JIA "麥類研究"文章精選

本期精選JIA 2019年出版的"麥類研究"相關文章,所有文章在ScienceDirect平臺開放獲取,點擊文章題目可查看全文。

JIA

遺傳·育種·種質·資源

Genetic mapping and expressivity of a wheat multi-pistil gene in mutant 12TP

小麥突變體12TP中多雌蕊基因的遺傳作圖和表現度

✺ ZHU Xin-xin, NI Yong-jing, HE Rui-shi, JIANG Yu-mei, LI Qiao-yun, NIU Ji-shan

2012年從一個F2育種群體中獲得了1個小麥(Triticum aestivumL.)多雌蕊突變體,命名為12TP(three pistils in one floret)。遺傳分析表明1個顯性基因位點控制該多雌蕊性狀。利用多個源自原始突變體12TP植株的純合正常株系和純合多雌蕊株系(近等基因系),通過SSR標記將12TP基因定位在了染色體臂2DL上。有4個SSR標記與12TP基因連鎖,順序為Xcfd233-Xcfd62-12TP-Xwmc41-Xcfd168,它們之間的遺傳距離分別為15.85、10.47、2.89和10.37 cM。在7個純合的12TP株系中‘三雌蕊’性狀的平均遺傳表現度超過98%;但在F1代雜合的植株中平均遺傳表現度約為49%。為此,12TP

是一個半顯性基因位點,不同於所有以往報告的多雌蕊突變體。突變體12TP是一個新的有用種質,可用於小麥花器官發育研究和高產小麥育種。

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ZHU Xin-xin, NI Yong-jing, HE Rui-shi, JIANG Yu-mei, LI Qiao-yun, NIU Ji-shan. 2019. Genetic mapping and expressivity of a wheat multi-pistil gene in mutant 12TP. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(3): 532–53.

Characterization of TaCOMTgenes associated with stem lignin content in common wheat and development of a gene-specific marker

普通小麥莖稈木質素含量相關基因TaCOMT的克隆及基因特異標記開發

✺ FU Lu-ping, XIAO Yong-gui, YAN Jun, LIU Jin-dong, WEN Wei-e, ZHANG Yong, XIA Xian-chun, HE Zhong-hu

莖稈木質素含量對小麥抗倒性有重要影響,咖啡酸3-O-甲基轉移酶(Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase,COMT)是木質素生物合成途徑的關鍵酶。克隆解析TaCOMT並開發基因特異標記對小麥分子育種具有重要意義。本研究同源克隆了分別位於小麥3A、3B和3D染色體上的TaCOMT全長基因組DNA序列,並挖掘到TaCOMT-3B

位點的兩種等位變異:TaCOMT-3BaTaCOMT-3Bb。根據其位於3'-非編碼區(3'-untranslated region,3'-UTR)一段222 bp的插入/缺失(insertion/deletion,InDel)變異開發了共顯性基因特異標記,命名為TaCOMT-3BM。採用157份小麥品種(系)進行兩年兩點試驗,測定木質素含量並驗證標記有效性。結果表明,基因型為TaCOMT-3Ba的材料莖稈木質素含量顯著(P<0.01)高於基因型為TaCOMT-3Bb的材料,標記TaCOMT-3BM可有效用於小麥分子育種。

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FU Lu-ping, XIAO Yong-gui, YAN Jun, LIU Jin-dong, WEN Wei-e, ZHANG Yong, XIA Xian-chun, HE Zhong-hu. 2019. Characterization of TaCOMT genes associated with stem lignin content in common wheat and development of a gene-specific marker. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(5): 939-947.

Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew

ROS參與影響白粉病菌誘導的小麥根部細胞死亡

✺ LI Cheng-yang, ZHANG Nan, GUAN Bin, ZHOU Zhu-qing, MEI Fang-zhu

小麥白粉病菌侵染小麥葉片後,能夠誘導不定根中細胞的死亡。活性氧(ROS)在響應植物的生物脅迫中起關鍵作用。為了研究接種後小麥根中ROS的參與程度和細胞死亡程度,分析了2株對白粉病真菌敏感的(華麥8號)和有抗性(神麥8號)的小麥品種中ROS水平及根系細胞結構。在白粉病菌接種後第18天,只有華麥8號的葉發生病變,但是兩個品種的根中均發生細胞死亡。華麥8號根中有過多的ROS積累,這與根細胞死亡程度的增加有關。但在神麥8號中,幾乎沒有ROS積累,同時根細胞死亡程度較弱。此外,小麥根部清除ROS的基因(

MnSODCAT)表達水平的分子研究表明,小麥葉片接種白粉病菌後這些基因的表達量下調。華麥8號和神麥8號對H2O2和O2-·的亞細胞定位的差異與兩個小麥品種中超氧化物歧化酶和過氧化氫酶編碼基因的不同表達相對應。這些結果表明,ROS參與了白粉病真菌誘導小麥根部細胞死亡的過程。

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LI Cheng-yang, ZHANG Nan, GUAN Bin, ZHOU Zhu-qing, MEI Fang-zhu. 2019. Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(9): 1961-1970.

Application of virus-induced gene silencing for identification of FHB resistant genes

BSMV誘導基因沉默技術在小麥抗赤黴病基因鑑定中的應用

✺ FAN Yan-hui, HOU Bing-qian, SU Pei-sen, WU Hong-yan, WANG Gui-ping, KONG Ling-rang, MA Xin, WANG Hong-wei

病毒誘導的基因沉默(VIGS)技術鑑定基因功能具有實驗週期短,宿主廣泛等優點。本研究探索了利用BSMV-VIGS系統在小麥赤黴病(FHB)抗性研究中的可行性和有效性。在挑旗期將重組BSMV接種旗葉,在穗部成功沉默的最大效率達到78%。在接種BSMV後會引起小麥的FHB抗性降低,為減小BSMV-VIGS系統對小麥FHB抗性評價的影響,鑑定了不同的禾穀鐮刀菌菌株毒力,篩選出SF06-1菌株用於小麥FHB抗性評估。利用BSMV-VIGS系統分別沉默參與茉莉酸信號路徑基因

TaAOC,TaAOSTaOPR3,結果表明三個基因均正向調控FHB抗性。TaAOS-RNAi轉基因小麥的穗部感FHB嚴重,同樣也證明TaAOS參與小麥對FHB的抗性。

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FAN Yan-hui, HOU Bing-qian, SU Pei-sen, WU Hong-yan, WANG Gui-ping, KONG Ling-rang, MA Xin, WANG Hong-wei. 2019. Application of virus-induced gene silencing for identification of FHB resistant genes. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(10): 2183-2192.

TaSAUR78 enhances multiple plant abiotic stress responses by regulating the interacting geneTaVDAC1

TaSAUR78通過與TaVDAC1基因相互作用提高植物多種抗逆能力

✺ GUO Yuan, XU Chang-bing, SUN Xian-jun, HU Zheng, FAN Shou-jin, JIANG Qi-yan, ZHANG Hui

受非生物逆境調控的SAURs (SMALL AUXIN-UP RNAs)在植物中具有多種生物學功能。但其在非生物逆境脅迫中的作用卻還不清楚。本研究中,首先克隆了小麥中一個SARU基因,TaSAUR78。我們發現TaSAUR78與TaVDAC1

(voltage-dependent anion channel)相互作用。高鹽脅迫條件下TaSAUR78下調錶達而TaVDAC1上調錶達。TaSAUR78在擬南芥中過表達提高了轉基因植物對鹽脅迫、旱脅迫及低溫脅迫的耐受能力,並減少了鹽脅迫條件下植物體內ROS的積累。而過表達TaVDAC1提高了植物的耐鹽能力,但降低了植物對乾旱及低溫脅迫的耐受能力,且轉基因植物中ROS積累增加。這些結果表明TaSAUR78可能通過調控TaVDAC1基因表達提高植物抗逆能力。本研究為多種非生物逆境條件下TaSAUR78TaVDAC1的功能研究提供信息,併為這些基因將來應用於作物抗逆育種提供基礎。

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GUO Yuan, XU Chang-bing, SUN Xian-jun, HU Zheng, FAN Shou-jin, JIANG Qi-yan, ZHANG Hui. 2019. TaSAUR78enhances multiple plant abiotic stress responses by regulating the interacting geneTaVDAC1. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(12): 2682-2690.

