At least as important but unexplored is the increase in productivity achieved by replacing manual labor, whether skilled or unskilled, by educated, analytical, theoretical personnel — the replacement of “labor” by managers, technicians and professionals, the substitution of “planning” for “working”.
至少同樣重要,但未被探討的問題是:以教育水準較高、善於分析推理的人才來取代技術或非技術性體力勞動者所提升的生產力,換句話說,以管理者、技術人員和專業人才來取代“體力勞動者”,以“規劃”取代“工作”。
Obviously this substitution must take place before capital equipment is installed to replace man's animal energy; for someone must plan and design the equipment — a conceptual, theoretical and analytical task.
顯然,企業必須在安裝資本設備以取代體力勞動者之前,就完成這樣的轉換;因為必須先有人規劃和設計設備——這是具有概念性、理論性而且分析性特點的工作。
In fact, a little reflection will show that the “rate of capital formation” to which the economists give so much attention is a secondary factor.
事實上,只要稍加思考,就會發現經濟學家所強調的“資本形成率”其實只是次要的生產要素。
The basic factor in an economy's development must be the rate of “brain formation”, the rate at which a country produces people with imagination and vision, education, theoretical and analytical skill.
經濟發展的基本要素必然是“智力形成率”,也就是一個國家能以多快的速度培養出想象力豐富、有願景、受過良好教育、具備推理和分析技能的人才。
REFERENCE:
- at least 至少
- unexplored 未被探討的
- increase 提升
- productivity 生產力
- achieve 達到
- replace 取代
- manual labor 體力勞動者
- skilled 技術的
- unskilled 非技術性的
- educated 教育水準較高的
- analytical 善於分析的
- theoretical 推理的
- personnel 人才
- replacement 取代
- manager 管理者
- technician 技術人員
- professional 專業人才
- substitution 取代
- obviously 顯然
- take place 完成,發生
- capital equipment 資本設備
- install 安裝
- man's animal energy 勞動者體力
- conceptual 概念性的
- task 工作,任務
- in fact 事實上
- reflection 思考,反思
- rate of capital formation 資本形成率
- economist 經濟學家
- attention 強調,關注
- secondary factor 次要的要素
- basic factor 基本要素
- economy's development 經濟發展
- rate of “brain formation” 智力形成率
- produce 培養出
- imagination 想象力
- vision 願景
- education 教育
- skill 技能
The Practice of Management
Peter F. Drucker
* 本書為第一部從實際執行層面立論的管理學書籍,第一部兼顧管理現有企業和創新未來企業的著作