【龍騰網】超級學習者的6個習慣：快速深入地學習任何技能

正文翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：宛如詩 轉載請註明出處

6 Habits of Super Learners Learn any skill deeply and quickly
標題：超級學習者的6個習慣：快速深入地學習任何技能
Becoming a super learner is one of the most important skills you need to succeed in the 21st century. In the age technological change, staying ahead depends on continual self-education — a lifelong mastery of new models, skills and ideas.
成為一個超級學習者是你在21世紀取得成功所需要的最重要的技能之一，在科技日新月異的時代，保持領先取決於持續的自我教育——終生掌握新的模式、技能和思想。
In a world that’s changing fast, the ability to learn a new skill as fast as possible is quickly becoming a necessity. The good news is, you don’t need a natural gift to be better at learning something new even when you have a full-time career.
在一個瞬息萬變的世界裡，儘可能快地學習一門新技能的能力很快就成為一種必要，好消息是，即使你有一份全職工作，你也不需要天賦異稟才能學習到新的東西。
Many polymaths (people who have excelled in diverse pursuits) — including Charles Darwin, Leonardo da Vinci and the Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman — claimed not to have exceptional natural intelligence.
許多博學的人 ( 擅長各種各樣的研究 ) ，包括查爾斯達爾文、列奧納多 · 達芬奇和諾貝爾物理學獎獲得者理查德 · 費曼，都聲稱自己沒有非凡的天生智慧。
We all have enough brainpower to master a new discipline — we use the right tools, approaches, or apply what we learn correctly. Almost anyone can learn anything — with the right technique.
我們都有足夠的腦力去掌握一門新的學科——只要我們正確的使用工具、方法，或者正確地應用我們所學到的東西，掌握正確的技巧，幾乎每個人都能學到任何東西。
Better learning approaches can make the process enjoyable. The key to rapid skill acquisition isn’t complicated. If you aim to learn a new skill to improve your career this year, some of these habits can be useful for you.
更好的學習方法可以讓學習過程變得有趣，快速掌握技能的關鍵並不複雜，如果你今年的目標是學習一項新技能來改善你的職業生涯，這些習慣中的一些對你是有用的。

Elon Musk grew up reading two books a day, according to his brother. Bill Gates reads 50 books per year. Mark Zuckerberg reads at least one book every two weeks. Warren Buffett spends five to six hours per day reading five newspapers and 500 pages of corporate reports.
據埃隆 · 馬斯克的哥哥說，埃隆 · 馬斯克從小每天讀兩本書，比爾 · 蓋茨每年讀50本書，馬克 · 扎克伯格每兩週至少讀一本書，沃倫 巴菲特每天花5至6個小時閱讀5份報紙和500頁企業報告。
In a world where information is the new currency, reading is the best source of continuous learning, knowledge and acquiring more of that currency.
在一個信息成為新貨幣的世界裡，閱讀是持續學習、獲得知識以及獲得更多這種新“貨幣”的最佳來源。
2. Super learners view learning as a process
2、超級學習者視學習為一個過程
Learning is a journey, a discovery of new knowledge, not a destination.
It’s an enjoyable lifelong process — a self-directed and self-paced journey of discovery. Understanding any topic, idea or new mindset requires not only keen observation but more fundamentally, the sustained curiosity.
學習是一段旅程，一段新知識的發現之旅，而不是目的地。
這是一個愉快的終身過程ーー一個自我導向和自我節奏的發現之旅，理解任何話題、想法或新的心態，不僅需要敏銳的觀察力，更重要的是，需要持續的好奇心。
“A learning journey is a curated collection of learning assets, both formal and informal, that can be used to acquire skills for a specific role and/or technology area,” writes Sonia Malik of IBM.
IBM 的索尼婭 · 馬利克說： “ 學習之旅是正式和非正式的學習資源的整合，可用於獲取特定角色和 / 或技術領域的技能。”
Learning is an investment that usually pays for itself in increased earnings. More than ever, learning is for life if you want to stay relevant, indispensable and thrive in the changing world of work.
學習是一種投資，通常可以從增加的收入中獲得回報，與以往任何時候相比，如果你想在不斷變化的工作世界中保持不落後、或者讓自己變得不可或缺並茁壯成長，那麼學習就是終身學習。