TaARR1

, a cytokinin response regulator gene inTriticum aestivum, is essential in plant N starvation tolerance via regulating the N acquisition and N assimilation

小麥細胞分裂素響應調節因子基因TaARR1調控植株氮素吸收與同化進而增強植株抵禦低氮脅迫能力

✺ YANG Meng-ya, CHEN Jia-qi, TIAN He-yang, NI Chen-yang, XIAO Kai

氮信號轉導組分通過介導低氮信號傳遞,在植株低氮逆境響應過程中發揮重要作用。本研究對細胞分裂素響應調節基因TaARR1介導植株抵禦低氮逆境的功能進行了鑑定。TaARR1包含植物種屬同源蛋白均具有的2個保守功能域,在胞質翻譯後經內質網分選靶向細胞核內。低氮脅迫下,根葉組織中TaARR1的表達發生明顯改變,表現在27 h低氮脅迫下隨處理進程表達水平不斷增強;此外,將低氮處理27 h植株轉入正常供氮的恢復處理後,根葉中受低氮誘導的TaARR1轉錄本均隨恢復處理進程不斷下調。與野生型對照(WT)相比,超表達TaARR1菸草株系的抵禦低氮逆境能力增強,表現為低氮處理下植株長勢增強,植株幹質量和氮累積量增多,谷氨醯胺合成酶(GS)活性提高。對低氮處理下超表達

TaARR1轉化株系中編碼硝酸鹽轉運蛋白(NRT)和GS基因家族成員的表達模式研究表明,NRT家族基因NtNRT2.2和GS家族基因NtGS3在轉化株系中的表達水平顯著高於上述基因在對照中的表達;其他上述2個家族供試基因在低氮處理轉化株系和對照中的表達無明顯改變。基因轉化分析證實了NtNRT2.2NtGS3在調控植株低氮脅迫下氮素吸收累積、GS活性、植株幹質量和氮效率過程中發揮著重要作用。上述研究結果表明,TaARR1介導植株抵禦低氮逆境能力的增強,與其對特定下游氮素吸收和氮素同化基因的轉錄調控密切相關。本研究發現,TaARR1通過轉錄調節NRT和GS家族基因,改善低氮脅迫下的植株氮素吸收和同化效率,在介導植株抵禦低氮逆境中發揮著重要生物學功能。

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YANG Meng-ya, CHEN Jia-qi, TIAN He-yang, NI Chen-yang, XIAO Kai. 2019. TaARR1, a cytokinin response regulator gene inTriticum aestivum

, is essential in plant N starvation tolerance via regulating the N acquisition and N assimilation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(12): 2691-270.

JIA

生理·生化·耕作·栽培

Optimization of sowing date and seeding rate for high winter wheat yield based on pre-winter plant development and soil water usage in the Loess Plateau, China

以冬前植株生長髮育和土壤水分利用為基礎優化黃土高原冬小麥高產的播期播量

✺ REN Ai-xia, SUN Min, WANG Pei-ru, XUE Ling-zhu, LEI Miao-miao, XUE Jian-fu, GAO Zhi-qiang, YANG Zhen-ping

