❤21課語法知識小課堂請查收~
Lesson 21
總結概括――虛擬語氣
1⃣語法解讀:
1.關於語氣——語氣和時態/語態一樣,都是謂語動詞的一種形式,表達說話的目的和意圖,分四類:
1)陳述語氣(用來陳述事實)
Our city has experienced great change.
2)疑問語氣(用來提出問題)
Have you ever been to Japan?
3)祈使語氣(用來發出請求/邀請/建議/命令等)
Hurry up.
Just do it.
4)虛擬語氣(提出假設或表達願望)
If I were you, I would forgive him.
I wish I could help you.
2.虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用——條件句分兩種:
1)真實條件句(實現的可能性很大)
If I have time, I will visit you.
If we leave now, we can still catch the bus.
2)虛擬條件句(不可能實現)
a.與現在事實相反
條件從句用:過去式,be用were;主句用should/would/could/might +動詞原形
虛擬語氣中,凡是用到be的地方,一律用were!
If I were you, I would forgive him.
If I knew her telephone number, I would tell you.
b.與將來事實相反
條件句用:過去式/should do/were to do;主句中用should/would/could/might do
If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him about this matter.
C.與過去事實相反
條件句用:had +過去分詞;主句用should/would/could/might have done
If he had taken my advice he would not have made such a mistake.
3.虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運用
1)在主語從句中的運用——it is +形容詞+ that引導主語從句(謂語用should+動詞原形)
It is necessary that you should size every possible chance.
It is surprising that you should not know about him.
It is a pity that you should not come to my party.
2)在賓語從句的運用——I wish that... (表達一種願望)
I wish I were ten years younger.
I wish you had come to my party yesterday.
I wish I could study in America someday.
3)虛擬語氣在表語從句中的運用(表達願望)
His suggestion is that you should give up your current job.
He looked as if he had known the truth long time ago.
4)虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運用
主要是指“it is high time that...”句型中,謂語用過去式,或should do *high可以省略
It is high time that we should take actions to stop pollution.
It is high time that we took actions to stop pollution.
2⃣難點精析:
特殊條件句
1.錯綜時間條件句
*有些條件句的主句謂語動詞和從句謂語的時間並不一致
If you had taken my advice then you wouldn't be in trouble now.
2.含蓄條件句
*有些句子不含條件從句,而是通過介詞或介詞短語表示(without,but for)
Without electricity, the world would be dark.
3.虛擬語氣的倒裝
*如果條件句中含有were,should或had,有時可將if省略,把were, should, had移到主語前
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in this examination.
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