一、 什麼是"三長兩短一併列"？
例句1： 我是Lilian。 I am Lilian. （主系表）
例句2： 我教英語。 I teach English. （主謂賓）
例句3： 我是來自重慶的Lilian。 I am Lilian from Chongqing.
例句4： 我在希來學園教英語。 I teach English at Xilai.
例句5：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,
I returned to my office.
(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the
afternoon), I returned (to my office).
英語中主要的只有五種修飾成分，稱為"三長兩短"。它們是使句子變複雜的主要因素，再加上同樣會使句子變複雜的"平行並列結構"，統稱為"三長兩短一併列"
(1)句子主幹部分：英語中的五大基本句型
主語+謂語 I come.
主語+謂語+賓語 I learn English.
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語 You teach us English.
主語+謂語+賓語+補語 You make me happy.
主語+系動詞+表語 English is interesting.
(2)句子修飾成分："三長兩短"
"兩短"：形容詞、副詞
"三長"：介詞短語、從句、非謂語
(3)一併列——平行並列結構
由"並列詞" and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only..., but also.../ both... and.../ either...or.../ neither... nor...等, 將兩個或兩個以上"含義相似，結構相同"的"並列項"連接起來構成的結構。簡記為"A and B"或"A, B and C"。
二、 用括號法解決長難句
Step 1. 預處理
給"三長"加括號，給"並列詞"（and, or, but, as well as等）加方框，給"並列項"（A和B）加下劃線
(1) 標記介詞短語時，要從介詞開始到介詞之後的第一個名詞終止。
(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon),
I returned (to my office).
(2) 標記從句時，一定從關係詞開始，到以下四種終止。
① 到句尾終止，如：Lilian is a teacher (who teaches English).
② 到句中的逗號終止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
③ 到下一個修飾成分終止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.
(to Beijing是介詞短語，屬於另一個修飾成分，故從句的標記在此處終止)
④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
(3) 標記非謂語動詞短語時，一定是從動詞不定式(to do)、動名詞(doing) 或分詞(現在分詞doing或
過去分詞done)開頭，到以下四種情況終止。
① 到句尾終止，如：Lilian is a teacher (teaching English).
② 到句中的逗號終止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一個修飾成分終止，如：Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience.
(to the audience是介詞短語，屬於另一修飾成分。)
④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止，如：We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.
(4) 標記平行並列結構
原則上，只要是"含義相似，結構相同"的東西都能並列，所以英語句子中可以並列的東西有很多，讀句子的時候要注意識別到底是誰跟誰並列。 如：
①名詞並列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.
②形容詞並列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.
③副詞並列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.
④謂語動詞並列：With the Internet, we can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.
⑤介詞短語並列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish
from the earth.
⑥從句並列：I've finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last
month).
⑦非謂語動詞並列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.
⑧整句並列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
注1：先找B，後找A A和B結構相同，含義相似
I like the box (on the desk) and the flowers (in your hand) ( which you promised) (to give me).
注2：一旦出現下一修飾成分，果斷結束掉上一修飾成分，不管上一成分本身結束了沒。
Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).
Step 2. 做直譯 一個括號一個括號地翻譯
Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).
黃潔是一個老師——教英語——在海口——它是一個美麗的城市——中國的
注3；英語是"掛鉤"的語言，每個括號裡的第一個單詞都稱為掛鉤單詞，可以通過每個掛鉤單詞提問和回答問題，將一個個括號連接起來。括號裡的第一個單詞都成為掛鉤單詞，可以通過每個掛鉤提問和回答問題，將一個個括號連接起來題，將一個個括號連接起來
Step 3. 調語序 後修變前修，增刪個別詞
Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).
黃潔是一個老師——教英語——在海口——它是一個美麗的城市——中國的
黃潔是一個在中國的美麗城市海口教英語的老師。
黃潔是一個老師，她在中國的美麗城市海口教英語。
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