播期和播量對冬小麥生產至關重要。連續三年設計三個播期(9月20日,SD1;10月1日,SD2;10月10日,SD3)、三個播量(67.5 kg hm-2(SR67.5)、90 kg hm-2(SR90)、112.5 kg hm-2(SR112.5))大田試驗,為確定冬小麥高產的適宜播期和播量。三個生長季播種至冬前積溫季節性變化較大,達到冬前壯苗的適宜播期表現為2012–2013年為SD2,2013–2014年為SD3,2014–2015年為SD1和SD2。年度間夏季降水量的變化影響了土壤水分貯存,從而通過影響冬前至成熟期土壤水分消耗而影響籽粒產量。冬前至孕穗階段較低的土壤水分消耗將保存的土壤水分供給開花至成熟階段利用,導致較高的籽粒產量。2012–2013和2014–2015兩個試驗年度,SD2+SR90冬前至孕穗的土壤水分消耗最低,而2013–2014年度與SR67.5和SR112.5結果相近。而對於開花至成熟階段,三個試驗年度,SD2+SR90土壤水分消耗均達最高。不同降水年份小麥後期最高的水分消耗會導致最高的籽粒產量。穗數是對籽粒產量最大的貢獻,穗粒數和千粒重對產量也有貢獻,尤其土壤水分較多時。說明,播期和播量通過影響不同階段土壤水分消耗而影響籽粒產量。通過選擇適宜的播期(10月1日)和播量(90 kg hm

-2)來獲得高產。在此基礎上,建議播期由目前的9月22或23日推遲至10月1日。

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REN Ai-xia, SUN Min, WANG Pei-ru, XUE Ling-zhu, LEI Miao-miao, XUE Jian-fu, GAO Zhi-qiang, YANG Zhen-ping. 2019. Optimization of sowing date and seeding rate for high winter wheat yield based on pre-winter plant development and soil water usage in the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(1): 33-42.

Alleviation of arsenic toxicity by phosphate is associated with its regulation of detoxification, defense, and transport gene expression in barley

磷緩解大麥砷毒害及其與脫毒、防禦和轉運基因表達的關係

✺ Gerald Zvobgo, Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba, Tichaona Sagonda, James Mutemachani Mapodzeke, Noor Muhammad, Imran Haider Shamsi, ZHANG Guo-ping

土壤砷汙染已嚴重威脅作物安全生產。前期研究顯示,磷與砷在影響作物生長和吸收上具有拮抗作用,但磷緩解砷毒害的機制尚不完全清楚。為此,有必要明確適量施加磷肥是否抑制砷的吸收及其相關機制。本試驗以兩個砷毒耐性不同的大麥基因型為材料,研究了施磷對砷吸收、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物含量以及砷運輸、防禦和脫毒相關基因表達的影響。結果顯示,兩個大麥基因型受到100 μmol L-1 As脅迫時,加磷處理顯著降低植株組織中的砷濃度,並顯著影響過氧化氫酶和超氧歧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽含量以及幾種磷轉運子基因的相對錶達,以上性狀均為對耐性基因型的影響大於敏感基因型,啟示出加磷通過增強耐性基因型的砷轉運、防禦和脫毒相關基因表達而緩解砷的毒害,說明在砷汙染土壤中適量施用磷肥可以控制砷折的吸收與毒害作用。

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Gerald Zvobgo, Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba, Tichaona Sagonda, James Mutemachani Mapodzeke, Noor Muhammad, Imran Haider Shamsi, ZHANG Guo-ping. 2019. Alleviation of arsenic toxicity by phosphate is associated with its regulation of detoxification, defense, and transport gene expression in barley. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2): 381-394.

Leaf chlorophyll content retrieval of wheat by simulated RapidEye, Sentinel-2 and EnMAP data

基於RapidEye、Sentinel-2和EnMap模擬數據的冬小麥葉綠素含量估測研究

✺ CUI Bei, ZHAO Qian-jun, HUANG Wen-jiang, SONG Xiao-yu, YE Hui-chun, ZHOU Xian-feng

