英語高考試卷中，閱讀理解佔到了全卷分數的半壁江山。把閱讀做好了，在考試時就會得心應手。閱讀文章除了要有紮實的詞彙基本功外，閱讀長難句的能力也是至關重要的。就像2019年高考英語的全國一卷D篇，毫不誇張地說，全是長難句，大大增加理解難度，成為我們獲得高分的“攔路虎”。
在英語試卷閱讀理解C、D篇中，長難句是必然會出現的，而對長難句的理解會直接影響我們的閱讀成績。那麼，一定的長難句分析訓練是必須的，具體該怎麼做呢？奇速君老師分享一些示例來幫助大家學會分析長難句！
一、什麼是長難句？
二、長難句破解策略
三、高考真題為例
示例：
四、長難句練習分析彙總
全國一二三卷長難句練習
答題要求：1. 畫出句子主幹
2. 找出關聯詞，判斷從句類型
3. 弄清主句和從句的附屬成分
4. 翻譯句子
全國一卷
A
1. Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
B
3. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
4. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
5. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
C
6. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
7. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
8. The keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
9. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
閱讀七選五
10. If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
完形
11. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
語法填空
12. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
全國二卷
A
13. There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
14. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
B
15. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
16. I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
17. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
18. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
19. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
C
20. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
D
21. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
七選五
22. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
全國三卷
A
23. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
B
24. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
25. … not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
C
26. The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
D
27. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
28. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
七選五
29. While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
30. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________
參考解析
全國1卷
A
1. 句意為：一年到頭都可以上政府網頁瞭解項目和有用的線上工具，這些工具能夠幫助30歲以下的人增強技能，找到工作或者創業。
2. 句意為：通過暑期工項目，學生每年能夠得到各種各樣的暑期工作，工作地點包括省公共服務機構，及與之相關的機構和社區組織。
B
3. 句意為：他有著明亮的黑眼睛，看起來像是那種喜歡在公眾場合演講的孩子。
4. 句意為：Whaley回想起年初的時候，當要Chris朗讀時，他就會請求去一趟衛生間。when called upon to read句中省略了he was。
5. 句意為：Whaley解釋道，“對於任何一個學生來說，尤其是英語作為新語言學習的學生，自信地說出‘我不知道，但我想知道’需要付出很多。”
C
6. 句意為：這種智能鍵盤精確地測量人打字的節奏和按壓每個鍵的力度。本句包含一個由which引導的定語從句修飾the cadence。
7. 句意為：通過分析一些數據，例如使用者的打字力度和按鍵時間，(這種) 鍵盤可以提供一層強有力的安全措施。
8. 句意為：(這種) 鍵盤能確定人的身份，然後確定是否可以讓他們訪問已連接的電腦，不管這個人是否輸入了正確的密碼。the computer it’s connected to是省略了關係代詞的定語從句。
9. 句意為：根據參與者如何打字，從這臺裝置上收集來的數據可以用來辨認他們，錯誤率極低。collected from the device作定語修飾data，based on how they typed作方式狀語修飾recognize，with very low error rates作伴隨狀語修飾recognize。
閱讀七選五
10. 句意為：如果你呼吸的空氣是乾淨的——倘若你遠離城市的煙霧，空氣應該是乾淨的——那麼空氣裡滿是讓人充滿活力與生命力的氧氣。本句為if 引導的條件狀語從句，其中which it would be 是對前面進行解釋說明，指代 “the air you’re are breathing is clean”整句話。
完形
11. 句意為：乞力馬扎羅山是該得到一個人滿為患，安靜被破壞的這樣的名聲嗎?a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with … 為with複合結構作mountain的後置定語，在這個結構中，tourists和ruin之間為主動的關係，因此用了ruining。
語法填空
12. 句意為：對此，科學家們的回應是，飢餓的北極熊可能聚集在人類居住地附近，導致人們產生一種錯覺，認為它們的數量比實際數量要多。本句中有兩個that引導的從句，第一個that引導賓語從句，作noting的賓語;第二個that引導同位語從句，解釋說明先行詞the illusion。
全國二卷
A
13. 句意為：過去雖然其他人都喜歡恐怖小說，但是我有點不太喜歡。不過，這本恐怖小說倒是很出色。句中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞me;when引導讓步狀語從句，相當於although。
14. 句意為：它的情節撲朔迷離，當你意識到發生了什麼時，沮喪就會成為一種可怕的享受。句中 when 引導的時間狀語從句前置於主句的表語之前，正常語序為：the frustration is horribly enjoyable when you realise what’s going on.
