全國有些院校的考博英語閱讀理解都選自GRE，LSAT或者GMAT，如北京師範大學，華中科技大學，重慶大學等院校的考博英語真題。不同的是選項由五個選項改為四個，每篇閱讀理解改為了五道題。
我們先了解一下這種考試的來源， GRE的全稱是美國研究生入學考試，GMAT指的是經企管理研究生入學考試，LSAT指的是法學院入學考試，這三種考試難度比我們國內研究生入學考試難度大，而且出題套路也不一樣，無論對於出國留學的學生還是考博的學生來說都是噩夢。因此我們有必要對比一些這幾種考試和國內考試的區別，調整做題的策略，才能順利通過考試。
一、GRE或GMAT和（常規）四六級或者考研閱讀理解的區別:
二、解題步驟調整
考博英語中首先要瀏覽五道題的題幹，理解題幹問的究竟是什麼，並標記出關鍵詞，並初步判斷題目的類型，注意細節題和推理題有時間區別不是很明顯，有些題是明顯的推理判斷題。
比如題幹中出現了imply 或者infer這樣的詞，區別不明顯的不要擔心，只要找出定位的關鍵詞，認真理解原文的細節，根據答案選擇即可。
第二步，按照以往的解題步驟，就是邊看文章邊按照題幹尋找定位了，但是這樣文章出題很少題文同序的，因此要先通讀文章瞭解整篇文章的主旨和結構，但是絕不是一字一句將文章從頭到尾翻譯一遍，因為文章的話題包羅萬象，如考古，物理，生物，地理，心理，歷史，文學評論，要想能夠非常通順的把文章都翻譯一遍難度是巨大的，考試時間上也是不允許的，所以我們在讀文章的時候應該重點關注文章的主要觀點有哪些，作者的態度是什麼，細節的東西大致瀏覽一下不用細緻理解，方便做到細節題時回到原文定位。
第三步是解題，主旨題可以直接根據第一遍的閱讀答題，細節題要回答文中定位，認真對比選項，注意讀文章的時間要小於做題的時間。
主旨題考察的是文章整體的把握能力，對於議論文來說，每篇文章都有一個主題以及針對這個主題的若干觀點，解釋，舉例，我們要做的是區分觀點和概括作者的行文思路，區分作者反駁和支持的觀點或者文章直接證明的觀點說明的現象或者事物，根據解題的經驗，作者往往支持新觀點反對舊觀點，解題的關鍵是重視第一段，每段的開頭和結尾和最後一段。
華慧考博
尤其是要重點理解轉折詞後的內容，因為轉折詞（however,but等）後的內容才是作者真正想說的。記敘文通常沒有主題句，我們必須通過作者敘述的事情進行昇華和概括，記敘文的主旨是通過一些細節展現的，如動作，心理，環境等細節描寫。
三、主旨題的干擾類型：
1.與中心無關
2.具體細節而不是概括全文
3.沒有涉及
4.與文章主旨相反
5.太籠統
【實例分析】
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry.” Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter; and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of “dead-end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women’s work.” The increase:in the numbers of married women employed. outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase :in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
華慧考博
Women’ s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist,-while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the Passage?
A.The effects of the mechanization of women' s work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.
B. Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members.
C. The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.
D.The mechanization of women' s work, while extremely revolutionary it its effects, has not, on the whole, had the deleterious effects that some critics had feared.
【解題思路】：
第一段首句分析：
結構劃分：It 作形式主語，that引導主語從句，主語從句中的主幹是the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people and the society. who 引導定語從句修飾people, into which...引導定語從句修飾the society.
句意：工作的機械化對操作新機器的人以及引入機器的社會有革命性的影響，而後面是舉例無需細讀。
作用分析：根據It is frequently assumed that ...可知該句是大部分人的觀點
第一段末句指出儘管觀察家對機器化的影響的社會期許觀點不一，但是他們都認為機械化改變了女性的生活。
華慧考博
第二段首句提出歷史學家的觀點：Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter; and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work.
尤其時研究女性歷史的歷史學家嚴肅地對機械化改變力量的假設。他們得出這樣的一個結論，即像多軸紡織機，縫紉機，打字機和真空吸塵器這樣的發明沒有導致女性經濟地位或者對女性工作的普遍評價的同樣巨大的社會變革。
作用分析：如果說第一段相當於提出一個普遍的觀點或者舊觀點，第二段提出一個新觀點來質疑第一段的觀點，即工業化對女性的工作的影響並沒有第一段首句提出的那麼巨大。
第三段轉折處：Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution的意思是從根本上來說，女性工作的條件從工業革命以來幾乎沒有變化。
作用分析：屬於段落主題句，支持第二段提出的新觀點。此句之後是用具體的論據支持本段中心句。
末段倒數第二句Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. 總結了最近歷史學家的觀點的價值，作者認為最近歷史學家的研究極是對科技對社會的影響總是革命性的這一觀點重大修正。最後一句Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home指出機械化甚至可能減緩了女性在勞動力和工作中傳統地位的變革，該句是直接提出了跟普遍觀點相反的意見。
【選項分析】
【A】 The effects of the mechanization of women' s work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary
機械化對女性工作的影響不能證明新技術本質上是革命性的這一普遍的觀點 。A選項的觀點跟最近歷史學家的觀點相一致，也是作者支持的觀點，只不過換了一種表述說法。因此A選項符合文章的主旨。
【B】 Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and the customary roles of its members.
最近的研究表明機械化使一個社會的傳統價值和社會成員的傳統角色發生革命性變化。
該選項與中心不符，本文討論的使機械化對女性的工作的影響而不是對社會的傳統價值。
【C】 The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.
工作的機械化創造了以前沒有的新的社會工作類別。
該選項不能概括本文的中心，文章中也沒有提到。解主旨題時應排除文章中涉及的具體細節。
【D】The mechanization of women' s work, while extremely revolutionary it its effects, has not, on the whole, had the deleterious effects that some critics had feared.
儘管女性工作的機械化有革命性的影響，但是沒有一些評論家擔心的有害效應。
D與文章主旨相反，文章認為女性工作的機械化沒有革命性的影響甚至還會削弱女性在工作和家庭中的傳統地位的變革。
華慧考博
總結：
主旨題的解題一定要把握文章的整體結構，重視文章各個段落的開頭結尾，標記好觀點句和概括性的句子。
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