作物葉片葉綠素含量是表徵作物營養及健康狀況的重要指標。研究發現紅邊光譜信息與葉綠素含量密切相關,並基於高光譜數據廣泛應用於冠層水平葉綠素含量估測研究,而基於衛星紅邊數據的葉片葉綠素含量反演尚缺乏系統研究。本文以含紅邊波段的衛星數據(RapidEye、Sentinel-2和EnMAP)為數據源,開展冬小麥葉片葉綠素含量估測研究,並對不同衛星數據的估測能力進行評估。通過對不同田間管理條件下的冬小麥冠層高光譜實測數據進行重採樣獲得模擬的RapidEye、Sentinel-2和EnMAP衛星數據。基於偏最小二乘法和植被指數法,利用模型數據估測冬小麥葉片葉綠素含量。研究結果表明,1) 基於偏最小二乘法,Sentinel-2數據反演精度最高(2002,2010和2002+2010數據集R2

分別為0.755,0.844和0.805),其次為EnMAP數據(2002,2010和2002+2010數據集R2=0.735, 0.867和0.771)和RapidEye數據(2002,2010和2002+2010數據集R2=0.689, 0.710和 0.707)。基於植被指數法,針對Sentinel-2和EnMap數據,MTCI指數(含兩個紅邊波段)表現出強敏感性和魯棒性(0.6282<0.852);針對RapidEye數據,NDRE1、SRRE1和CIRE1指數(含單一紅邊波段)表現出強敏感性和魯棒性(0.4202<0.561)。2) 不同波長的紅邊波段對葉片葉綠素含量反演的重要性不同,基於偏最小二乘法構建的反演模型中短波紅邊波段(699-734 nm)貢獻大,而植被指數反演模型中長波紅邊波段(740 -783 nm) 貢獻大。3) 新增紅邊波段可顯著提高模型的預測精度,但並非紅邊波段越多預測精度越高。RapidEye、Sentinel-2和EnMAP數據可實現大面積冬小麥葉綠素含量準確監測,並且針對紅邊波段研究結果對未來衛星傳感器紅邊波段的設計具有指導意義。

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CUI Bei, ZHAO Qian-jun, HUANG Wen-jiang, SONG Xiao-yu, YE Hui-chun, ZHOU Xian-feng. 2019. Leaf chlorophyll content retrieval of wheat by simulated RapidEye, Sentinel-2 and EnMAP data. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(6): 1230-1245.

Global sensitivity analysis of wheat grain yield and quality and the related process variables from the DSSAT-CERES model based on the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method

DSSAT-CERES模型產量、品質及過程變量的模型參數全局敏感性分析

✺ LI Zhen-hai, JIN Xiu-liang, LIU Hai-long, XU Xin-gang, WANG Ji-hua

作物生長模型綜合考慮品種、環境、管理等因素,是分析各種因素對作物生長、生產力及農業決策影響的有效工具。但是,在模型應用過程中,模型參數的優化及調試是模型應用的首要及難點問題,敏感性分析成為一種確定模型各類參數敏感性的有效方法。在本研究中,擴展傅里葉振幅靈敏度檢驗(EFAST)法被用於評價DSSAT-CERES模型中39個小麥品種參數和6個土壤參數對各類輸出變量的敏感性,其中輸出變量包括收穫期的產量和品質(以籽粒蛋白質含量為例),以及生長過程變量(葉面積指數、地上部生物量和植株氮素累積量)。結果表明:(1)參數的區間範圍對參數敏感性貢獻小於參數本身的敏感性;(2)產量與籽粒蛋白質含量的參數敏感性不同,並且參數的交互作用對籽粒蛋白質含量的影響高於對產量的影響;(3)生長過程變量的參數敏感性表現出較大差異。對於模型的生長過程及模型結構具有較大影響,但在收穫變量中未體現敏感性的參數,需要在調參過程中進行考慮。

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LI Zhen-hai, JIN Xiu-liang, LIU Hai-long, XU Xin-gang, WANG Ji-hua. 2019. Global sensitivity analysis of wheat grain yield and quality and the related process variables from the DSSAT-CERES model based on the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(7): 1547-1561.

