今天先講兩個中文意思易混淆的詞：
abbreviation和acronym
abbreviation
是縮寫詞，也就是一個單詞的縮寫形式
比如：
Dr是Doctor的書面縮寫形式。
‘Dr’ is the written abbreviation of ‘Doctor’.
The postal abbreviation of Kansas is KS.
堪薩斯州的郵政縮寫是KS。
acronym
是首字母縮略詞，也就是由幾個單詞的首字母組成
比如：
近來經常提起的非典SARS是Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome的縮略詞，意思是“重症急性呼吸綜合徵”。
SARS is an acronym for ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome’.
NATO（北約）是North Atlantic Treaty Organization（北大西洋公約組織）的首字母縮略詞。
NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
艾滋病AIDS是 ‘acquired immune deficiency syndrome’的首字母縮略詞，全稱意思是“獲得性免疫缺陷綜合徵”。
類似的，HIV, IBM等都是acronyms。
繼續上期文章：
爐邊談話讓羅斯福在選民中很受歡迎，掌管美國長達12年，直至1945年去世——今天美國股東最多隻能接受一個人擔任CEO六年，英國是四年。雖然在經濟政策上羅斯福靈活變通，但他對法西斯和共產主義等意識形態卻不以為然，矢志不渝地堅守美國管理模式的核心原則。許多企業高管都應該向羅斯福學習，堅信自己的判斷，並且能夠將這種自信傳遞出去（值得注意的是，這份自信通常都是有理有據的，而不是盲目自信）。
That made him popular enough with voters to remain at the helm for 12 years, until his death in 1945—twice as long as shareholders in America tolerate a typical chief executive today, and three times as long as they do in Britain. Although he was flexible on economic policy, he was unimpressed by ideologies such as fascism and communism, and remained true to the core principles of the American enterprise. Many executives would do well to emulate Roosevelt’s confidence in his own judgment and his ability to convey it (it helped that this confidence seldom proved unjustified).
01. helm
At the helm
有steering a boat or ship（掌舵）的意思，
聯想一下，自然也有in charge of sth（掌權、領導、管理）的意思
Eg. We have a new prime minister at the helm.
我們有新首相執政。
Take the helm 開始掌管/掌舵
02. unimpressed
If you are unimpressed by something or someone, you do not think they are very good, clever, or useful.
無深刻印象的; 不以為然的；不感興趣的
搭配：be unimpressed by/with …
董事會成員對這個計劃沒有興趣。
Board members were unimpressed with the plan.
He was also very unimpressed by his teachers.
他對他的老師也很不以為然。
Eric was unimpressed with the idea of filling in a lengthy questionnaire.
Eric對填寫冗長的調查問卷沒什麼興趣。
03. Be true (to sb/sth)
showing respect and support for a particular person or belief in a way that does not change, even in different situations
忠誠的; 忠心耿耿的; 忠實的
Eg.
a true friend
忠實的/真正的朋友
She has always been true to herself(= done what she thought was good, right, etc.) .
她一貫堅持按自己的信念辦事。
He was true to his word (= did what he promised to do) .
他信守諾言。
Stay true to who you are. 做自己
04. Do well to do sth
to be sensible or wise to do sth
明智的，聰明的
他最好還是把更多精力集中在工作上
He would do well to concentrate more on his work.
你在價錢高的時候出售，真明智。
You did well to sell when the price was high.
05.
twice as long as shareholders in America tolerate a typical chief executive today, and three times as long as they do in Britain.
這句話可能有點難翻，可以轉換思維，根據漢語習慣表達出來。
這裡的do是代替前面的動詞tolerate，為避免重複。
06. unjustified=unwarranted
there is no good reason for having it or doing it/not reasonable, not appropriate
不公正，不必要，不合理的，無法解釋的；無端的
Eg.
這樣的批評完全是不公平的。
The criticism was wholly unjustified.
unjustified price increases
無端的漲價
這份報告是基於毫無根據且完全無端的指控。
The report is based upon wholly unfounded and totally unjustified allegations.
委員會判定警方行為不當。
The commission concluded that the police action was unjustified.
這種批評基本上是毫無道理的。
Much of the criticism was totally unwarranted.
無端干預該國內政
an unwarranted interference in the country’s internal affairs
他指控警方無端施暴。
He accused the police of using unwarranted brutality.
在石黑一雄（Kazuo Ishiguro）所著的《長日將盡》（或譯《長日留痕》）（The Remains of the Day）中，有這樣一段：
I gave thirty-five years’ service to Lord Darlington; one would surely not be unjustified in claiming that during those years, one was, in the truest terms, ‘attached to a distinguished household’. In looking back over my career thus far, my chief satisfaction derives from what I achieved during those years, and I am today nothing but proud and grateful to have been given such a privilege.
可以試著看這裡的unjustified怎麼理解合適
往期回顧：
- 經濟學人｜俾斯麥、丘吉爾和羅斯福
- 經濟學人｜俾斯麥、丘吉爾和羅斯福（二）
- 經濟學人｜俾斯麥、丘吉爾和羅斯福（三）
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