意大利2010年版1歐分硬幣（收於2018年）意大利全稱意大利共和國；歐洲文藝復興的發源地；主要由南歐的亞平寧半島及兩個位於地中海中的島嶼西西里島與薩丁島所組成。國土面積為301333平方公里，人口6055.1萬（2017年）。首都羅馬，現任總統塞爾吉奧·馬塔雷拉。
意大利是歐洲歷史古國，在舊石器時代就已有人類在這片土地上生活。從公元前900年開始，伊特魯里亞文明開始發展；公元前510年，羅馬人結束羅馬王政時代並建立共和國。公元前241年將西西里納入自己的版圖。公元前202年，將西班牙和希臘納入版圖。凱撒統治時期，征服了高盧和埃及。公元前27年建立了古羅馬帝國。395年，羅馬帝國分裂為東、西羅馬帝國。東羅馬帝國稱拜占庭帝，1453年被奧斯曼土耳其人所滅亡。476年羅馬僱傭兵領袖日耳曼人奧多亞克廢黜西羅馬最後一個皇帝，西羅馬帝國遂告滅亡，西羅馬帝國的滅亡，標誌著奴隸制度在西歐的崩潰。1861年，撒丁王國改國號為意大利王國；意大利統一之後就走上了對外擴張的資本主義殖民道路並且以強國的姿態出現在歐洲的政治外交中；1921年，與德國日本相繼簽訂了"鋼鐵同盟"和"反共產協定"等一系列條約成立了軸心國集團。1940年意大利勢力範圍遍及地中海、北非、東非達到鼎盛；1943年戰敗後退出軸心國集團，海外領地崩潰，二戰後只保留了南索馬里的統治權，直到1960年。外交方面：基本點是立足西歐；依靠北約，重視同美國的傳統關係；強調建立公正合理的國際新秩序，主張世界多極化和加強地區性合作。1970年11月6日，意大利與中國建交。
意大利是發達工業國，幾個世紀一直都是西方文明的中心；經濟在二戰後以3倍速度飛速發展，被當時的西方媒體稱之為阿爾卑斯山南面的奇蹟。經濟方面：是歐洲第四大、世界第八大經濟體；中小企業發達，被譽為"中小企業王國"；世界著名的汽車跑車生產國，相關品牌包括法拉利、蘭博基尼等；世界傳統農業大國和農業強國；為全球十大外貿國之一，年進出口貿易總額長期穩定在世界第七至八位；曾經是世界最大的貿易順差國之一，後逐漸淪為貿易逆差國，中國是意大利最大貿易逆差來源國。交通方面：交通運輸系統屬於世界最完善的交通系統之一，國內各種交通運輸系統建築長度總和位於世界前20，人均擁有交通路線長度則處於世界前十；也是世界發展高鐵項目最早的國家之一；與瑞士的森皮奧內隧道是世界上第一長的鐵路隧道。文教體方面：成立於1088年，有"大學之母"美譽的博洛尼亞大學是世界上第一所大學。意大利足球甲級聯賽曾有"小世界盃"稱號。截至2015年，共有51處世界遺產。
意大利從公元前6世紀就開始大量製作錢幣，因此流傳下來很多優美精湛的制幣，堪稱世界鑄幣史上的超級大國。70年代經濟開始疲軟；進入90年代又遭遇了經濟和政治危機，國家公共赤字超過3%，成為"笨豬五國"之一。為了加入歐洲貨幣聯盟，不得不進行財政緊縮。意大利現行貨幣是歐元。此1歐分硬幣由銅包鋼製成，正面主圖為統一歐元區面值設計圖案；背面主圖描繪的是體現著古希臘羅馬風格、伊斯蘭風格和西多會哥特式建築風格完美結合的意大利名勝蒙特城堡；2002年意大利歐元硬幣首發年就將其鑄於幣上，形象地體現了這座世界建築史上的傑作和奇蹟。Italy is the full name of the Italian Republic. The birthplace of the European Renaissance; It is mainly composed of southern Europe's Apennine Peninsula and two Mediterranean islands, Sicily and Sardinia. The land area is 301,333 square kilometers and the population is 60,551,000 (2017). The capital Rome, the current President Sergio Mattarella.