Estimating total leaf nitrogen concentration in winter wheat by canopy hyperspectral data and nitrogen vertical distribution

基於冬小麥冠層光譜數據和氮素垂直分佈規律的冬小麥葉片氮濃度反演

✺ DUAN Dan-dan, ZHAO Chun-jiang, LI Zhen-hai, YANG Gui-jun, ZHAO Yu, QIAO Xiao-jun, ZHANG Yun-he, ZHANG Lai-xi, YANG Wu-de

利用遙感技術對作物氮素進行監測,有利於提高施肥效率、減輕生態環境負擔,對實現經濟效益和生態效益都具有重要意義。以2013-2014年冬小麥生長季試驗數據為基礎,通過結合氮素垂直分佈規律 (VND) 和高光譜數據建立了冬小麥葉片總氮濃度 (TLNC) 模型,並進行驗證。結果表明:(1) 葉片氮含量(LNC) 具有明顯的垂直分佈規律,從頂層到底層呈二次多項式趨勢。(2) 不同生長階段遙感探測的有效層不同。拔節期、挑旗期、開花期和灌漿期的有效探測層分別為整個冠層、上三層、上三層和上一層。(3)考慮VND的LNC模型具有較高的預測精度和穩定性。基於GI、mND705和NDVI的TLNC模型R2分別為0.61、0.59和0.53,nRMSE分別為8.84%、8.89%和9.37%。因此,考慮VND的LNC模型為田間氮素監測提供了一種準確、無損的方法。

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DUAN Dan-dan, ZHAO Chun-jiang, LI Zhen-hai, YANG Gui-jun, ZHAO Yu, QIAO Xiao-jun, ZHANG Yun-he, ZHANG Lai-xi, YANG Wu-de. 2019. Estimating total leaf nitrogen concentration in winter wheat by canopy hyperspectral data and nitrogen vertical distribution. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(7): 1562-1570.

Effect of nanosilver (nAg) on disinfection, growth, and chemical composition of young barley leaves under in vitroconditions

✺ Marcelina Krupa-Małkiewicz, Jan Oszmiański, Sabina Lachowicz, Małgorzata Szczepanek, Bogusława Jaśkiewicz, Kamila Pachnowska, Ireneusz Ochmian

Cereals, including barley, have been playing a key role in human diet for a long time. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of nanosilver (nAg) on limitation of infections, morphological features, and their chemical composition of young barley seedlings under in vitrocondition. Addition of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg dm-3nAg into MS medium was used. Obtained results showed that the effect on the morphological features depended on the nAg concentration. The addition of 6 and 8 mg dm-3 nAg into MS medium limited the number of infected barley embryos in vitro, whereas 4 and 8 mg dm-3nAg resulted in the highest seedlings with the longest roots. nAg in the medium affected the colour of leaves and increased the contents of chlorophyll and β-carotene, in particular in seedlings growing in MS medium supplied with 6 mg dm-3nAg. The addition of 8 mg dm-3 had the greatest effect on the contents of vitamin C and E in young barley seedlings. It was found that the contents of K and Ca in the young barley leaves were lower, as compared to control plants. The presence of 6 mg dm-3nAg in the medium resulted in an increased contents of N, Mg, Zn, Cu, and P. Hence, a diversified effect of nAg on individual groups of polyphenolic compounds was noticed. The presence of 2 and 8 mg dm-3nAg caused higher content values of polyphenolic compounds in young barley leaves

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Marcelina Krupa-Małkiewicz, Jan Oszmiański, Sabina Lachowicz, Małgorzata Szczepanek, Bogusława Jaśkiewicz, Kamila Pachnowska, Ireneusz Ochmian. 2019. Effect of nanosilver (nAg) on disinfection, growth, and chemical composition of young barley leaves under in vitroconditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(8): 1871-1881.

