句子按說話目的可分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
陳述句
考點：陳述句的肯定結構和否定結構。
在肯定結構中，謂語動詞不含否定詞；否定結構是在系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後加not，除了not外，其他否定詞，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以構成否定句。
【考例鏈接】按要求完成下列各題
1. Tom does morning exercise every day. (改為否定句)
Tom _______ _______ morning exercise every day.
2. John went to church with his brother last Sunday morning. (改為否定句)
John _______ _______ to church with his brother last Sunday morning.
3. Both you and he have received an invitation to the English party. (改為否定句)
_______ you _______ he has received an invitation to the English party.
4. The boys can play chess in the afternoon. (改為否定句)
The boys _______ _______ chess in the afternoon.
疑問句
疑問句用來提出問題。英語中有四種疑問句：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和附加疑問句。《義務教育英語課程標準》要求同學們掌握前三種。
考點一：一般疑問句。
一般疑問句通常將系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞放到主語前構成。一般疑問句用Yes 或No 來回答，其回答常用簡略答語。
【考例鏈接】按要求完成下列各題
1. The newly-opened supermarket had something on sale last Sunday. (改為一般疑問句)
______ the newly-opened supermarket ______ anything on sale last Sunday?
2. People will use robots more and more in the future life. (改為一般疑問句)
______ people ______ robots more and more in the future life?
3. it, outside, hot, is (連詞成句)
__________________________________________?
考點二：特殊疑問句。
1. 以疑問詞開始，以尋求信息為目的的句子叫特殊疑問句。回答特殊疑問句時，不能用Yes或No，而要根據實際情況回答。
2. 常用的疑問詞有：疑問代詞what, which, who, whose, whom；疑問副詞when, where, why, how；疑問詞組how soon, how long, how far, how often, how old, how many, how much, what class, what time, what color等。
3. 特殊疑問句的結構：“疑問詞(不作主語)+一般疑問句語序？”。
【考例鏈接】按要求完成下列各題
1. Susan has been a volunteer for protecting animals for three years. (對劃線部分提問)
_______ _______ has Susan been a volunteer for protecting animals?
2. We will travel to the Great Wall after the exam. (對劃線部分提問)
______ ______ you travel after the exam?
3. 這個暑假你打算做什麼? (完成譯句)
___________________________________________
4. 在我們學校，哪位體育老師足球踢得最好？ (完成譯句)
___________________________________________
考點三：選擇疑問句。
選擇疑問句提供兩種或兩種以上情況，用or連接。回答時不能用Yes或No，而要根據選擇的情況進行回答。
【考例鏈接】單項選擇
( )1. —Is the mobile phone new or old?
—______. I bought it only two days ago.
A. It's old B. It's new C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't
( )2. —Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?
—______.
A. Yes, he went there by subway B. No, he went there by bus
C. He went there by taxi D. He went there to see animals
( )3. —Which do you prefer, traditional Western music ______ pop music?
—Pop music.
A. but B. as C. or D. from
祈使句
考點一：肯定式
祈使句的肯定是以動詞原形開頭，祈使句的主語一般都是第二人稱you，但往往省略。有時為了強調對方時，可以寫出主語you或人名。為了使語氣變得委婉、客氣，可在句首或句末加上please。
考點二：否定式
在動詞原形前加don't構成否定的祈使句。
考點三：祈使句+and / or+分句
在句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中，祈使句相當於條件狀語從句。
【考例鏈接】
Ⅰ. 單項選擇
( )1. Boys and girls, ______ learning and have fun.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
( )2. —Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ______ going for two more blocks and you'll see it.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各題
1. on time, to, remember, arrive (連詞成句)
___________________________________________.
2. 明天別忘了帶上你的外套。 (完成譯句)
___________________________________________
3. 不要和你的老師頂嘴。 (完成譯句)
___________________________________________.
4. 仔細記筆記，這對你的學習有幫助。 (補全句子)
___________________________________________, and it is helpful for your study.
感嘆句
感嘆句表示喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈的感情，一般由what或how引導，句末常用感嘆號。
考點一：what引導的感嘆句。
what修飾名詞，它引導的感嘆句有三種句型：
1. What + a / an +形容詞+單數可數名詞 (+主語+其他)！
2. What +形容詞+複數可數名詞(+主語+其他)！
3. What +形容詞+不可數名詞(+主語+其他)！
考點二：how引導的感嘆句。
how修飾形容詞或副詞，它引導的感嘆句的句型為：How +形容詞/副詞(+主語+其他)!
【考例鏈接】
Ⅰ. 單項選擇
( )1. —Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love.
—______ excellent actor he is!
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
( )2. ______ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
A. What B. How C. How an D. What an
( )3. —______ delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!
—I'm glad that you enjoyed it.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
( )4. —Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?
—Yes. ______ brave young man he is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
Ⅱ. 按要求完成下列各題
1. 多優美的音樂啊！ (完成譯句)
__________________________________________!
2. 多麼好的主意啊！ (完成譯句)
__________________________________________!
3. 那位老師給的建議是多麼有價值啊！ (完成譯句)
__________________________________________!
4. 多麼糟糕的天氣！ (補全句子)
_______ ________ weather it is!
5. 鄉村的空氣是多麼新鮮啊! (補全句子)
_______ ________ the air in the countryside is!
審稿 | 李棟
校稿 | 呂放
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