元代景德鎮從宋加彩工藝中分離而獨樹一幟的釉上裝飾彩類。即器物上僅用紅、綠兩色繪畫，低溫燒成，紅者如棗，綠者發翠，具有濃郁的民間藝術氣息，其構圖運筆多以寫意為主，紋飾人物、花鳥、山水常見，民窯居多。
Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty is a unique kind of glaze decoration color separated from the Song Dynasty. That is to say, only red and green paintings are used on the utensils, which are fired at low temperature. The red ones are like dates, and the green ones are green. They have a strong flavor of folk art. Most of the composition and strokes are freehand brushwork. The decorative figures, flowers and birds, landscapes are common, and most of the kilns are folk kilns.
紅綠彩是在高溫白釉或白地黑花瓷燒成後，在白釉上用紅、綠、黃等彩勾畫出紋飾，再入窯以800℃左右的低溫燒成。因此也常稱為“宋加彩”或“金加彩”。紅綠彩瓷器物上常以白釉為主要底色，以潔白的釉色和大面積的紅彩相配合。紅綠彩瓷的色彩主色是紅、綠、黃三色，但每種彩又有深淺不同的色階。紅彩是以鐵為呈色劑的礬紅彩，用青礬加熱、煅燒而成，最大的特點是將彩施於器表之前就已呈現紅色，在施彩時就已知道其燒成後的呈色。紅彩一般為正紅色或稱棗紅色。綠彩則有翠綠、墨綠、褐綠和淺翠綠等不同呈色，這是在配製彩時控制呈色物質而有意造成的。黃色則有淺黃、明黃和金黃等色。紅綠彩瓷常與釉下棕褐彩和黑彩相配合，是宋元時期瓷器裝飾藝術中的特點。
The red and green color is made by firing white glaze or white ground black flower porcelain at high temperature, then drawing the patterns with red, green, yellow and other colors on the white glaze, and then firing at a low temperature of about 800 ℃. Therefore, it is often called "Song Jiacai" or "Jin Jiacai". White glaze is often used as the main background color on red and green porcelain, and white glaze color matches with large area of red color. The main color of red green porcelain is red, green and yellow, but each color has different color levels. Red color is the alum red color with iron as the color agent, which is heated and calcined with alum. The biggest feature is that the color is red before it is applied to the surface of the instrument, and the color after burning is known when it is applied. Red color is usually positive red or jujube red. Green color has emerald, blackish green, brown green and light emerald green, which is intentionally caused by controlling the color substance in the preparation of color. Yellow is light yellow, bright yellow and golden. Red and green porcelain is often combined with underglaze brown color and black color, which is the characteristic of porcelain decoration art in song and Yuan Dynasties.
一、何謂紅綠彩
1、 What is red green color
紅綠彩的名稱其實極為形象，是指僅用紅彩和綠彩繪制的釉上彩繪品種。
In fact, the name of red and green color is very vivid, which refers to the varieties of glaze painting that are only painted with red and green colors.
所謂紅彩，是指礬紅，是以青礬、牛膠等為原料煉製而成的，燒成後成不透明紅色，在粉彩出現之前的釉上彩中使用極廣。所謂綠彩，是以銅花為主要原料的釉上彩，在氧化氣氛中成綠色。綠彩雖然能配比燒出不同色階，但在紅綠彩中一般僅呈現一個色階。
The so-called red color refers to alum red, which is made of blue alum, cow glue and other raw materials. After firing, it becomes opaque red, which is widely used in the glaze color before the appearance of pastels. The so-called green color is the overglaze color with copper flowers as the main raw material, which turns green in the oxidation atmosphere. Although green color can match different color scales, it usually only presents one color scale in red green color.
自元代以後紅彩和綠彩始終是釉上彩繪的主要成分，但狹義的紅綠彩瓷是指僅使用此二色者。若再添加黃彩、赭彩、孔雀藍等，則稱五彩；若在青花上使用紅綠彩，則稱青花紅綠彩。
Since the Yuan Dynasty, red color and green color have always been the main components of glaze painting, but the narrow sense of red and green color porcelain refers to the use of only these two colors. If yellow color, ochre color and peacock blue are added, it is called five colors; if red green color is used on blue and white, it is called blue and white red green color.
二、來自北方的淵源
2、 Sources from the North
說起紅綠彩，這絕對不是景德鎮的專項了，北方窯口早已有之。據說最早的紅彩出現在宋代白釉瓷上，這種礬紅書寫“長壽酒”的定窯小杯，上博就藏有兩件。但最近幾年的研究成果更傾向於將這類器物定為金代產品。
Speaking of red and green color, this is definitely not a special project of Jingdezhen. There are already kilns in the north. It is said that the earliest red color appeared on the white glazed porcelain of Song Dynasty. There are two small Dingyao cups with "longevity wine" written in this red color, which are hidden in Shangbo. But in recent years, the research results are more inclined to define this kind of artifacts as Jin Dynasty products.
宋代以後，紅綠彩裝飾的瓷器在北方窯口更是屢見不鮮，主要是磁州窯系的品種吧，目前已發掘和考證的窯口非常多，達十餘處，由於本文主要討論景德鎮窯的紅綠彩，所以此處不細表。這裡僅貼一件扒村窯的紅綠彩詩文盤，這種盤是扒村窯的典型產品，窯址數量較多，但流傳至今的整器卻也罕見了，此件是考古出土器。
After the Song Dynasty, red and green color decorated porcelain is common in northern kilns. It is mainly the variety of Cizhou kilns. At present, there are a lot of kilns that have been explored and verified, reaching more than ten. Because this paper mainly discusses the red and green color of Jingdezhen kiln, it is not detailed here. There is only one red and green poetry plate pasted here. This plate is a typical product of Bacun kiln. There are many kiln sites, but the whole device handed down to now is rare. This is an archaeological unearthed device.
