上篇文章我們已經大致介紹了現在完成時的結構,今天我們來討論兩個常用句式和常用搭配詞
How long have you...
在對話中,我們經常用how long have you... 專門用來問對方“你完成......多久了?”,很抽象吧,直接上例子:
時間線索1:Jill is on holiday in Italy. She is there now.
Jill 正在意大利度假,她現在正在那兒。
時間線索2:She arrived in Italy on Monday.
她是星期一到達意大利的。
時間線索3:Today is Thurday.
今天是星期四。
而與how long相對應的,我們用for 和 since 來回答:
所以 how long has Jill been in Italy?
Jill 已經在意大利多久了呢?
--Jill has been in Italy for three days.(從星期二~星期四)
Jill已經在意大利三天了。
--Jill has been in Italy since Monday.(從到達當天算起)
Jill 從星期一已經在那了。
由上可以看出,用“for+一段時間”可以表示多久了。
用“since+開始的那一天”也可以表示多久了。
我們再來看個例子:
目前時間:2020年4月
How long have you bought your car?
--I have bought my car for 5 five years.
我已經買車5年了。
也可以說
--I have bought car since 2015.
我2015年就買車了。
而部分人會把 for 和 ago 混淆,但是,主要記住for與現在完成時搭配,ago與一般過去時搭配即可。
還是以Jill的事為例:
When did Jill arrive in Italy?
--She arrived in Italy three days ago.
How long has Jill been in Italy?
--She has been in Italy for three days.
just & already & yet
在現在完成時裡還常見jsut,already,yet的搭配,到底怎麼用?什麼時候用?
Just=一小段時間之前,時間很短促,剛剛
Is Marco here?
--Yes, he has just arrived. 他剛剛到。
Are you hungry?
--No, we have just had our lunch.我們剛剛吃完午餐。
Is Tom still here?
--No, I'm afraid he has just gone. 他剛剛離開。
Already=在某人預料的情況之前已經完成
What time will Jill and Marco come?
--They've already arrived. 他們已經到了(在你的預料情況之前)
Paul, this is Mary.
--Yes, I know. We've already known each other. 我們已經互相認識彼此了。(在你的預料情況之前)
Yet=直到現在
用於否定句中:
Is Marco here?
--No, he hasn't arrived yet. 他直到現在還沒到。
Does Jill know you're going away?
--No, I haven't told her yet. 我直到現在還沒有告訴她。
用於問句中:
Have Jill and Marco arrived yet?
--No yet. We still waiting for them.
Has Crystal started her new job yet?
--No, she will start next week.
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