3. Will/would
(1)用於第二人稱疑問句中,表示請求、建議。Would或won't的語氣較will更委婉,不表時態。如:
----Will/Would you lend me your pen?
你願意把筆借給我嗎?
----Certainly I will.
當然願意。(would you提問,表示接受請求只能用will,不可用would)
Won’t you come in?
請進來好嗎?(won't you...更能顯示出邀請的誠意)
(2)表示意願(Willingness)、意圖(Intention)、決心(Determination)、承諾(Promise)等,可用於各種人稱。如:
I will (=promise to) do my best.
我一定盡力而為。
We will never (=are determined not to) do it again.
我們永遠不會再做此事了。
I’ll be glad if you will (=are willing to) come.
如果你願意來,我將會很高興。(此處will非將來時,而是表意願)
Which will you (=are you willing to) take?
你要哪一個?
I told peter that I would (=was willing to) go along with him.
我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
(3)will表示沒有固定時間的習慣性動作或某種傾向,過去時用would,相當於used to。如:
Boys will be boys.
男生就是男生。
Tom will talk for hours if you give him the chance.
湯姆有機會的話,就會講上幾個小時。
She would (=used to) listen to music when she was in low spirits.
她情緒低落的時候就聽音樂。
4. Shall
(1)shall用於第一、三人稱疑問句中,表示徵求對方的意見或對方請示。如:
The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?
房間很髒。我們清掃一下吧?
(2)shall用於第二、三人稱的肯定句,表示命令、警告、威脅、強制、允諾等。如:
You shall do it, whether you want to or not.
不管你願不願意,你必須做這項工作。(命令)
Tell him that he shall have the book as soon as I finish it.
告訴他這本書我一看完就給他。(允諾)
You shall pay for it.
你一定會受到懲罰的。(威脅)
5. Should
(1)should表示勸告、建議時,可譯為“應該”,與ought to通用;但表示道義上的責任、義務時只能用ought to。如:
We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.
我們應該瞭解計算機並加以充分利用。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
你是他父親,你應當照顧他。
(2)should表推測、可能時,往往有一定的根據,含有“按道理應該”之意。如:
They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours.
他們現在應該在家了,因為已經離開兩個小時了。
(3)should有時表示說話人的感情,如驚奇、憤怒、失望等。如:
Why should I go?
我幹嘛要去?(表不滿)
I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.
她竟然對你說這種話,真讓我吃驚。(表驚奇)
I am sorry that she should be so stubborn.
我很遺憾,她竟然這樣固執。(表失望)
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