其實，自遼、金及元，磁州窯系紅綠彩的燒造從未間斷，紅綠黃彩的品種也很多見，從紅綠彩的繼承關係看，關於磁州窯與景德鎮窯間淵源的一些論述，當非虛言。
In fact, since the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the firing of red and green color in Cizhou kiln system has never stopped, and there are many varieties of red, green and yellow color. From the perspective of the inheritance of red and green color, some discussions on the origin between Cizhou kiln and Jingdezhen kiln should be true.
三、景德鎮窯紅綠彩的發展情況
3、 Development of red and green color in Jingdezhen kiln
元代的景德鎮，釉下彩、釉上彩與顏色釉的同時的爆發式的博興，以及與之前影青釉產品的極為顯著的差異，總讓人很容易地主張元代景德鎮瓷器品種的“外來說”。關於這一話題，在青花的產生問題上討論尤多，這個故事且留給考古學家繼續說去。
In Jingdezhen of Yuan Dynasty, the explosive boom of underglaze color, overglaze color and color glaze, as well as the extremely significant difference from the previous shadow blue glaze products, always make it easy to master the "foreign theory" of Jingdezhen porcelain varieties of Zhang Yuan Dynasty. On this topic, there is a lot of discussion on the generation of blue and white. The story is left to archaeologists to continue.
但是不能不承認，元代的紅綠彩是直接以一種成熟的姿態，出現在世人面前的，這些紅綠彩標本是如此之多，至今在景德鎮仍然能輕易買到，其數量與質量可見一斑。
However, it can not be denied that the red and green color of the Yuan Dynasty appeared directly in front of the world in a mature manner. These red and green color specimens are so many that they can still be easily bought in Jingdezhen so far, and their quantity and quality can be seen.
至遲在宣德官窯中，黃彩、赭彩等釉上彩料便已出現，使得紅綠彩在奠定景德鎮釉上彩的發展道路之後，便匆匆退居二線。明代紅綠彩，論者一般都僅將其作為五彩的一個分支而已。其實紅綠彩不是五彩的減法，恰恰相反，五彩是紅綠彩的加法，這一先後關係，至少還是不能亂的。
At the latest, in Xuande official kiln, yellow color, ochre color and other glaze color materials have appeared, making red and green color in Jingdezhen glaze color after laying the road of development, they quickly retired to the second line. In Ming Dynasty, red and green colors were generally regarded as a branch of the five colors. In fact, red and green color is not the subtraction of five colors. On the contrary, five colors are the addition of red and green colors. This sequence, at least, cannot be disordered.
當然，五彩之後，紅綠彩雖然不常見，卻也一直得以延續。如果是五彩較之粉彩而言，有一種簡練、直率、粗獷之美，那麼紅綠彩將這種美髮揮到了極致。紅綠彩所帶來的兩種對比色調的強烈衝擊，確實是其他釉上彩無法比擬的，這也正是紅綠彩的審美情趣所在。
Of course, after the five colors, red and green colors, although not common, have been able to continue. If there is a simple, straightforward and rough beauty of multicolored compared with pastel, then red and green color will bring this beauty to the extreme. The strong impact of two contrasting colors brought by red and green color is incomparable to other glaze colors, which is exactly the aesthetic interest of red and green color.
專家推薦：此碗敞口，深腹，高足，釉面明淨，釉光瑩潤為典型的明晚期紅綠彩花卉開光囍字大碗。碗足高，胎體厚重，畫工流暢。有磕和線及老鋸釘補 ，是件難得的紅綠彩瓷器，色彩對比強烈，畫筆豪放不羈，瀟灑有力。此碗用礬紅彩、綠彩和松石綠三色，外壁飾花卉紋及開光雙喜。外底有 縮釉現象，因細沙墊燒而在圈足上粘有沙粒的痕跡。紅綠彩屬於瓷器的釉上彩，是較為稀少的品種。此器器型穩重，紋飾生動，以紅彩勾繪纏 枝花卉，綠彩填飾，紅者如棗，綠者發翠，二彩濃妍相映，用色極為巧妙。紅綠彩瓷以大紅大綠民間喜慶的色彩為基色，在紋飾表達上極具民 間年畫的特點，瀟灑隨意、簡樸洗練、粗放寫實，用筆不多，卻神采飛揚。極具收藏價值！
Experts recommend: this bowl is open, deep belly, high foot, clear glaze, bright and lustrous glaze, which is a typical red and green flower bowl in the late Ming Dynasty. Bowl foot high, heavy carcass, smooth painting. It's a rare red and green porcelain with strong color contrast, bold and unrestrained brush, natural and powerful. This bowl is made of bauxite red color, green color and turquoise green. The outer wall is decorated with flower pattern and double happiness. There is a phenomenon of shrinkage glaze on the outer bottom, and there are traces of sand particles on the ring foot due to the burning of fine sand cushion. Red and green color belongs to the glaze color of porcelain, which is a rare variety. The shape of this utensil is steady and vivid. The red color is used to draw the tangled flowers. The green color is used to fill the ornaments. The red color is like dates, and the green one is green. The two colors are thick and beautiful, and the color is very clever. Red and green porcelain is based on red and green folk festive colors. It has the characteristics of folk New Year pictures in the expression of decorative patterns. It is natural and unrestrained, simple and concise, extensive and realistic, with few pens, but it is full of spirits. Great collection value!
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