03.05 英語語法之情態助動詞(二)

3. Will/would

(1)用於第二人稱疑問句中,表示請求、建議。Would或won't的語氣較will更委婉,不表時態。如:

----Will/Would you lend me your pen?

你願意把筆借給我嗎?

----Certainly I will.

當然願意。(would you提問,表示接受請求只能用will,不可用would)

Won’t you come in?

請進來好嗎?(won't you...更能顯示出邀請的誠意)

(2)表示意願(Willingness)、意圖(Intention)、決心(Determination)、承諾(Promise)等,可用於各種人稱。如:

I will (=promise to) do my best.

我一定盡力而為。

We will never (=are determined not to) do it again.

我們永遠不會再做此事了。

I’ll be glad if you will (=are willing to) come.

如果你願意來,我將會很高興。(此處will非將來時,而是表意願)

Which will you (=are you willing to) take?

你要哪一個?

I told peter that I would (=was willing to) go along with him.

我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。

(3)will表示沒有固定時間的習慣性動作或某種傾向,過去時用would,相當於used to。如:

Boys will be boys.

男生就是男生。

Tom will talk for hours if you give him the chance.

湯姆有機會的話,就會講上幾個小時。

She would (=used to) listen to music when she was in low spirits.

她情緒低落的時候就聽音樂。

4. Shall

(1)shall用於第一、三人稱疑問句中,表示徵求對方的意見或對方請示。如:

The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?

房間很髒。我們清掃一下吧?

(2)shall用於第二、三人稱的肯定句,表示命令、警告、威脅、強制、允諾等。如:

You shall do it, whether you want to or not.

不管你願不願意,你必須做這項工作。(命令)

Tell him that he shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

告訴他這本書我一看完就給他。(允諾)

You shall pay for it.

你一定會受到懲罰的。(威脅)

5. Should

(1)should表示勸告、建議時,可譯為“應該”,與ought to通用;但表示道義上的責任、義務時只能用ought to。如:

We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.

我們應該瞭解計算機並加以充分利用。

You are his father. You ought to take care of him.

你是他父親,你應當照顧他。

(2)should表推測、可能時,往往有一定的根據,含有“按道理應該”之意。如:

They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours.

他們現在應該在家了,因為已經離開兩個小時了。

(3)should有時表示說話人的感情,如驚奇、憤怒、失望等。如:

Why should I go?

我幹嘛要去?(表不滿)

I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.

她竟然對你說這種話,真讓我吃驚。(表驚奇)

I am sorry that she should be so stubborn.

我很遺憾,她竟然這樣固執。(表失望)



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