B
15. 句意為：我說起一位負責該活動的單親家長，他有四個孩子;也談到一位爸爸，即便他兒子沒在那個球隊，也給該球隊執教。running the show作後置定語，修飾parent;coaching a team作後置定語，修飾dad;that引導定語從句，修飾team。
16. 句意為：我暗自欣慰，因為我知道眾多人分擔志願者的工作會有真正的影響力。
17. 句意為：在欣慰的同時，也深刻理解了為什麼同一撥人會不斷回來參與更多的活動：當你自願地提供時間、金錢、技能或服務時，參與社區活動會給予真正的快樂。why引導賓語從句，作of的賓語;Connecting to the community作主語，provides a real joy作謂語，as引導時間狀語從句。
18. 句意為：從那個角度說，我很確信志願服務是一種自私的行為，但我不願承認這一點。
19. 句意為：然而，如果其他人在這個過程中受益，我也得到了一些回報，我的動機是什麼重要嗎?if引導狀語從句，主句為does it really matter where my motivation lies。it是形式主語，指代where my motivation lies。
C
20. 句意為：有74%的人只在晚餐時間才一起吃飯。only+狀語放在句首，強調時間狀語，其後習慣上用部分倒裝。正確語序是We are eating together only at dinnertime anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
D
21. 句意為：它(美國國家航空航天局)在依靠NASA HUNCH 高中班，如在紐約費爾波特的費爾波特高中由理科老師吉恩戈登和唐娜·希梅爾伯格率領的NASA HUNCH 高中班。science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York是省略了關係代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞the one, one指代NASA HUNCH high school class，關係代詞that在定語從句中做lead的賓語。
七選五
22. 句意為：設定現實目標的另一種方法是，牢記你的信仰、價值觀和優勢的同時分析你的短期和長期目標。keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths是現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。
全國三卷
A
23. 句意為：林•曼努爾•米蘭達寫了這部關於亞歷山大•漢密爾頓的音樂劇，該劇通過一個移民故事展現了美國的誕生。in which 是非限制性定語從句，修飾this musical。
B
24. 句意為：中國模特是美麗和時尚運動的代表，她們向全世界的女性推銷夢想，這意味著中國女性不僅僅是時尚的消費者，她們也是時尚運動的核心。which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的句子。
25. 不僅是西方頂級的設計師正被中國影響著——一些當代最好的設計師自己就是中國人。not only置於句首，連接兩個並列分句時，not only所在的句子要用部分倒裝語序。
C
26. 句意為：當時的趨勢是“便士報” ——一個術語，指廣泛向公眾提供的報紙。破折號後的部分對“penny paper”進行解釋說明。referring to … 作後置定語修飾a term，其中made widely … 作papers的後置定語。
D
27. 句意為：在進行了數百次試驗後，研究人員注意到，猴子超過一半的時間都會選擇觸摸更高的值，這表明它們在進行計算，而不是僅僅記住每個組合的值。本句主幹為the researchers noted that …, that引導賓語從句，indicating that …為現在分詞作狀語，其中that引導賓語從句。
28. 句意為：當研究小組更仔細地測試實驗結果時，他們注意到，兩個數字的總和與單個的數字相比，當兩者的值相近時，猴子們往往會低估兩個數字之和——例如，有時會選擇13而不是8和6的和。本句主幹為When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that …，這是一個由when引導的時間狀語從句，主句中包含一個that引導的賓語從句，該賓語從句中還包含一個由when引導的時間狀語從句。compared with為過去分詞短語作狀語，破折號後面的內容為現在分詞短語作狀語。
七選五
29. 句意為：雖然每一項我只列出了兩種，但顯然還會有許多其他情況出現。此句為while引出的讓步狀語從句，在主句中又包含了一個that引導的定語從句, that指代的是many other situations.
30. 句意為： 在詢問有關課程設計的問題前，要閱讀教學大綱以及學習管理體系，以確保問題的答案不是顯而易見的。本句是一個祈使句，asking …是分詞短語作狀語，to be sure…是不定式短語作目的狀語。
五、經典長難句彙總
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