Italy is a country with an ancient history in Europe. Human beings have lived in this land since Paleolithic. From 900 BC onwards, Etruscan civilization began to develop. In 510 BC, the Romans ended the era of Roman kingship and established the Republic.Sicily was incorporated into its territory in 241 BC. In 202 BC, Spain and Greece were incorporated into the territory. Caesar conquered Gaul and Egypt during his reign. The Roman Empire was established in 27 BC. In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into East and West Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire called Byzantine Emperor and was destroyed by Ottoman Turks in 1453. In 476, Roman mercenary leader Germanic Odovac deposed the last emperor of western Rome, which led to the demise of the western Roman empire, marking the collapse of slavery in western Europe. In 1861, the kingdom of Sardinia was renamed the kingdom of Italy. After the reunification of Italy, it embarked on the capitalist colonial road of external expansion and appeared in European political diplomacy as a powerful country; In 1921, Japan and Germany successively signed a series of treaties such as "Iron and Steel Alliance" and "Anti-Communism Agreement" to form the Axis Group. In 1940, Italy's sphere of influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean, North Africa and East Africa. After its defeat in 1943, it withdrew from the Axis group and its overseas territories collapsed. After World War II, it only retained the sovereignty of South Somalia until 1960. In diplomacy, the basic point is to base oneself on western Europe. Rely on NATO and attach importance to the traditional relations with the United States; He stressed the establishment of a just and reasonable new international order and advocated multi-polarization of the world and strengthening regional cooperation. On November 6, 1970, Italy established diplomatic relations with China.
Italy is a developed industrial country and has been the center of western civilization for centuries. After World War II, the economy developed at a three-fold speed, which was called a miracle in the southern Alps by western media at that time. Economic aspect: it is the fourth largest economy in Europe and the eighth largest economy in the world. Small and medium-sized enterprises are well developed and are known as "the kingdom of small and medium-sized enterprises". World-renowned car sports car manufacturers, related brands include Ferrari, Lamborghini, etc.; The world's traditional agricultural powers and agricultural powers; As one of the ten largest foreign trade countries in the world, the annual total import and export trade has been stable at the 7th to 8th place in the world for a long time. Once one of the world's largest trade surplus countries, it gradually became a trade deficit country. China is Italy's largest source of trade deficit. Transportation:Italy's transportation system is one of the most perfect transportation systems in the world. The total length of various domestic transportation system buildings is in the top 20 in the world, and the length of traffic routes per capita is in the top 10 in the world. It is also one of the earliest countries to develop high-speed rail projects in the world. The sampione tunnel with Switzerland is the longest railway tunnel in the world. Culture and education: Bologna University, founded in 1088 and reputed as the "mother of universities", is the first university in the world. Italy's first division football league once had the title of "little world cup". As of 2015, there are 51 world heritage sites.
Italy has been making a large number of coins since the 6th century BC, so many exquisite coins have been handed down and can be called a superpower in the history of world coins. The economy began to weaken in the 1970s. Entering the 1990s, it encountered another economic and political crisis, with the national public deficit exceeding 3%, becoming one of the "five stupid pig countries". In order to join the European Monetary Union, fiscal tightening is necessary.The current currency of Italy is the euro. The 1 euro cent coin is made of copper clad steel, and the front main picture shows the design pattern for unifying the euro zone face value.The main picture on the back depicts the Italian famous Castle Monte, which embodies the perfect combination of ancient Greek and Roman style, Islamic style and siduohui Gothic architectural style; The first issue of the Italian euro coin in 2002 put the design of Monte castle on the coin, vividly reflecting the masterpiece and miracle in the history of world architecture.
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