about grammar and vocabulary but also pronunciation,rhythm,intonation,pitch and stress.);

【會心之處】:聽力教學首先提供豐富的語言輸入,包括不同的語言變體,方言及口音,而這些都是閱讀教學無法提供的。學生有機會習得不同地域,不同階層,不同職業的語言特色。


■10-2:學生該做何種聽力練習(what kind of listening should students do?)

◆10-2-1:聽力需要聽者的參與(listening demands listener engagement);

◆10-2-2:一切皆賴於學生的水平和任務的種類(everything depends on level and kinds of tasks);

◆10-2-3:播放不同類別的錄音材料(play different kinds of tape);

【會心之處】:聽力材料要更加關注學生的語言水平和興趣點,否則學生極易在聽力過程中“靈魂出竅”而錯過重要的信息點。


■10-3:聽力的特別之處(what’s special about listening?)

◆10-3-1:所有學生適應相同的錄音播放速度(tapes go at the same speed for everybody);

◆10-3-2:說話者的語速主導聽力中的互動(speed of speakers dominate interaction);

◆10-3-3:錄音材料的不間斷播放,易導致驚慌失措(relentlessness of taped material accounts for feeling of panic);

◆10-3-4:鼓勵學生聽取整體印象(students being encouraged to listen for general understanding);

◆10-3-5:非正式口語:不完整的話語,反覆,猶豫(informal spoken language:incomplete utterance,repetitions,hesitations);

◆10-3-6:確保學生對於聽力任務有充分的準備(ensuring students are well prepared for listening);

【會心之處】:聽力任務極易讓學生緊張,即使是最頂尖的學生,在聽力過程中都會“忐忑不安,原因在於聽力材料是時間線性的,無法暫停、會看、思考,所以確保學生在聽力之前有充分的準備,熟悉聽力材料中的語言特點,至關重要。


■10-4:聽力教學的原則(what are the principles behind the teaching of listening?)

◆10-4-1:原則1:錄音機和磁帶同樣重要(Principle 1:the tape recorder is just as important as the tape);

【1】→確保錄音機在教室各個角落均能聽到(being sure tape recorder can be heard all around the classroom);

【2】→好的揚聲器(good speaker);

◆10-4-2:原則2:充分準備非常重要(Principle 2:preparation is vital);

【1】→教師需要在課前提前聽磁帶(teachers need to listen to the tape before class);

【2】→學生需要先行看圖,討論主題或閱讀問題(students need to look at pictures,discuss the topics or read the questions first);

【3】→猜測播放內容(predict what is coming);

◆10-4-3:原則3:僅播放一遍絕對不夠(Principle 3:once will not be enough);

◆10-4-4:鼓勵學生不僅對語言,更要對聽力內容作出回應(students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a listening,not only to the language);

【1】→聽力練習最重要的部分是提取意思(the most important part of listening practice is to draw out meaning);

◆10-4-5:原則5:不同的聽力階段需要不同的聽力任務(Principle 5:different listening stages demand different listening tasks);

【1】→針對不同的聽力階段,設定不同的任務(to set different tasks for different listening stages);

【2】→初次聽,任務需簡單而直白(for a first listening,task being straightforward and general);

【3】→再次聽,聚焦於細節:信息,語言使用和發音(later listening, focusing on detail of information,language use,pronunciation);

◆10-4-6:原則6:好教師能將聽力文本發揮至極致(Principle 6:good teachers exploit listening texts to the full);

【1】→將磁帶應用到儘可能多的活動中(use the tape for as many different applications as possible);

【會心之處】:聽力教學的原則,包括硬件的排查與準備、聽前的預備、聽力的不同階段,以及後續活動設計。每一個環節都是保證一節聽力課成功的關鍵因素。


■10-5:聽力活動順序如何?(what do listening sequences look like?)

◆10-5-1:實例1:初學者(Example 1. beginners);

【1】→引入單詞(introduce words);

【2】→快速“問-答”操練(do quick question-and-answer drill);

【3】→看圖說話(look at photographs and say what they are);

【4】→聽對話,將對話與圖片匹配(listen to conversations and match conversations to pictures);

【5】→深入的聽力練習(further listening tasks);

【6】→後續練習:分角色表演“提議-接受”(follow-up: role-play offering and accepting);

【7】→順序:準備→整體語言練習→細節→後續練習(sequence:preparation→general language practice→detail→follow-up);

【8】→拼接式:融入-學習-融入-激活(patchwork:Engage-Study-Engage-Activate);

◆10-5-2:實例2:初級(Example 2.elementary);

【1】→學生閱讀並聽語段(students read and listen to paragraphs);

【2】→問答練習(ask and answer questions);

【3】→學生查看練習題中問題並猜測答案(students look at questions in exercise and predict answers);

【4】→聽磁帶並檢查答案(listen to tape and check through answers);

【5】→學習語言(study language);

【6】→表演對話(act out dialogue);

