簡 介
1940年5月8日，由於前首相張伯倫遭到不信任質疑動議，被迫辭職。5月10日下午6時，國王召見丘吉爾，令其組閣；一小時後丘吉爾會見工黨領袖艾德禮，邀請工黨加入內閣並獲得支持。3天后丘吉爾首次以首相身份出席下議院會議，發表了著名的講話：“我沒有別的，只有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水獻給大家……你們問：我們的目的是什麼？我可以用一個詞來答覆：勝利，不惜一切代價去爭取勝利，無論多麼恐怖也要爭取勝利，無論道路多麼遙遠艱難，也要爭取勝利，因為沒有勝利就無法生存。”下議院最終以381票對0票的絕對優勢表明了對丘吉爾政府的支持。
上任後丘吉爾首先訪問法國，他驚訝地得知法國即將投降，但是他向法國領導人表明，即使法國被打敗了，英國仍將繼續戰鬥。5月26日，丘吉爾下令撤出在法的英軍，代號為“發電機計劃”的敦刻爾克大撤退開始。在短短的8天中，被圍困在敦刻爾克周圍一小塊地區的盟軍奇蹟般地撤出33萬多人，政府號召英國沿海居民利用自己的小艇救援在海峽對岸的士兵，連海軍部的軍官們也親自加入到救援行列。6月4日丘吉爾在下院通報了敦刻爾克撤退成功，但是也提醒“戰爭不是靠撤退打贏的。”之後丘吉爾就發表了大概是二戰中最鼓舞人心的一段講話：
“我們將戰鬥到底。我們將在法國作戰，我們將在海洋中作戰，我們將以越來越大的信心和越來越強的力量在空中作戰，我們將不惜一切代價保衛本土，我們將在海灘作戰，我們將在敵人的登陸點作戰，我們將在田野和街頭作戰，我們將在山區作戰。我們絕不投降，即使我們這個島嶼或這個島嶼的大部分被征服並陷於飢餓之中——我從來不相信會發生這種情況——我們在海外的帝國臣民，在英國艦隊的武裝和保護下也會繼續戰鬥，直到新世界在上帝認為適當的時候，拿出它所有一切的力量來拯救和解放這個舊世界。”
Introduction
On May 10, 1940, Winston Churchill became Prime Minister. When he met his Cabinet on May 13 he told them that "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat." He repeated that phrase later in the day when he asked the House of Commons for a vote of confidence in his new all-party government. The response of Labour was heart-warming; the Conservative reaction was luke-warm. They still really wanted Neville Chamberlain. For the first time, the people had hope but Churchill commented to General Ismay: "Poor people, poor people. They trust me, and I can give them nothing but disaster for quite a long time."
On June 4, Sir Churchill gave the address which may be considered most inspiring during the 2nd World War:
We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.
First Speech as Prime Minister
May 13, 1940
to House of Commons
Mr. Speaker,
On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.
上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，組織新的一屆政府。
It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.
按國會和國民的意願，新政府顯然應該考慮建立在儘可能廣泛的基礎上，應該兼容所有的黨派。
I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.
我已經完成了這項任務的最主要的部分。戰時內閣已由五人組成，包括工黨、反對黨和自由黨，這體現了舉國團結一致。
It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.
由於事態的極端緊急和嚴峻，新閣政府須於一天之內組成，其他的關鍵崗位也於昨日安排就緒。今晚還要向國王呈報一份名單。我希望明天就能完成幾位主要大臣的任命。
The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.
其餘大臣們的任命照例得晚一些。我相信，在國會下一次召開時，任命將告完成，臻於完善。
I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.
為公眾利益著想，我建議議長今天就召開國會。今天的議程結束時，建議休會到5月21日，並準備在必要時提前開會。有關事項當會及早通知各位議員。
I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:
現在我請求國會作出決議，批准我所採取的各項步驟，啟示記錄在案，並且聲明信任新政府。決議如下：
"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."
“本國會歡迎新政府的組成，她體現了舉國一致的堅定不移的決心：對德作戰，直到最後勝利。”
To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.
組織如此規模和如此複雜的政府原本是一項重大的任務。但是我們正處於歷史上罕見的一場大戰的初始階段。我們在其他許多地點作戰——在挪威，在荷蘭，我們還必須在地中海做好準備。空戰正在繼續，而且在本土也必須做好許多準備工作。
In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.
值此危急關頭，我想，即使我今天向國會的報告過於簡略，也當能見諒。我還希望所有在這次改組中受到影響的朋友、同僚和舊日的同僚們對必要的禮儀方面的任何不周之處能毫不介意。
I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
我向國會表明，一如我向入閣的大臣們所表明的，我所能奉獻的唯有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水我們所面臨的將是一場極其嚴酷的考驗，將是曠日持久的鬥爭和苦難。
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.
若問我們的政策是什麼？我的回答是：在陸上、海上、空中作戰。盡我們的全力，盡上帝賦予我們的全部力量去作戰，對人類黑暗、可悲的罪惡史上空前兇殘的暴政作戰。這就是我們的政策。
You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.
若問我們的目標是什麼？我可以用一個詞來回答，那就是勝利。不惜一切代價，去奪取勝利——不懼一切恐怖，去奪取勝利——不論前路如何漫長、如何艱苦，去奪取勝利。因為沒有勝利就不能生存。
Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
我們務必認識到，沒有勝利就不復有大英帝國，沒有勝利就不復有大英帝國所象徵的一切，沒有勝利就不復有多少世紀以來的強烈要求和衝動：人類應當向自己的目標邁進。
I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.
我精神振奮、滿懷信心地承擔起我的任務。我確信，大家聯合起來，我們的事業就不會遭到挫敗。
I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."
在此時此刻的危急關頭，我覺得我有權要求各方面的支持。我要說：“來吧，讓我們群策群力，並肩前進！”
Winston Churchill (May 13, 1940 ) 溫斯頓·丘吉爾
政治家、畫家、演說家、作家以及記者，1953年諾貝爾文學獎得主（獲獎作品《第二次世界大戰回憶錄》），曾於1940－1945年及1951－1955年期間兩度任英國首相，被認為是20世紀最重要的政治領袖之一，帶領英國獲得第二次世界大戰的勝利。據傳為歷史上掌握英語單詞詞彙量最多的人之一(十二萬多)。被美國雜誌《展示》列為近百年來世界最有說服力的八大演說家之一。2002年，BBC舉行了一個名為“最偉大的100名英國人”的調查，結果丘吉爾獲選為有史以來最偉大的英國人。
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