2020年高考英語專項突破:名詞性從句,助力你高考金榜題名

08 名詞性從句



I.單項填空

1.【2019·江蘇】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。句意:科學家已經獲得更多證據,塑料正在進入人們的體內。從句不缺句子成分,且與evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引導同位語從句。故選B。


2.【2018·北京】11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.

A. how B. when C. where D. why

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:沒有他的支持,我們是不會在現在這個位置的。how表方式,when表時間,where表地點,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表語從句,結合句子的意思可知,該處指我們所處的位置,故該從句應用where引導。C選項正確。


3.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

A. how B. which C. that D. what

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:這是我父親教我的——總是要面對困難,抱最大的希望。“_________ my father has taught me”是表語從句,該空在從句中做teach的賓語,且表示“父親教我的道理”,故該從句應用what引導。D選項正確。引導名詞性從句時,how表方式,意為“如何”;which意為“哪一個”,that在只起引導從句的作用,不做成分。


4.【2018·天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意:無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名,金牌將授予他。分析句子可知,賓語從句中缺少主語,故用whoever,表示“任何人,無論誰”。故選C。


5.【2018·江蘇】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.

A. where B. when C. why D. how

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:乘船是到達這裡唯一的途徑,這就是我們如何到達的。分析which引導的非限定性定語從句可知,後面為表語從句。分析句意可知,這裡用連接副詞how引導表語從句,充當方式狀語,表示“如何”。故選D。


6.【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever

【答案】B

【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever無論哪個。句意:每年,任何一個做出最漂亮的風箏的人將會在風箏節獲獎。空格所在部分是主語從句,缺少主語,用連接代詞,根據意思可知是人獲獎,故排除AD,因為需要做主語,只能用主格代詞who,故選B。


7.【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.

A. why B. where C. how D. when

【答案】B

【解析】試題分析:A. why 為什麼 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什麼時候。句意:Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上,不知道她將去往何方,根據語境可知此處是表地點的,很容易就可選出答案B。


8.【2017·江蘇】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.

A. that B. which C. what D. how

【答案】C

【解析】8考查賓語從句。“half of _______ it used to charge”是$20的同位語,即原來價格的一半是現在的$20;另外,of後跟名詞或名詞短語構成介賓短語,所以,這裡是賓語從句;賓語從句中的charge後面缺少賓語,所以用what來引導賓語從句,並充當賓語從句中的賓語,故選C。句意:我們選擇這家賓館是因為一晚上的住宿費降到了20美元,這是該賓館過去要價的一半。


9.【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

A. when B. where C. whether D. what

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他問我是否已經把書還給圖書館了,我承認。我還沒有還。A.什麼時候;B.在哪裡;C是否;D.什麼。根據句意,故選C。


10.【2016·北京】24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.

A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever

【答案】C

【解析】題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語,“________ you can do”是主語部分,即主語從句,在主語從句中,do後缺少賓語,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引導,故選C。


11.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.

A. what B. that C. whether D. why

【答案】B

【解析】題目考查表語從句。句意:雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾。is後跟從句作表語,即表語從句,表語從句不缺少主語、謂語和賓語,因此用that,that只起引導作用,故選B。


12.【2016·江蘇】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

A. why B. what C. as D. that

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。本句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是連接詞that做引導的主語從句,連接詞that在本句中不充當任何成分,只是一個引導詞而已,不能省略。連接副詞why要在句中做狀語,連接代詞what通常在句中做主語、賓語或表語等;as通常不引導名詞性從句。句意:對於那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實。故D正確。


13.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

A. whether B. that C. which D. what

【答案】B

【解析】句意:經理提出一個建議,我們應該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位語從句說明suggestion的內容,而且同位語從句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引導,that不作成分,只是起著連接的作用。故選B。


14.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

A. what B. that C. where D. who

【答案】C

【解析】根據分析可知:You have to know…後面是一個賓語從句。賓語從句的連接詞有連接代詞和連接副詞,連接代詞有:who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語,連接副詞有:when, where, why, how,在句中擔任狀語的成分。You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一個完整的句子,所以應該用連接副詞來引導從句。句意:如果你已經計劃好去那裡的最佳方案,你必須知道你將要去哪裡。故選C。


15.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.