◆10-5-3:實例3:中級(Example 3.intermediate);

【1】→學生將文化習俗與不同國家進行配對(students match cultural practices with various countries);

【2】→學生融入並準備(students get engaged and prepared);

【3】→學生查看任務並預測故事(students look at task and predict story);

【4】→學生聽錄音並互相比較答案(students listen and compare answers with each other);

【5】→學生聽磁帶並識別“過去式”的範例(students listen and identify examples of“past”);

【6】→後續練習:談論誤解次數與建議(follow-up: talk about times/advice);

【7】→模式:融入-激活-學習-激活(pattern:Engage-Activate-Study-Activate);

◆10-5-4:實例4:中上級(Example 4.upper intermediate);

【1】→學生將運動項目按照0-10排序(students put sports in order from 0-10);

【2】→學生討論(students discuss);

【3】→學生閱讀摘要(students read summaries);

【4】→學生聽錄音並比較答案(students listen and compare answers);

【5】→學生再次聽,獲得細節(listen again for details);

【6】→後續練習(follow-up practice);

【7】→模式:融入-激活-學習(pattern:Engage-Activate-Study);

【會心之處】: 所有聽力活動都以“engage”為發端,然後或者“study”,或者“Activate”,或者互相穿插,最終進入“follow-up”環節,體現“E-S-A”的教學模式順序。


■10-6:如何使用視頻 (what does video fit in? )

◆10-6-1:根據學生興趣和語言水平選擇視頻(choose video according to level and interest of students);

◆10-6-2:食品比語音磁帶更豐富(video is richer than audio tape);

◆10-6-3:有教師認為視頻並不如音頻更有用(some teacher think video is less useful than audio);

◆10-6-4:學生易將觀看視頻當做看電視(students treat video as watching television);

◆10-6-5:特別技巧(special techniques);

【1】→播放視頻時關閉聲音,預測對話內容並核對(playing the tape without sound;predict the conversation and check);

【2】→播放視頻時遮擋畫面,預測並核對(playing the tape but covering the picture,predict and check);

【3】→暫停畫面,預測(freezing the picture,predict);

【4】→將學生分成兩組,一組面對畫面,一組背對畫面並描述(dividing the class in half;half face the screen,the other half with backs to it and describe);

【會心之處】:對於課堂上使用視頻的問題,從來沒有深入思考過,讀完這一節,才認識到視頻作為聽力資料的天然不足之處,同時也學習到了一些視頻使用過程的技巧和特殊的課程設計。


■10-7:更多的聽力建議(more listening suggestions);

◆10-7-1:將學生分成三組,分別聽一段不同的錄音,通過比較所做的筆記,學生們需要找出真相。稱之為“拼圖聽力”。(中級/高級)

【原文】→In three groups,students listen to three different tapes. By comparing notes,they have to work out the truth. This is called‘jigsaw listening’.(intermediate/advanced)

◆10-7-2:學生聽一段電話錄音,在紙上記下所聽內容。(初級)

【原文】→students listen to a phone message being given. They have to record the message on a message pad.(elementary)

◆10-7-3:學生聽音效,使用音效構建一個實際發生的故事。(初級)

【原文】→students hear sound effects. They use them to construct a story of what actually happened.(elementary)

◆10-7-4:學生聽一段敘事,在示意圖上繪製人物的動作。(初級)

【原文】→students listen to a narrative and have to plot the characters’movements on a map.(elementary)

◆10-7-5:學生聽一段新聞播報,並和新聞報道進行對比,找出區別。(中上級/高級)

【原文】→students listen to a news broadcast and compare it with a newspaper report. What are the differences.(upper intermediate/advanced)

◆10-7-6:學生聽三個不同的人朗讀三首詩,為每首詩選擇一種情緒或顏色,並說出他們最喜歡的詩。(中級/高級)

【原文】→students listen to three poems being read by three different people. They have to choose a mood/color for each and say which they like best.(intermediate/advanced)

◆10-7-7:學生聽人們描述他們的職業,並判斷這些人的外貌特點及職業。(中級/中上級)

【原文】→students listen to people describing their occupations. They have to decide what the people look like and what the occupations are.(intermediate/upper intermediate)

◆10-7-18:學生聽故事,將圖片按照正確順序排序並和故事進行匹配。(初級/中級)

【原文】→students listen to story. They have to put some pictures in the correct order to match the story.(elementary/intermediate)

◆10-7-9:學生聽一段關於電影,場次及價格的錄音,並決定他們何時看哪一場電影。(初級/中級)

【原文】→students listen to a recorded message of films,times and prices etc.,and decide which film they are going to see when.(elementary/intermediate)

【會心之處】:聽力教學的組織,一定要考慮學生的語言水平,同時活動和任務的設計要巧妙而主題寬泛,讓學生有機會接觸更多口語特徵的材料。


讀書筆記圖片

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10

轉發紅星老師的優秀專欄 經典閱讀-How to teach English 10


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