一、外刊閱讀：小貓釣魚
Prevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemics
A.relevant B.transmit C.schedules D.simplified
E.occurrence F.advances G.stimulating H.features
I.preferable J.imposing K.efficient
It's an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.
Under normal circumstances, the most effective way to prevent illness is to vaccinate according to national immunisation (31) ______. Widespread immunisation programmes in Europe have made previously deadly diseases such as smallpox(天花) and polio(小兒麻痺症) a thing of the past.
This study looked specifically at epidemic outbreaks. They found that in such cases targeting carefully selected individuals with vaccination can be successful in containing the outbreak, even with only a relatively small number of individuals getting the (32) ______ shot.
The scientists ran physics-based simulations on networks which sought to replicate the way individuals interact with one another in the real world, such as through the global air transportation network. The simulations are (33) _______ versions of computational frameworks commonly used to investigate the global spread of real-world epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Nevertheless, they help understanding basic (34) ______ of the more complicated and realistic models.
In the simulations, individuals correspond to 'nodes' that can (35) ______ an infection through the links between them. The scientists found that quarantining nodes after the outbreak of an epidemic very quickly becomes ineffective. Quite early on in a simulated outbreak, even the 'do nothing' (non-intervention) strategy becomes (36) ______ to quarantine.
Targeted vaccination was found to be the best option in nearly all epidemic cases. The scientists used a vaccination strategy based on 'optimal percolation', which consists of finding the least set of nodes that, when removed from a network, can fragment it into small clusters. The idea behind this approach is that fragmenting the network ensures infections are contained within small groups, hence preventing the (37) ______ of large outbreaks.
This might all seem like common sense, but preventive vaccination is not common practice for all illnesses and for some, vaccines do not yet exist. The norovirus outbreak at this year's Winter Olympic Games is an example where quarantine has been used as the option available to health officials. Medical professionals have attempted to initially contain the outbreak by (38) ______ quarantine on the hundreds of staff who were unlucky enough to catch the virus. Despite these measures, the illness is continuing to spread and has started to affect some of the athletes.
In recent years, physicists have made significant (39) ______ in the field of network immunisation, developing increasingly (40) ______ techniques to immunise a network by the 'removal' (vaccination) of a few nodes. This knowledge can help to support health policy as policymakers look to ensure increased global security against epidemics.（434）
二、參考答案：
三、原文鏈接：
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180223132004.htm
四、核心詞彙：
relevant transmit schedules simplified occurrence advances stimulating features preferable imposing efficient quarantine vaccinate
specifically selected simulations sought replicate correspond fragmenting
（一）拓展變形
advance
advanced
advancement
advances
advancing
correspond
corresponded
correspondence
correspondences
corresponding
correspondingly
corresponds
efficient
efficiencies
efficiency
efficiently
inefficiencies
inefficiency
inefficient
inefficiently
feature
featured
featureless
features
featuring
fragment
fragmentary
fragmentation
fragmented
fragmenting
fragments
impose
imposed
imposer
imposers
imposes
imposing
imposingly
imposition
impositions
occur
occurred
occurrence
occurrences
occurring
occurs
reoccur
reoccurred
reoccurring
reoccurs
prefer
preferable
preferably
preference
preferences
preferential
preferentially
preferment
preferments
preferred
preferring
prefers
unpreferred
quarantine
quarantined
quarantines
quarantining
relevant
irrelevancies
irrelevancy
irrelevant
relevancy
relevantly
replicate
replicated
replicates
replicating
replication
replications
schedule
nonscheduled
reschedule
rescheduled
reschedules
rescheduling
scheduled
schedules
scheduling
unscheduled
seek
seeker
seekers
seeking
seeks
sought
unsought
select
reselection
selectable
selected
selecting
selection
selections
selective
selectively
selectivities
selectivity
selector
selectors
selects
unselected
simple
simpleness
simpler
simplest
simplification
simplifications
simplified
simplifies
simplify
simplifying
simply
unsimplified
simulate
simulated
simulates
simulating
simulation
simulations
simulator
simulators
specific
nonspecific
specifically
specification
specifications
specificities
specificity
specifics
unspecific
stimulate
stimulated
stimulates
stimulating
stimulation
stimulations
stimulatory
transmit
transmissible
transmission
transmissions
transmits
transmittal
transmitted
transmitter
transmitters
transmitting
vaccinate
vaccinated
vaccinates
vaccinating
vaccination
vaccinations
五、重點講解1：
quarantine
英 [ˈkwɒrəntiːn]
美 [ˈkwɔːrəntiːn]
n. a period of time when an animal or a person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in order to prevent the disease from spreading
（為防傳染的）隔離期；檢疫
v.to put an animal or a person into quarantine
(對動物或人)進行檢疫，隔離
例句
The quarantine of coronavirus is being carried.