A. that B. where C. what D. why

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我很相信美麗源自於內心! 本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到連接作用,也可以省略。從句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到連接作用,也可以省略。故選A。


16.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.

A. what B. whom C. why D. when

【答案】A

【解析】句意:船停放在海港裡是很安全的,但這並非建造船的目的。isn’t後跟從句作表語,表語從句中的for後缺少賓語,用what引導,what與for連用,表示目的。故選A。


17.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.

A. what B. who C. that D. whoever

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你在河裡或湖裡游泳,請確定查看水面下有什麼?通常總有一些石頭或樹枝藏在水裡。此處的what指代的是樹枝或石頭,B選項和D選項用於指人,that 只有語法意義。句式上,該句用了(If 從句,祈使句)的句式,非謂語to investigate 後接一個賓語從句的表達。分析賓語從句的成分可以發現,空格所做的成分是主語。根據下一句的表述中的樹枝和石頭,可以得出答案是what。


18.【2015·重慶】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

A. when B. how C. where D. why

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們必須弄明白什麼時候來,因此我們能給他預定房間。Find out 後面跟著賓語從句。根據句意選when。

19.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.

A. where B. why C. what D. which

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句。本句考查賓語從句的引導詞。賓語從句中不缺少主語和賓語,故選項C錯誤,選項D擔當定語,也錯誤。根據意思:這個展覽告訴了我們,我們為什麼要停止空氣汙染而不是我們在哪兒停止空氣汙染,故選擇B。


20.【2015·陝西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

A. what B. that C. why D. how

【答案】A

【解析】句意:讀完了她的自傳後,我對Dor賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種,解答這類題目,關鍵在於分析清楚句子結構。確定這是什麼從句,再通過判斷從句中缺少的內容決定引導詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導詞。通常如果名詞性從句缺少主語賓語和表語的時候用what連接。is Lessing在文學上做出的貢獻非常敬佩。介詞for後面是賓語從句,從句中缺少賓語,所以選A。


21.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

A. where B. how C. why D. If

【答案】B

【解析】考查賓語從句。句中I是主語,wonder是謂語,how引導的賓語從句在整個句子中做賓語。連接副詞How是賓語從句中的方式狀語。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的,所以是針對方式題提問的,故用how。根據句意---我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎麼保持著身材的。--通過每天鍛鍊。故選C。


22.【2015·江蘇】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.

A. That B. Why C. Where D. How

【答案】C

【解析】句意:李白是中國一位偉大的詩人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不願接受這一事實。分析句子結構可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位語,is前面是主語從句。比較選項只有where符合句意,where在從句中做地點狀語。故選C項。


23.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

A. Where B.How C.Why D. When

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們如何理解事情與我們所感受的有很大關係。根據句意可知,主語從句缺少方式狀語,因此選擇how。故選B。



II.語法填空

1.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

【答案】that

【解析】考查同位語從句。根據句子結構分析可知,主句為there be句型,且結構完整,空格後為同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞evidence內容,故填that。


2.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.

【答案】where

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:學生在大學裡做什麼似乎比去哪裡(哪所大學)更重要。這裡表達去哪所大學,表示地點,作狀語。故用where。


3.(2015·全國Ⅱ,70)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly    thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

【答案】how 

【解析】分析句子結構及語境可知,此處應用how引導賓語從句。


4.Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.

【答案】whether 

【解析】根據句子結構可知,設空處引導賓語從句;根據句意可判斷,設空處意為“是否”,其前有介詞on,故填 whether。


5.I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me ________ I can buy one?

【答案】where 

【解析】where引導賓語從句,且在從句中作地點狀語。


6.It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

【答案】that 

【解析】it為形式主語,真正的主語為後面的從句,從句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,因此用that。


7.________ breaks the law will be punished.