That means eating lots of foods associated with slowing cognitive decline — blueberries, vegetables (leafy greens — kale, spinach, broccoli), whole grains, getting protein from fish and legumes and choosing healthy unsaturated fats (olive oil) over saturated fats (butter).
這意味著要多吃與延緩認知能力下降有關的食物ーー藍莓、蔬菜 ( 綠葉蔬菜ーー羽衣甘藍、菠菜、花椰菜 ) 、全穀物、從魚類和豆類中獲取的蛋白質，選擇健康的不飽和脂肪 ( 橄欖油) 而不是飽和脂肪 ( 黃油 ) 。
Fruit and vegetables combat age-related oxidative stress that causes wear and tear on brain cells,” says Dr Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry and ageing.
精神病學和衰老學教授加里 · 斯莫爾博士說：“ 水果和蔬菜可以對抗與年齡有關的氧化應激，這種應激反應會導致腦細胞的損耗。”
Our brains naturally decline if we do nothing to protect them. However, if you intervene early, you can slow the decline process — it’s easier to protect a healthy brain than to try to repair damage once it is extensive.
如果我們不採取保護措施，我們的大腦會自然衰退。
然而，如果及早干預，可以減緩這一衰退的過程——保護一個健康的大腦比試圖修復一個大面積損傷的大腦更容易。
6. They take short breaks, early and often
6、超級學習者會盡早和經常地進行短暫的休息
Downtime is crucial to retaining anything you choose to learn. According to recent research, taking short breaks, early and often, can help you learn things better and even improve your retention rate.
休息對於保留你選擇學習的任何東西都是至關重要的，根據最近的研究，儘早和經常地進行短暫的休息，可以幫助你更好地學習，甚至提高你的記憶力。
“Everyone thinks you need to ‘practice, practice, practice’ when learning something new. Instead, we found that resting, early and often, maybe just as critical to learning as practice,” said Leonardo G. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D., a senior investigator at NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
美國國立衛生研究院全國神經紊亂和中風研究院健康中心的高級研究員萊昂納多 · G · 科恩博士說：“ 每個人都認為在學習新東西時需要‘練習，練習，練習’，相反，我們發現儘早、經常地休息，可能對學習和實踐同樣重要。”

評論翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：宛如詩 轉載請註明出處
Natasha Varma
Great thoughts. To your point about teaching what you learn, it’s probably no surprise then that the super learners are also the ones that write most often. Often times they write for themselves but simultaneously impart knowledge with their readers. A win-win.
很讚的見解。關於“ 把你所知道的東西教給別人”的觀點，我覺得超級學習者也是寫作最頻繁的人，這可能並不令人驚訝，很多時候，他們為自己寫作，同時向讀者傳授知識，雙贏。
Brandon Rasmussen
Downtime is crucial to retaining anything you choose to learn. According to recent research, taking short breaks, early and often, can help you learn things better and even improve y...
Great article Thomas!
Downtime is one of the most understated concepts of our never-stop age. We’re fixed on this age of trying to accomplish everything instantly. Pacing ourselves is important as you stated, it allows us the opportunity to retain and be still. Stillness allows our minds the opportunity to process and potentiates creativity.
“休息對於保留你選擇學習的任何東西都是至關重要的，根據最近的研究，儘早和經常地進行短暫的休息，可以幫助你更好地學習，甚至提高你的記憶力。。。”

John McMahon
Not so many years ago I was a very avid single track mountain bike rider, and used to ride a long rooty rocky hilly course at least a couple of times a week. The hardest thing that I had to learn to mountain bike with enough skill so that I could keep up with more experienced riders had to do with the brakes on the bike. The issue was not when to brake, but when not to brake. To fly down one side of a steep gulley, through a stream, and up the other side, you can’t apply the brakes at all or you won’t have enough momentum to clear the other side, and you’ll end up in the stream on your back with the bike on top of you. The same thing to clear a steep obstacle like a log. You can’t touch the brakes or you’ll fall over on top of it. Of course the natural reaction to flying down a precipice with sharp rocks at the bottom is to slow down, but you can’t, because that’s when you get hurt and get a ding on your bike.

Karyn Methven
While I don’t think that I’m a polymath, I’ve done everything on this list since I was a wee little kid. I think you need to be intrinsically curious, too. The need to understand completely is like a genetic imperative for me. I could not stop having the enormous desire to learn and understand anymore than I could stop myself from breathing. It’s an autonomic process. I learned from Ninian Smart that when you are learning something new, you need to approach it as though you are an initiate. Leave your biases behind and be prepared to roll with the situation as it unfolds. Take notes, ask questions, and be prepared to be wrong. Be accepting of criticism and learn from it. Work hard and do what it takes to internalize knowledge, but don’t marry ideas. You need to be able to analyze critically any new data, and be prepared to revise your previous knowledge. It’s a part of life.

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