高考英語命題失誤分類評析(2)

高考英語命題失誤分類評析(2)

(二)與動詞或動詞短語有關的命題失誤

1.When did you ____ my letter?

A.receive B.accept ____ C.get

評析:所給答案是A,實際上,選項C=選項A。請看例證:

Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English對get詞條第一種註釋是“to receive or experience:I got a letter today.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation(第三版)中get詞條第7種註釋是“receive;have;obtain;procure;acquire:收到;獲得;得到;取得”。並舉一例:

I've got(=now have)your telegram.我已經收到你的電報。

張其春、蔡文縈合編的《簡明英漢詞典》get詞條下的第一條註釋便是“得,得到,獲得;買得:get a letter收到一封信”。

《新英漢詞典》get詞條下的第4點註釋也是“收到:get a letter收到信”。

之所以要把1979年的老題翻出來評析,是因為“收到來信”這一說法在口語中太普遍了。而相當一部分學生只會用receive a letter。

2. ____this book and tell me what you think of it.

A.Look through B.Look on C.Look into D.Look up

評析:所供答案是A,look through在本句中是“瀏覽,翻閱”的意思。look into也能表達此義。請看例證:

《牛津現代高級英漢雙解詞典》look詞條下:look into:(b)dip into(a book,etc)瀏覽(書等)。

廈門大學外文系編《綜合英語成語詞典》在look into詞條2)瀏覽/look into the chronicles of the middle ages瀏覽中世紀的編年史。

上海譯文出版社出版的《英漢大詞典》中look詞條下 look into 3.瀏覽(書籍等)。

葛傳等編的《英語短語動詞詞典》對look into的註釋是:dip into(a book,etc)瀏覽(書)等:They are looking into some magazines.他們正在瀏覽一些雜誌。

可見look into也可表示“瀏覽”之意,後也可接book等,因此C無疑也是正確的。

3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.

A.spend ____ B.save C.spare ____ D.share

評析:所給正確答案是C,此處的spare意為“抽出,擠出(時間)”,其後除可跟雙賓語,即“spare somebody +時間名詞”結構,也可直接跟時間名詞作單賓語。筆者認為選項B也是對的。動詞save作“節省,省出”解時,除可跟金錢名詞作賓語外,也可直接跟時間名詞作賓語,還可用於雙賓語結構,即“save somebody +時間名詞結構。例如:

They concentrated upon the work and upon how to save time.他們集中心思幹工作,想法節省時間。(《英語常用動詞用法詞典》,張道真著)

It'll save me 50p if I buy the large-size box.(DCE)(《現代英語用法詞典》,張道真著)

They did this to save customers time and trouble.他們這樣做是為了使顧客省時間省事。(《英語常用動詞用法詞典》,張道真著)

I ought to have done so sooner,it would have saved me numerous misfortune.(Forester)(《現代英語用法詞典》,張道真著)

從語義上看,填spare意為“我叫他為我抽出幾分鐘以便我們能解決所有的問題”,填save則意為“我叫他給我省出幾分鐘以便我們能解決所有的問題”。兩個句子雖語義有別,但都通順,並無不妥。因此,選項B、C都是正確的。

4.It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A.put away B.kept up C.given away D.laid up

評析:所給答案是A。put away意為“儲存……備用”,“儲蓄”,“節省或存(尤指錢)以為後用”等。例如:

He puts his money away for a tour.他為了旅遊而儲錢。(《最新英漢活用詞典》)

He has a good sum of money put away in the bank for his old age.他在銀行裡存了一大筆錢,以防老。(《當代英漢雙解分類用法詞典》)

筆者認為選項D(laid up)也是正確的。lay up也有“貯存,儲蓄”的意思。例如:

They laid up a lot of vegetables for the coming winter.他們為冬天儲存了大量蔬菜。(《英語常用短語詞典》)

You must lay up some of your income.你必須將收入的一部分儲存起來。(《最新英漢活用詞典》)

You must lay up some money for emergency.你應該儲蓄一點錢以備急需。(《英漢六用詞典》)

從語義和語法看,本題用lay up都是正確的。因此本題有A和D兩個正確答案。

5.Todd was working at his gas station(加油站)at night when he heard over the radio that a bank in Long Island had been ____ by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $150,000.

A.searched for B.held up C.taken over D.broken into

評析:所給答案是D.但是B也對.試看下列例證:

《牛津現代高級英漢雙解詞典》(商務印書館,牛津大學

出版社)對hold sb./sth.up的解釋是:(C)stop by the use or threat of force,for the purpose of robbery攔路搶劫。並舉有下例:

The travelers were held up by bandits.旅客遭強盜搶劫。

再看下列實例:

The criminals held up the train /the bank and toolallthe money.(《朗文當代英語詞典》最新修訂版)

Several masked men held up the bank.(《當代英語搭配詞典》,現代出版社,王文昌、簡清國主編)

Masked men held up the bank.

He was held up at the point of a gun just as he left the bank.(《現代英語用法詞典》重排本,張道真著)

(未完待續)

(段惠彬 原連載於《基礎教育外語教學研究》2002年第9-11期)

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