冠狀病毒的隔離正在進行中。
2詞根詞綴
quarant= forty 四十
Quarantine n. 隔離檢查
quarant 四十 + ine 抽象名詞 → 被隔離數〔四十〕天 → 隔離檢查
重點講解2：
(1)fragment
[ˈfræɡmənt , fræɡˈment]
n.[ˈfræɡmənt ]
a small part of sth that has broken off or comes from sth larger
碎片；片段
v. [fræɡˈment]
to break or make sth break into small pieces or parts
（使）碎裂，破裂，分裂
It enables a specific gene to be located on a particular restriction enzyme fragment.
它就能使專一的基因被定位於特定的限制性內切酶切成的片段上。
(2)同義辨析
part / fragment / portion / section (部分)
part n. 部分
最普通用詞，指物體、地區、事件、時間等的一部分或特徵之一。
In parts of that country, people can speak at least two languages.
在該國的部分地區，人們至少會說兩種語言。
fragment n. 碎片，片段
指從較大物體上斷裂或脫落的小塊碎片，或談話、新聞等的片段。
I heard a fragment of their conversation.
我聽到了他們談話的片段。
portion n. 一部分
尤指某事物中可與其他部分區分開來的部分。
Only a small portion of the budget was spent on food.
食物的花費只佔預算的一小部分。
section n. 部分
指物體、地方等劃分出的部分，也可指結構、傢俱等整體中的部分。
Passengers are allowed to smoke only in the smoking section.
乘客只能在吸菸區吸菸。
（3）辨析 Isolation / Quarantine
Isolation and quarantine help protect the public by preventing exposure to people who have or may have a contagious disease.
· Isolation separates sick people with a contagious disease from people who are not sick.
· Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.
U.S. Quarantine Stations, located at ports of entry and land border crossings, use these public health practices as part of a comprehensive Quarantine System that serves to limit the introduction of infectious diseases into the United States and to prevent their spread.
What is the difference between isolation and quarantine?
Isolation and quarantine are public health practices used to stop or limit the spread of disease.
Isolation is used to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy. Isolation restricts the movement of ill persons to help stop the spread of certain diseases. For example, hospitals use isolation for patients with infectious tuberculosis.
Quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of well persons who may have been exposed to a communicable disease to see if they become ill. These people may have been exposed to a disease and do not know it, or they may have the disease but do not show symptoms. Quarantine can also help limit the spread of communicable disease.
六、原文翻譯
Prevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemics
預防勝於治療：有針對性地接種疫苗以阻止流行病
It's an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.
這幾乎總是比什麼都不做或試圖通過隔離控制疫情更有效的選擇。
......
In recent years, physicists have made significant advances in the field of network immunisation, developing increasingly efficient techniques to immunise a network by the 'removal' (vaccination) of a few nodes. This knowledge can help to support health policy as policymakers look to ensure increased global security against epidemics.
近年來，物理學家在網絡免疫領域取得了重大進展，通過對少數節點的“移除”（疫苗接種）來開發越來越有效的網絡免疫技術。這些知識有助於支持衛生政策，因為決策者希望確保增強全球預防流行病的安全。
七、拓展閱讀
History of Quarantine
The Middle Ages
The practice of quarantine, as we know it, began during the 14th century in an effort to protect coastal cities from plague epidemics. Ships arriving in Venice from infected ports were required to sit at anchor for 40 days before landing. This practice, called quarantine, was derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni which mean 40 days.
......
By 1995, all U.S. ports of entry were covered by only seven quarantine stations. A station was added in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia, just before the city hosted the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic of 2003, CDC reorganized the quarantine station system, expanding to 18 stations with more than 90 field employees.
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