【答案】Whoever 

【解析】句意:無論誰違法都將受到懲罰。主語從句中缺少主語,指人,並且表泛指,故用whoever。


8.She will give ________ needs help a warm support.

【答案】whoever 

【解析】句意:凡是需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。由句意可知,應填whoever,在賓語從句中充當主語。


9.I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now.

【答案】what 

【解析】句意:我不知道那個女孩現在在房間裡幹什麼。由句意可知,應填what,在同位語從句中作賓語,且意為“……的事情”。


10.________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.

【答案】What 

【解析】分析句子成分可知,主語從句中缺少主語,且指事物,因此用what。


11.Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

【答案】when 

【解析】句意:土豆被引入歐洲的確切時間不能確定,但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子結構可知,設空處為主語從句的引導詞,從around 1565判斷,這裡指時間,故填when。


12.It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.

【答案】that 

【解析】句意:令世界震驚的是,美國退出了它所承諾的一些主要協議,包括2015年《巴黎氣候變化協定》和2015年《伊朗核協議》。此處it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。


13.I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ to begin.

【答案】where 

【解析】句意:我現在需要幫助!我不得不修理洗手間裡一個正在漏水的管子,但是我不確定從何處著手。此處表示是管子哪裡漏水,表示地點,填where。


14.Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit.

【答案】what 

【解析】句意:為了保持健康,人們每天應該消耗40克肉。“________ people should consume”是表語從句,該從句中,consume缺少賓語,且表示“所……的東西”,故要用what引導該從句。


15.The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That's ________ he succeeded at last.

【答案】why 

【解析】句意:每次失敗後,這位著名的球員一次又一次地嘗試。那就是為什麼他最終成功了(的原因)。be後面的是一個表語從句,用why引導從句,表示結果,故填why。


III.短文改錯

1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

【答案】that →where

【解析】考查賓語從句的引導詞。介詞後面的賓語從句缺少狀語,根據句意判斷此處表示地點。故把that改為where。


2.That the fat boy needs is much more practice.

【答案】That→What 

【解析】is前面的句子是一個主語從句,從句中缺少needs的賓語,且意為“……的事物(東西)”,因此應用what。


3.That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather.

【答案】That→Whether 

【解析】句意:我們是否能準時到達那裡取決於天氣。whether引導的主語從句可置於句首,本句中的主語從句缺乏表示“是否”的連接詞,故將That改為Whether。


4.The reason why she doesn't like me is I make her angry.

【答案】is後加that 

【解析】is後是一個表語從句,從句中不缺少成分,並且句意完整,因此應用that。表語從句中that不能省略。“The reason why ... is that ...”是一固定句型,意為“……的原因是……”。


5.I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's feelings.

【答案】if→whether 

【解析】賓語從句位於介詞之後,表“是否”時,只能用whether引導,不能用if。


6.That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word.

【答案】That→What 

【解析】引導主語從句並且在從句中作主語,且意為“……的事情”,應用What。


7.It's no longer a question now that man can land on the moon.

【答案】that→whether 

【解析】句意:現在,人類是否能登上月球已經不再是一個問題了。句中it作形式主語,真正的主語是whether引導的從句。


8.The real reason why I don't have a hobby is because I don't have time.

【答案】because →that 

【解析】句意:我沒有愛好的真正的原因是我沒時間。表語從句中不缺少成分,並且句意完整,因此應用that。The reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。


9.The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country.

【答案】news後加that 

【解析】句意:他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了全國。that引導同位語從句,解釋前面的news 的內容,that不能省略。


10.The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad.

【答案】who →whoever 

【解析】句意:組織者承諾無論誰獲得一等獎都會有出國的機會。在題幹中,promise後面跟的是一個賓語從句,who指具體的“誰”,與題意不符;whoever是“無論誰”之意,相當於anyone who,可引導賓語從句,在從句中作主語,與題意相符。



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