The effects of soil moisture and salinity as functions of groundwater depth on wheat growth and yield in coastal saline soils

濱海鹽土水埋深對土壤水鹽及小麥生長和產量的影響

✺ ZHANG He, LI Yan, MENG Ya-li, CAO Nan, LI Duan-sheng, ZHOU Zhi-guo, CHEN Bing-lin, DOU Fu-gen

水埋深會影響濱海鹽土水分和鹽分的含量,從而對作物生長和產量產生影響。本研究旨在探討:1) 受水埋深影響的水鹽脅迫對小麥生長的影響,2) 確定濱海鹽土小麥生長較適宜的水埋深。大田試驗水埋深處理 (通過土柱來維持) 分別在2013-2014年為0.7、1.1、1.5、1.9、2.3、2.7 m,2014-2015年為0.6、1.0、1.4、1.8、2.2、2.6 m。結果表明,土壤水分與鹽分呈正相關關係。漬水與高鹽脅迫 (2013-2014年水埋深0.7 m,2014-2015年0.6 m) 對小麥生長的影響程度大於輕度乾旱、中鹽脅迫 (2013-2014年2.3 m) 或輕度乾旱、低鹽脅迫 (2013-2014年2.7 m,2014-2015年2.2 m和2.6 m)。小麥孕穗期對水鹽脅迫反應最敏感。在2013-2014年,水埋深 (溝深) 1.9 m (正常水分、中鹽) 處和2.3 m (輕度乾旱、中鹽) 處,2014-2015年,水埋深1.8 m (正常水分、中鹽) 處、2.2 m (輕度乾旱、低鹽) 處,小麥的葉面積、SPAD、淨光合速率、籽粒產量和麵粉品質最佳。在濱海鹽土0-20 cm和20-40 cm土層下,較適宜的土壤相對含水量和土水比1:5浸提液電導率分別為58.67%-63.07%和65.51%-72.66% (2013-2014年),63.09%-66.70%和69.75%-74.72% (2014-2015年);0.86-1.01 ds m-1和0.63-0.77 ds m-1(2013-2014年),0.57-0.93 ds m

-1和0.40-0.63 ds m-1(2014-2015年)。

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ZHANG He, LI Yan, MENG Ya-li, CAO Nan, LI Duan-sheng, ZHOU Zhi-guo, CHEN Bing-lin, DOU Fu-gen. 2019. The effects of soil moisture and salinity as functions of groundwater depth on wheat growth and yield in coastal saline soils. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(11): 2472-2482.

Early selection of bread wheat genotypes using morphological and photosynthetic attributes conferring drought tolerance

✺ Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Abdus Salam khan, LI Ming-ju, Sultan Habibullah Khan, Muhammad Kashif

Genetic diversity is the base of any genetic improvement breeding program aimed at stress breeding. The variability among breeding materials is of primary importance in the achievements of a good crop production. Herein, 105 wheat genotypes were screened against drought stress using factorial completely randomized design at seedling stage to determine the genetic diversity and traits association conferring drought tolerance. Analysis of variances revealed that all the studied parameters differed significantly among all genotypes, indicating the significance genetic variability existed among all genotypes for studied indices. The 10 best performance genotypes G1, G6, G11, G16, G21, G26, G39, G44, G51, and G61 were screened as drought tolerant, while five lowest performance genotypes G3, G77, G91, G98, and G105 were screened as drought susceptible. Root length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents were significantly correlated among themselves which exhibited the importance of these indices for rainfed areas in future wheat breeding scheme. Shoot length exhibited non-significant and negative association with other studied traits, and its selection seems not to be a promising criteria for this germplasm for drought stress. Best performance genotypes under drought stress conditions will be useful in future wheat breeding program and early selection will be effective for developing high yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties.

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Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Abdus Salam khan, LI Ming-ju, Sultan Habibullah Khan, Muhammad Kashif. 2019. Early selection of bread wheat genotypes using morphological and photosynthetic attributes conferring drought tolerance. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(11): 2483-2491.

往期精選

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JIA 2018麥類研究合輯

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture(《農業科學學報》,JIA) 創刊於2002年,農業綜合性英文學術期刊。由中國農業科學院與中國農學會聯合主辦,農業信息研究所承辦。中國農業科學院副院長、中國工程院院士萬建民任主編。在Elsevier-SD平臺全OA出版,專注刊登作物學、園藝、植物保護、動物科學、動物醫學、資源環境、食品科學、農業經濟與管理等國際農業科學前沿熱點領域的綜述、研究論文、簡報以及評述等。

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