【GRE閱讀解析】Passage 48【季節性繁殖的蝦】短文詳細解析


When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters.

So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or among vent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.

Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.

E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.


答案:E

解析見下。

When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns.

第1句:當生物學家研究從海洋底部的水熱通風口覓食的蝦時,他們驚訝地發現,蝦的生殖週期遵循季節模式。

這些蝦覓食的地方是海洋的底部的“水熱通風口”,顧名思義,那地方肯定溫度比較高。

蝦的生殖週期遵循季節模式——這些蝦不是全年繁殖的,而是在固定的季節繁殖。也就是,什麼時候繁殖,是有規律的。

這種繁殖的規律性讓生物學家們驚訝。他們為什麼驚訝呢?

Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally?

第2句:遠遠超出陽光照射的範圍,並且全年通風口周圍有充足的食物,為什麼這些動物會季節性繁殖?

驚訝的原因在此。蝦子們覓食的地方在海底,是暗不見天日的,這就叫“遠遠超出陽光照射的範圍”——陽光照不到。也就是,蝦子們不可能通過陽光的變化感受到季節的變化。

並且,全年通風口周圍有充足的食物——也就意味著蝦子們可以一直生活在這裡,不用遷徙;還意味著食物全年都充足,不需要擔心繁殖的時候沒足夠的吃的。

那麼,蝦子們一輩子都可以生活在這裡不挪窩,食物全年都充足,這裡一片黑暗,照不到陽光,不能通過陽光感受到四季的變化,那麼,什麼時候繁殖有什麼關係啊?全年都可以繁殖啊?為什麼這些蝦子卻只在特定的季節繁殖呢?

The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents.

第3句:答案可能涉及他們的後代,這些後代以其幼蟲形式在水流中漂移,以殖民新的通風口。

原因可能在於,要顧及它們繁殖出來的後代。

他們的後代一開始不是以蝦子的形式、而是以一種幼蟲的形式存在,並且會在水流(洋流)中漂流,被水流帶到新的通風口去,才能建立新的生活點。

The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algaeraining down from surface waters.

第4句:幼蟲必須在旅途中進食,並且它們的春季釋放(指幼蟲在春季被繁殖出來)與從表層水下降的藻類高峰相吻合。

幼蟲要吃東西。吃什麼呢?根據這句話的後半部分,幼蟲要以藻類為食。藻類從哪裡來?從海洋表層水中降落下來。

那麼,什麼時候最適合繁殖幼蟲呢?當然是藻類最多的時候啦。

藻類最多的時候是春季,所以蝦子們在春季繁殖出幼蟲。

聽起來很有道理。

So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or among vent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with no seasonal algae blooms.

第5句:到目前為止,研究人員沒有發現任何為它們的後代提供卵黃來維持它們的通風口棲息物種,或者在沒有季節性藻類爆發的海洋區域中發現的通風口棲息物種的季節性繁殖的證據。

除了上文說的這種蝦子(特徵:春季繁殖;幼蟲要吃藻類;藻類高峰在春季),文章還研究了別的兩類蝦子。

第一類:為它們的後代提供卵黃的蝦子。也就是,這類蝦子的幼蟲不需要吃藻類,而是吃爹媽提供的卵黃。那麼,根據文章裡的理論,我們可以推理出:這類蝦子的繁殖不需要按照季節來,而是全年都可以繁殖,反正什麼時候繁殖,幼蟲吃的都是蝦子準備的卵黃,不靠外界的藻類——果然,研究人員觀察到的現象和推測相符,這些蝦子不是季節性繁殖的。

第二類:生活的那片海洋沒有季節性的藻類爆發的蝦子。也就是,這的蝦子生活的地方的藻類的含量基本是穩定不變的,不會在某個季節突然暴增。根據文章裡的理論,我們可以推理出:這類蝦子的繁殖不需要按照季節來,而是全年都可以繁殖,反正什麼時候繁殖,幼蟲能吃到的藻類的量都一樣——果然,研究人員觀察到的現象也和推測相符,這些蝦子也不是季節性繁殖的。

Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

以下哪項最能描述高亮句子的功能?

高亮句說明什麼?說明文章裡的理論還挺靠譜的。

所以,選E。

E. It supports the explanation offered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

E.它支持對居住在水熱通風口附近的一些蝦類品種所觀察到的季節性育種所提供的解釋。


錯誤選項解析略,需要請留言。


【GRE閱讀解析】Passage 48【季節性繁殖的蝦】短文詳細解析


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